含Nb-Ti-Al的X100管线钢碳氮化物析出研究

基于双亚点阵模型,建立X100管线钢（Nbx,Ti1-x）（CyN1-y）-AlN复合析出热力学模型。热力学模型计算结果表明,1 450～1 100K时,Nb析出量显著增大;1 800～1 400K时,Ti析出速度加快,AlN的析出温度为1 450K左右。TEM观察及EDS分析结果显示,1 173K时,有大量细小（Nb,Ti）（C,N）的析出物产生,Nb与Ti的原子比大于4;1 373K时,Nb与Ti的原子比接近1;1 523K时,以较大长条形、方形析出物为主,Nb与Ti的原子比小于0.43。热力学模型计算结果与JMatpro软件计算结果及EDS统计结果有较好的一致性。     

普适的碳氮化物析出热力学模型的建立

基于规则溶体模型、双亚点阵模型及第二相固溶析出理论,建立了普适的碳氮化物析出热力学模型.采用该模型,计算了不同温度下0.17C-0.023Nb-0.012Ti-0.004N钢中理想配比型及缺位型析出相与基体间的热力学平衡信息,包括基体成分、析出相成分及其体积分数.结果表明:在相同温度下,相比于理想型第二相,缺位型第二相的溶解度较大,析出体积分数较小;随着析出温度的降低,析出相逐渐由氮化钛演变为富含铌和碳的复合相,且不同类型第二相的体积分数差异逐渐缩小.     

铌对高钢级管线钢中第二相析出与奥氏体晶粒长大行为的影响

基于双亚点阵模型,计算了两种不同铌含量的高钢级管线钢在不同温度下Nb、Ti和Al的析出量,测定了不同加热温度和保温时间下奥氏体晶粒尺寸,建立两种钢奥氏体晶粒长大模型.发现Nb含量增加提高了其全固溶温度,并且温降过程中Nb析出量显著增多,在晶界两边析出的细小碳氮化物对奥氏体晶粒长大有显著的阴碍作用.高铌钢加热温度为1250℃时奥氏体晶粒显著粗化,预测模型也不同于1050～1200℃的模型,但相同保温温度下晶粒尺寸明显小于低铌实验钢.通过数据拟合计算出高铌钢的长大激活能远远高于低铌钢,再次证明高Nb的管线钢在1200℃以下能够有效地细化奥氏体晶粒,预测模型与实验值吻合较好.     

低碳Nb--Ti二元微合金钢析出过程的演变

建立规则溶液亚点阵模型计算了不同温度(1073～1523 K)下低碳Nb--Ti二元微合金钢(Nb质量分数为0.023%,Ti质量分数为0.012%)中碳氮化物析出相的平衡摩尔分数、化学驱动力和各组元摩尔分数,对微合金钢中析出粒子演变规律进行研究,并利用透射电镜观察及能谱分析验证这种析出模式.计算结果表明,1523 K下析出粒子化学式组成为(Nb0.15Ti0.85)(C0.16N0.84),由富Ti的析出物逐渐过渡至Nb--Ti均匀析出,析出粒子演变顺序为(Nb0.15Ti0.85)(C0.16N0.84)、(NbxTi1-x)(CyN1-y)和(Nb0.5Ti0.5)(C0.56N0.44),与实验结果符合较好.随着温度降低,Ti/Nb质量比逐渐减小,得到的TiC比NbC更难溶.对均匀形核及位错处形核的临界核心尺寸和相对形核速率进行计算,得到最大形核率即可获得最细小第二相尺寸的温度.     

汽车大梁钢中第二相粒子析出行为

运用热动力学理论和Oswald熟化理论研究了不同氮含量汽车大梁钢中第二相粒子的析出和熟化行为.研究发现钢中N含量的增加会促进V(C,N)在奥氏体中析出从而细化铁素体晶粒,当氮的质量分数增至4.2×10 4时铁素体晶粒尺寸能细化至4.7μm.形核率–温度曲线和析出–温度–时间曲线表明氮含量的增加可以扩大奥氏体区中最大形核率的温度范围,氮的质量分数由5.5×10 5增至4.2×10 4时其最快析出的鼻点温度由840℃上升至968℃.透射电镜观察显示氮含量的增加明显降低析出V(C,N)粒子的尺寸.VN在奥氏体中的Oswald熟化速率计算表明熟化速率随温度的降低不断减少,同时增加N含量还可以有效降低析出粒子的熟化速率,从而抑制沉淀析出的第二相粒子的熟化长大过程.     

V-Ti-N微合金非调质无缝油井管钢中碳氮化物的热力学计算

用包括奥氏体γ相和两个碳氮化物相三相溶解度间隙平衡处理的方法计算了V-Ti-N微合金非调质油井管钢中的碳氮化物析出. 计算结果表明,此钢奥氏体中的析出模式为1 473 ℃时TiN即开始析出;其后部分TiN逐渐转变为复合(TixV1-x)(CyN1-y)颗粒,而其他的TiN直到低温仍保持其化学性质;最后富V-C的V(CxN1-x)在846 ℃开始析出. 实验数据验证了这种析出模式. 计算结果支持了中碳含钒微合金钢中800 ℃以下奥氏体中的析出对其后的奥氏体分解相变具有明显的调控作用的观点.     

卷取温度对低碳钢组织性能及AlN析出行为的影响

运用拉伸、金相、析出物定量分析、TEM和EDS等测试方法,对不同卷取温度低碳钢组织性能及析出进行研究. 结果表明:随着卷取温度的升高,钢的强度和晶粒度等级下降,固溶的N含量逐渐降低,740℃卷取时固溶的N含量几乎为零. 热力学和动力学分析表明,AlN主要是在卷取过程中产生的. 透射电镜观察到的AlN尺寸在10～50nm,并且具有复杂的化学成分.     

过共析帘线钢中碳氮化钛夹杂的析出与固溶

应用热力学方法研究了帘线钢凝固析出碳氮化钛(Ti(CxN1-x))夹杂的性质,以及钢坯加热过程碳氮化钛(Ti(CxN1-x))夹杂分解固溶的热力学条件,并通过实验研究了试样高温加热过程中碳氮化钛夹杂的固溶现象。研究表明:1)帘线钢C含量越高,凝固析出的碳氮化钛夹杂中的x值越高;2)帘线钢C含量越高,凝固过程碳氮化钛夹杂析出就越早,析出碳氮化钛夹杂时的凝固前沿温度越低;3)82A铸坯加热到1 087℃以上时,碳氮化钛夹杂具备分解和固溶的热力学条件;4)实验验证将钢样在1 150℃和1 250℃高温加热后,5μm以上的碳氮化钛夹杂分别下降了55%和70.3%,而试样在1 250℃高温加热后缓冷到1 000℃时发现2μm以下的小夹杂继续在分解,而5μm以上的大夹杂在增加。     

Ti-MO低碳超高强钢中相间析出强化

在不同温度下对Ti-Mo低碳钢进行等温转变,对热轧板进行力学性能检测,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、选区电子衍射等方法进行组织观察,同时分析了相间析出粒子的形貌、尺寸和分布规律.结果显示,随着等温温度降低,钢的强度提高,延展性降低,屈强比增大.在透射试样中观察到两种不同形态分布的相间析出碳化物:平面型相间析出和曲面型相间析出.相间析出碳化物的平均直径为4.30nm,平均纵横比为1.375.在650℃等温保温1 h时,相间析出强化对铁素体相强度的增量在400MPa以上.     

含硼氮中碳铝镇定钢中BN夹杂析出热力学分析

运用数值模拟方法对含硼氮中碳铝镇定钢中BN析出的热力学条件进行分析,研究该钢种在冶炼浇注及加热奥氏体化过程中BN夹杂物的析出规律,并与试验情况进行了比较。结果表明,在钢液中初始w(B)≤0.012%、初始w(N)≤0.03%的情况下,含硼氮中碳铝镇定钢浇注凝固过程中不能析出BN夹杂物,且钢液中B的富集程度远高于N,凝固末期残余液相中,B浓度是其初始浓度的20倍,N浓度约为其初始浓度的2.1倍;钢中w(B)为0.005%~0.01%、w(N)为0.01%~0.03%时,在1470K奥氏体化温度以下,可以稳定析出BN夹杂物,B、N含量越高,BN夹杂开始析出的温度越高;在奥氏体化过程中,钢坯中酸溶铝含量越高,越容易析出BN夹杂物。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.