碳酸盐岩流体包裹体(NaCl-H2O)的合成及捕获机理分析

对碳酸盐岩原生、次生流体包裹体的形成机理进行了分析,并分别在压力为100 Mpa、温度为400～300℃和350℃条件下,利用高温高压釜合成了碳酸盐岩原生、次生流体包裹体(NaCl-H2O),模拟了包裹体的形成过程,并利用激光拉曼光谱及显微测温技术对合成包裹体的成分、均一温度、盐度等参数进行了定量分析.结果表明,合成的原生、次生包裹体气相与空气成分相符,其均一温度分别为372.8℃和321.02℃,盐度分别为23.22%和19.54%.与实验前设定的条件相符,从而验证了合成包裹体的准确性,并为进一步分析包裹体相态奠定了基础.     

赣南茅坪钨矿黑钨矿及共生石英中流体包裹体组合(FIA)研究

茅坪钨矿是赣南崇义-大余-上犹矿集区资源储量最大的矿床,主要由石英脉型矿体组成,为典型的石英脉型钨矿床.采用当前国际流行的"流体包裹体组合"(FIA)方法,对黑钨矿及共生石英中包裹体进行了显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析.结果表明,黑钨矿中原生包裹体均一温度普遍比共生石英高,指示了黑钨矿沉淀早于大部分共生石英,这一结论与岩相学结果一致.石英中包裹体记录了流体的早期不混溶和晚期混合,而黑钨矿中包裹体只记录了流体的简单冷却作用.流体的简单冷却是导致黑钨矿沉淀的主要机制.黑钨矿中除原生包裹体外,还发育少量次生包裹体,但黑钨矿中次生包裹体比共生石英中少.黑钨矿中次生包裹体均一温度、盐度与石英中原生包裹体均一温度、盐度相似,表明黑钨矿中次生包裹体形成于共生石英形成期间,记录了黑钨矿沉淀后的残余流体特征.     

江西大龙山钨钼矿床流体包裹体的研究

本文利用均一法、冷冻法、爆裂法研究了大龙山石英脉型钨钼矿床矿物流体包裹体的类型、特征、均一温度、盐度等,以及它们的垂直变化规律,为阐明成矿溶液性质,成矿物理化学条件及矿床原生分带提供了依据。石英中流体包裹体的数量和均一温度从下至上逐渐增高,黑钨矿的爆裂温度从下至上也略有增高。矿床主要成矿温度为340—240℃,为高—中温热液矿床。石英中流体包裹体的含盐度,在矿化富集地段略高,平均6.33(重量%),属中等盐度。     

苏里格气田西区盒8段储层流体包裹体特征与成藏期次

通过单偏光显微镜观察、激光拉曼光谱分析及显微测温,对苏里格气田西区16口井50块盒8段储层流体包裹体样品进行了综合测试分析,总结了流体包裹体的岩相学特征,并依据流体成分将包裹体细分为6种类型。分别测试了不同层位、不同产状内与烃类包裹体伴生的盐水包裹体的均一温度、盐度。结果显示:盒8段储层伴生盐水包裹体的均一温度分布在90～180℃,温度主频段分布在120～170℃;石英次生加大边中的伴生盐水包裹体主峰温度比愈合裂隙及微裂隙中的略低,且不存在明显界限。在包裹体均一温度、盐度分析的基础上,结合研究区埋藏史-热史-生烃史,认为苏里格气田西区盒8段天然气为一期成藏,成藏期可依据伴生盐水包裹体均一温度分布特征划分为初始充注期和主充注期2个阶段。初始充注期伴生盐水包裹体均一温度区间为90～120℃,对应于220～160 Ma的中三叠世末—中侏罗世末,主充注期伴生盐水包裹体均一温度区间为120～170℃,对应于160～100 Ma的晚侏罗世—早白垩世末。     

贵州省锦屏县八克金矿流体包裹体地球化学研究

贵州省锦屏县八克金矿流体包裹体以原生包裹体为主,少量次生包裹体。包裹体大小在2-10μm之间,个别大于10μm;以含CO2三相包裹体为主,其次气液两相包裹体,少量纯CO2包裹体;成矿流体包裹体的均一温度集中在240℃-300℃,气液两相包裹体平均盐度4.29 wt%NaC l-6.51 wt%NaC l,密度为0.75 g/cm3-0.92 g/cm3,三相包裹体平均盐度:1.91 wt%NaC l-5.11 wt%NaC l,密度为0.62 g/cm3-0.97 g/cm3,得出结论是八克金矿属于低盐度低密度的中温矿床。     

粤北302铀矿床成矿机制探讨——来自流体包裹体的证据

在对粤北302铀矿床岩相学研究的基础上,划分矿物生成世代,并对成矿期流体包裹体进行岩相学观察,得出成矿期流体包裹体主要有三种类型,按其成分划分为盐水包裹体、含CO2三相包裹体、纯CO2包裹体。盐水包裹体冰点温度为-0.8~-3.4℃,均一温度为106~254℃,盐度为2.39%~5.55%wtNa Cl equiv;含CO2三相包裹体充填度为20%~90%,均一温度为198~354℃,盐度为3.76%~9.24%wtNa Cl equiv;纯CO2包裹体均一温度为17.8~22.1℃。流体包裹体岩相学观察结合显微测温数据说明成矿流体经历过沸腾作用,其成矿温度大约在250℃,压力约为(1.0~1.1)×108Pa,流体沸腾作用可能是导致302铀矿床成矿的重要机制。     

新疆白干湖钨锡矿流体包裹体特征及成因

白干湖钨锡矿床位于新疆祁漫塔格加里东褶皱带的转折部位,是东昆仑西段1个较好的钨锡(金)矿区,对白干湖矿区主成矿阶段形成的含黑钨矿石英脉中发育的包裹体进行岩相学及测温研究.研究结果表明:矿区主要发育3类包裹体:气液两相水溶液包裹体(I)、水溶液-CO2三相包裹体(Ⅱ)以及纯CO2两相包裹体(Ⅲ);Ⅰ型包裹体液相组分主要为NaCl水溶液,含少量KCl,其均一温度变化范围为160-310℃,盐度为1.82％～16.43％;Ⅱ型水溶液-CO2三相包裹体气相组分含有CO2及CH4等组分,均一温度为247～320℃,w(NaCl)为2.8％～9.4％;Ⅲ型CO2两相包裹体含量较少,均一温度为19.8～27.7℃;白干湖钨锡矿床成矿流体为中低盐度、中高温的NaCl-H2O-CO2体系.在成矿过程中,由于温度及压力降低,流体发生相分离成为较高盐度的水溶液流体和较低盐度的富CO2流体,钨锡成矿物质趋向于富集在中高盐度水溶液相中,并导致白干湖钨锡矿的成矿作用.     

滇西宝兴厂铜、钼多金属矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征

通过对宝兴厂无矿化斑状花岗岩石英斑晶和煌斑岩石英脉、矿化阶段辉钼矿石英脉、黄铜矿-辉钼矿石英脉、黄铁矿-辉钼矿石英脉、黄铜矿-黄铁矿石英脉以及黄铁矿石英脉中流体包裹体岩相学、包裹体显微测温分析及包裹体成分的激光拉曼光谱分析.结果显示石英斑晶和石英脉原生包裹体中发育富气相包裹体和富液相包裹体2种类型.流体包裹体以中高温(a.v.250.7℃~450℃),中盐度(a.v.6.65%~10.78%NaCl.eqv)为特征,但是无矿化的石英流体包裹体温度和盐度较矿化阶段石英流体包裹体要高.矿化阶段的成矿流体捕获压力(3.90~13.4 MPa)及成矿深度(0.53~1.30 km)均显示该矿床形成于浅成的环境,与斑岩成矿系统一致.激光拉曼光谱分析表明,石英中流体包裹体的气相组分以水蒸汽为主,伴有少量的CO_2,液相成分中主要富含Na~+和Cl~-成矿流体,总体上属于NaCl-H_2O体系.综上所述,宝兴厂斑岩型铜钼多金属矿床流体包裹体特征与多阶段侵入体相关,暗示其成岩主要与金沙江—哀牢山一带岩浆作用有关,流体包裹体均一温度、盐度和流体成分的测试数据,代表着早期岩浆流体出溶与晚期对流循环的大气降水混合的热液事件.     

江西省德兴市渔塘金矿的流体包裹体研究

渔塘金矿位于扬子地块和华夏地块之间的新元古代江南造山带,属于德兴大型铜金矿集区.渔塘金矿成矿阶段石英脉中的流体包裹体可分为三类:H_2O-CO_2包裹体(Ⅰ型)、富CO_2包裹体(Ⅱ型)和水溶液包裹体(Ⅲ型).成矿前石英-黄铁矿脉主要含有Ⅰ型包裹体,CO_2含量较为一致,均一温度为345℃~383℃,盐度为2.0wt.%~6.5wt.%NaCl eq..在金成矿期脉体中,有三种类型的包裹体,并且气相比和CO_2含量变化较大,Ⅱ型包裹体的均一温度为275℃~314℃,盐度为1.8wt.%~4.8wt.%NaCl eq.;Ⅲ型包裹体的均一温度为278℃~354℃,盐度为4.2wt.%~9.6wt.%NaCl eq.;Ⅰ型包裹体的均一温度为290℃~363℃,盐度为1.0wt.%~5.5wt.%NaCl eq..成矿后石英-黄铁矿脉只包含Ⅲ型包裹体,以较低的温度和盐度为特征.因此成矿前为高温、富CO_2的富矿流体;在成矿期发生了不混溶作用,形成不同盐度的两种流体,导致流体具有较为一致的温度和不同的盐度,金主要在此阶段富集;成矿后流体具低温和贫CO_2的特征.渔塘金矿的成矿流体具有典型的不混溶特征,是典型的造山型金矿.     

贵州省天柱县地豆冲金矿流体包裹体特征研究

通过对流体包裹体镜下观察、温度和成分测定,获取贵州省天柱县地豆冲金矿石英包裹体以原生液体包裹体为主,大小3-16μm,气液比集中于5%-15%;流体包裹体的均一温度在142.3-307.1℃;流体盐度为2.74-10.11 wt%NaCl,密度为0.81-0.93 g/cm3,气相成分以H2O为主,含少量CO2、N2、CH4;成矿压力为265.25-451.67 bar,成矿深度为1001.43-1705.25 m.该矿床属成矿压力低的浅成中低温热液矿床,其成矿流体具低盐度、低密度的特征。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.