利用振幅随炮检距变化检测油气藏的有效方法

振幅随炮检距变化(AVO)检测技术是目前寻找油气藏的主要技术.根据Zoeppritz简化方程,确定出AVO属性,求取公式,通过实际模型确定出储层在含油气与含盐水情况下的差异,可以通过AVO交会图来模拟由烃类因素引起的异常现象和变化趋势.模拟结果表明,应用λρ属性剖面与μρ属性剖面交会图、P波波阻抗与泊松比属性剖面交会图,能够检测出含油气砂岩所引起的异常变化,根据交会图中的异常范围,可以标定出含气层在钻井地层中的位置.验证结果表明,利用AVO属性剖面的交会图确定气层范围是一种有效的方法,其岩性参数计算是AVO反演技术中的关键.     

AVO交会分析及其应用

AVO技术是一种非常实用的地球物理方法，对于寻找油气，特别是针对气藏的勘探有其独特的优势，本文以AVO技术的基本理论为基础，应用Sheuy的Zoeppritz简化方程，结合实际研究资料，讨论了AVO交会图的理论意义及实用价值。从实际资料的分析可以看出，AVO交会分析能突出由烃类因素引起的异常现象，P－G交会图是一种理想的检测与岩性以及不同流体类型相关的AVO响应差异的方法。同时可以根据P－G交会图的特征将砂岩分类，分析它们的物性特征，确定其是否为有利的油气储层。文中应用P－G交会分析研究了鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界山西组P1－s2砂岩，得到明显的异常响应，取得了良好的效果，进一步验证了该方法的可行性。     

AVO交会分析及其应用

AVO技术是一种非常实用的地球物理方法 ,对于寻找油气 ,特别是针对气藏的勘探有其独特的优势 .本文以 AVO技术的基本理论为基础 ,应用 Sheuy的 Zoeppritz简化方程 ,结合实际研究资料 ,讨论了 AVO交会图的理论意义及实用价值 .从实际资料的分析可以看出 ,AVO交会分析能突出由烃类因素引起的异常现象 ,P—G交会图是一种理想的检测与岩性以及不同流体类型相关的AVO响应差异的方法 .同时可以根据 P— G交会图的特征将砂岩分类 ,分析它们的物性特征 ,确定其是否为有利的油气储层 .文中应用 P— G交会分析研究了鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界山西组 P1 - s2砂岩 ,得到明显的异常响应 ,取得了良好的效果 ,进一步验证了该方法的可行性     

独特角度交会技术在振幅随偏移距变化属性解释中的应用

基于角度交会的振幅随偏移距,变化(AVO)分析原理,对四川M气藏的多种叠前AVO反演属性进行综合研究.结果表明:独特角度交会方法比传统AVO交会方法能更好地区分AVO异常;独特颜色编码的交会方式可以定量预测储层流体的分布,大大提高AVO属性解释的能力;独特角度交会方法可应用到叠后地震属性和多种测井曲线的交会中,为地震属性的优化和地质解释提供新的思路和方法.     

薄互层AVO响应特征分析

行业公认技术作为流体检测的重要工具,近年来,在单一薄层AVO响应特征方面取得了许多重要成果,这些成果为地层中单一薄层流体检测定性解释奠定了良好的基础,但作为地层中沉积更为普遍更的地质结构——砂泥岩薄互层,研究相对较少。文中首先对声学介质和弹性介质条件下的薄互层AVO响应进行研究,其次利用交错差分弹性波动方程对韵律型含气等厚薄互层进行数值模拟,研究薄层数和单层厚度对薄互层AVO响应的影响,最后利用梯度的变化特征,对薄互层层进行分类,研究其截距梯度交会(P-G)属性。结果表明,薄互层的AVO响应在声学介质情况下会出现假亮点,在弹性介质中进行数值模拟更加合理。在弹性介质中与单层薄砂岩AVO响应进行比较,发现薄互层单层厚度小于1/8波长时,薄互层对顶面AVO效应起到加强的作用;而当薄互层单层厚度大于1/8波长小于1/4波长时,AVO效应较薄层情况减弱。随着薄互层单层厚度的增加,P-G值发生明显的变化。因此可以根据工区薄互层单层厚度和层数确定出薄互层发育的P-G属性的分布范围,从而指导储层预测,为勘探开发提供依据。     

含油包裹体丰度指数确定油气运聚范围及应用

GOI(含油流体包裹体丰度指标)是流体包裹体丰富程度的一种指标,其大小决定于储层或圈闭内流体的充注程度;其值及属性变化可以反映出油气的充注历史。利用这一属性,对于一个研究区而言,进行系统的GOI取样和测定,可以确定出该区的油气运聚的平面和剖面最大范围。阐述了GOI的定义、确定油气运聚范围基本原理、判别标准及操作方法,在松辽盆地滨北地区的应用结果表明,滨北地区浅部储盖组合油气运聚范围平面上主要集中在靠近滨洲铁路线20000km2的范围内,剖面上主要集中分布在1500m～2000m的深度范围内。通过油气显示方法和源控油气藏分布规律方法进行验证,证明该方法行之有效。     

非目标因素对AVO属性叠加的影响

除了泊松比外,有不少非目标因素会引起振幅随炮检距变化,在AVO属性叠加图上能直观看到它们的影响.AVO的抗干扰性能远低于水平叠加,那些振幅或时差随炮检距单调变化的因素会引起严重的假AVO异常,因此利用AVO方法时,需要作特别精细的叠前处理.地震数据处理,AVO属性盛加.非目标因素;随机嗓声,剩余时差     

利用地震属性进行无井条件下的储层及含油气预测

以BHH盆地ZHA地区为例,探讨了在缺乏钻井资料的条件下,如何充分利用现有地震资料,进行储层预测及烃类检测。结果表明,在做好地震资料“保真”处理的前提下,才能使提取的叠前、叠后地震属性更真实、可信;并综合利用叠后属性中的振幅、弧长、道积分等属性可以很清楚地刻画储层展布特征;利用频率、吸收系数及叠前AVO现象、泊松比变化等属性可以更好地预测油气异常,为钻探提供可靠依据。     

AVO技术在生物礁储层预测中的应用

AVO技术近年来取得重大进展,相继在陆相盆地中进行储层预测准确率较高,而在海相地层中的应用则很少。通过对研究区内的已知井储层段进行AVO分析,得到了该区海相含气储层具有第Ⅳ类AVO异常响应特征,而非含气储层则具有第Ⅲ类AVO异常响应特征。上述结果和陆相含气储层的AVO特征具有较大差异,应该为岩石物理性质——如压实度等引起。其次,低含气饱和度亦可以引起AVO异常是这个方法的局限性,如何识别商业性含气异常和非商业性含气异常是现今AVO分析的努力方向。     

根据AVO响应识别不同流体类型的方法

 根据AVO的响应分类进行储层预测是目前油气勘探中最基础有效的油气勘探方法,但在实际应用中依然存在诸多问题,成功和失败的案例很多。主要原因是影响AVO响应的因素较多,例如岩性、物性、流体性质、成岩作用、地层压力、埋深等。本文以西非海域探井实际测得的物性参数为依据,设计了多个可能的岩石物理模型,并进行正演,归纳和总结了不同流体条件下,AVO响应随埋深的变化特征。指出了浅层由含水砂岩造成的“亮点”与含油气砂岩在AVO响应特征的不同,对经典AVO分类在该地区的应用做了补充,并给出了该区AVO分类有效应用的经验深度范围。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to