单级单吸离心泵多工况的能量性能预测

为了准确预测离心泵不同工况下的能量性能,基于国内外现有的理论公式和经验公式建立离心泵水力损失模型.运用线性回归的方法找出了叶轮进口冲角与冲击损失系数之间的函数关系,对冲击损失公式进行修正.为验证此模型预测离心泵不同工况下能量性能的准确性,选取一台比转速为92.8的离心泵,计算其9个工况点的扬程、效率和轴功率,并与试验结果进行对比分析.结果表明:扬程的预测结果与试验结果基本一致,9个工况点预测扬程与试验扬程之间的误差均在5%以内,这表明水力损失方程能很好地预测离心泵不同工况下的能量性能.     

离心泵多工况水力设计方法

针对现有的离心泵水力设计方法仅满足单点设计工况性能,无法满足其他工况性能的问题,提出一种离心泵多工况水力设计方法.以单点设计的关键几何参数值为初始条件、多工况的扬程为约束条件、多个工况的加权平均效率最高为目标,同时采用自适应模拟退火算法对离心泵多工况能量性能计算模型进行求解.最后根据比转数为129.3的离心泵3个工况点的能量性能要求,在考虑权重的基础上提出了2种多工况水力设计方案.数值计算结果表明：2种多工况设计能基本满足3个工况点的能量性能要求,误差均在5%以内.     

汽车水泵的数值模拟及性能预测研究

基于水力损失法对具有代表性的三个汽车水泵模型进行数值模拟,将数值计算结果与实验值对比后发现数据吻合较好,说明模拟流场基本符合真实流场,故其计算结果可用于水泵性能分析。然后在数值计算基础上分别求出三个水泵各部件的水力损失,对损失模型中的损失系数进行回归分析,得到损失系数与雷诺数、比转数之间的数学关系,并对各部件的曲线形式进行归纳总结。同时针对不同水泵的同一部件进行流场分析,提出了减小汽车水泵各部件水力损失的合理性建议,并结合机械损失与容积损失建立了汽车水泵的性能预测模型。     

低扬程水泵装置水力特性参数换算研究综述

通过对低扬程泵装置水力特性参数换算方法及性能预测的机理进行理论分析研究,建立低扬程泵装置水力特性参数换算方法及性能预测本构模型.根据泵内机械摩擦损失、水力摩擦损失、非设计工况“撞击损失”、泵内泄漏损失、不同结构型式进出水流道水力损失机理,建立各分部效率乘积形式的水泵总效率表达式;通过与各种损失性质相关的分部效率计算系数的换算实现泵分部效率及总效率的换算.用计算流体动力学从理论上计算出泵装置内各部分损失与流道型式、雷诺数、比转数、过流部件粗糙度之间的关系,为效率换算及性能预测提供依据.     

水轮机全蜗壳圆形断面的水力优化设计方法

针对目前水轮机蜗壳常规水力设计方法中存在的不足,合理划分水轮机蜗壳内水力损失的组成,建立水轮机蜗壳内的水力损失计算模型,改善水轮机蜗壳的水力性能.以水轮机蜗壳的水力损失为目标函数,以沿水轮机蜗壳周向断面的速度矩分布规律为设计变量,对水轮机蜗壳进行优化设计.通过实际编程计算证明,采用变速度矩法设计出的水轮机蜗壳达到了减少水力损失,提高水轮机蜗壳水力性能的目的.     

低比转速离心泵圆盘损失的计算

准确计算圆盘损失的大小是预测低比转速离心泵性能的重要因素.在泵试验结果的基础上,借助流体动力计算的数值计算和模拟方法,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型封闭时均N-S方程组,以低比转速离心泵M23-12.5为对象,在假定圆盘摩擦损失只增加轴功率而不影响液体有效能量增加的基础上,通过泵的数值预测结果和实验性能曲线的对比,对3种圆盘摩擦损失的计算方法进行比较.结果表明与直接计算叶轮外圆直径的摩擦力矩作为整个泵的圆盘摩擦损失的方法相比,根据泵叶轮的形状,分别计算其前后盖板的摩擦力矩进而求得叶轮圆盘损失的方法,更适合低比转速离心泵叶轮圆盘损失功率的计算.     

中低比转速离心泵叶轮几何参数优化

中低比转速离心泵效率普遍不高,主要因素是泵的圆盘摩擦损失过大,而圆盘摩擦损失又和叶轮直径的五次方成正比,针对这一特点,提出了以减少泵的圆盘摩擦损失为目的方法,即以叶轮直径最小为目标函数,综合考虑叶轮进口直径、叶轮叶片进出口安放角,叶轮叶片数等设计变量,建立相应的数学模型,通过优化计算,获得满足一定扬程和流量的上述参数的最优组合,从而提高中低比转数离心泵的效率,缩短泵的设计周期.     

高比转数离心泵叶轮内空蚀两相流动的数值模拟

为了研究高比转数离心泵内部的空蚀流动,采用完整空化模型和混合流体两相流模型对比转数为177的离心泵全流道内空蚀流动进行定常数值模拟.根据计算结果,分析液相和空泡相主要流动特征及叶片上的静压分布,揭示叶轮内空蚀两相流场的内在特征,结果表明预测得到的空蚀现象与实际离心泵受空蚀现象的影响与破坏情况基本一致.     

浅析离心泵设计方法

离心泵是利用叶轮旋转而使水发生离心运动来工作的.本文对离心泵基本参数和参数带好进行说明,对过流部件主要几何参数的水力设计计算从叶轮主要几何参数设计要点、泵体主要几何参数设计要点以及泵体积叶轮的匹配性进行分析,其次对设计的关键点进行分析.     

基于组合优化策略的离心泵叶轮优化设计

为了缩短水力机械的水力设计周期和提高设计效率,提出了一种水力机械全三维的优化设计体系,实现了叶片参数化设计、网格划分、CFD计算和后处理的过程全自动集成。采用了遗传算法(GA)全局探索、响应面(RSM)近似建模和二次序列规划方法(SQP)局部寻优的二阶组合优化策略,达到了高效优化设计水力机械叶轮的目的。利用该优化设计平台,以离心泵叶轮水力效率最大化为目标函数,以影响叶片形状的多个几何参数为设计变量,对离心泵叶轮进行了优化设计。优化设计后叶轮水力效率由原来的89.8%提高到92.4%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.