木贼属(Equisetum)木质部管状分子类型研究

用离析法观察比较了4种木贼属(Equisetum)植物根状茎和气生茎中木质部的管状分子类型,结果发现:这4个种植物的初生木质部中均具导管;在节与节间部的导管分子的形态存在显著差异:节部的导管分子主要是梯纹导管,粗短,常多个聚集成团束(fascicle),末端壁几乎与侧壁平行,穿孔板为梯状、网状和单穿孔板,同时,还发现有网状侧壁穿孔板;节间部的导管分子主要是环纹或螺纹导管,细长,末端壁倾斜或平齐,具梯状、网状和单穿孔板.     

百合科植物比较形态解剖学研究——Ⅱ、万年青、吉祥草、紫花玉簪、芦荟、吊兰后生木质部管状分子的比较解剖

根据V.L.Cheadla关于单子叶植物解剖性状演化观点,即(1)根、茎、叶中均存在导管较根、根状茎中具导管或仅根中有导管进化;(2)导管分子短而宽较导管分子长而细进化;(3)单穿孔板类型较梯状穿孔板类型高级,而梯状穿孔板模隔数越少越高级.用上述3条标准对百合科(Liliaceae)中铃兰族(Conval-lavrieae)万年青属(Robdea Roth)万年青(R.japonica(Thunb.)Roth),吉祥草属(Reineckja Kunth)吉祥草(R.carnea(Andr.)Kunth.);萱草族(Hemero ca-lleae)玉簪属(Hosta Tratt.)紫花玉簪(H。albo-marginata(Hook.)Ohwi)芦荟族(Aloeae)芦荟属(Aloe L.)芦荟(A.vera L.var.chinensis(Haw.)Berg.);吊兰族(Asphodeleae),吊兰属(Chlorophytum Ker-Gawl.)吊兰(C.comosum(Thunb.)Peker)等植物的后生木质部管状分子进行比较解剖研究.结果表明:吊兰、芦荟、紫花玉簪较吉祥草、万年青进化.     

桂花木质部导管分子形态学研究

运用离析和显微观测的方法,对桂花枝条木质部导管分子形态特征进行了研究.研究表明:桂花1至3年生枝条具多种类型的导管分子,主要类型为环纹和孔纹导管分子;大多数导管分子具有尾状结构,一端具尾或两端具尾,无尾导管分子较少;导管分子穿孔板类型为单穿孔,大多数穿孔板倾斜31°⁶0°;金桂与丹桂导管分子形态特征无明显差别,1至3年生枝条导管长度平均444.86μm,直径平均31.13μm,长度和直径随枝龄的增加而增大.     

5种蕨类植物木质部管状分子的研究

为研究蕨类植物木质部管状分子的类型及特点,分别对蕨(Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum)、银粉背蕨(Aleuritopteris argentea)、华北薄鳞蕨(Leptolepidium kuhnii)、荚果蕨(Matteuccia struthiopteris)和耳叶金毛裸蕨(Gymnopteris bipinnata var. auriculata) 5种蕨类的叶柄或根状茎维管束进行离析处理,并在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察和照相.结果显示: 1)5种蕨类植物中都有导管分子存在,耳叶金毛裸蕨除具有导管分子外,还有管胞; 2)导管分子普遍具有多穿孔板,穿孔板以梯状为主,偶有网状,但没有单穿孔板,各种蕨类的管状分子中都存在不同程度的纹孔膜残余; 3)蕨导管分子的端壁和侧壁分化明显,存在网状穿孔板,并具有纹孔二型性现象,以及多孔性纹孔膜和凹槽结构; 4)银粉背蕨叶柄导管分子的穿孔板有的与纹孔膜完整的壁相邻,根状茎导管分子的侧壁之间以"脊"状结构相隔; 5)华北薄鳞蕨叶柄导管分子中存在不连续穿孔板,根状茎管状分子的端壁和侧壁分化鲜明; 6)荚果蕨叶柄导管分子中存在网状-梯状混合型穿孔板; 7)耳叶金毛裸蕨叶柄中同时具有导管分子和管胞,导管分子的穿孔板有的与纹孔膜完整的壁相邻; 8)与被子植物相比,蕨类植物导管分子的特征在很大程度上体现了其原始性.     

蔷薇科9属12种代表植物导管类型的解剖学观察

初步研究了蔷薇科Rosaceae 9属12种代表植物的导管类型、数量及导管分子的长度、口径；纤维分子的长度、口径。结果表明：较进化的种类一般都是孔纹导管和网纹导管,较原始的种类一般都是环纹和螺纹导管；导管分子长度长的则导管口径小,导管分子长度短的则口径大；纤维分子长度普遍大于导管分子长度,而纤维分子的口径也普遍小于导管分子的口径。     

3种入侵杂草次生木质部的细胞结构

运用离析法和显微照相等技术,比较了黄顶菊、豚草、加拿大一枝黄花3种入侵植物茎和根中次生木质部细胞的特征。结果表明,3种入侵植物根、茎的次生木质部中孔纹和网纹导管分子较多,具多尾性,单穿孔板,少数导管分子还具侵填体等特征,这都在一定程度上说明3种植物在系统进化中占有较高的地位。同一种植物中茎的导管分子平均长度长于根中,平均宽度宽于根中,且均达极显著差异;同一种植物的茎中和根中导管分子的长度、宽度并不一定有一致性。管胞细胞、纤维细胞的平均长度和宽度在3种植物间均未表现出一定的规律性。这些现象都说明植物为了更好的适应不同的生活环境而形成了一定的结构。     

珍稀植物银鹊树木材解剖学观察

通过对银鹊树(TapisiciasinensisOliv.)的木材解剖学研究,结果表明其木材解剖学特点的结构类型为非叠生型,导管类型有螺纹、梯纹、孔纹,穿孔板类型为梯状穿孔板,射线呈单列异型射线、多列异型射线。     

云南省水莲属(Manglietia BI.)八种植物的木材解剖

对中国云南省木莲属的大果木莲、红花木莲、亮叶木莲、大叶木莲、粗枝木莲、密脉木莲、锈毛木莲、薄叶水莲等8种植物的木材进行了解剖特征的研究,其中粗枝木莲又密脉木莲的导管分子端壁具有单穿孔,密脉木莲导管分子内壁有螺纹加厚,并在大果木莲和亮叶木莲发现傍管的薄壁组织。     

华中五味子根、茎次生木质部的比较解剖

对华中五味子根、茎次生木质部的观察表明,其根、茎次生木质部的解剖特征基本相同:散孔材;导管分子相对较长,其末端略倾斜,单穿孔;侧壁纹孔类型为梯状具缘纹孔和单纹孔,梯状、对列或互列;仅具纤维管胞,无韧型纤维;木薄壁组织离管型和傍管型;木射线均存在异形Ⅱ型.华中五味子次生木质部既表现出明显的原始特征,如散孔材,导管分子相对较长,单孔率高,梯状具缘纹孔,仅具纤维管胞,无韧型纤维,木射线为异形Ⅱ型;同时又表现出一些较为进化的特征,如导管分子以单穿孔为主,端壁倾斜度较小,单纹孔,木薄壁组织傍管型,说明五味子科是最原始类群中进化程度较高的类群.与根相比,华中五味子茎的次生木质部导管短宽,导管分布频率大,单孔率高,纤维短而窄,射线短而窄.茎次生木质部的这种“小型化”与其特定的功能和生境相适应.     

巴东金丝猴国家级自然保护区不同土地利用方式下的植物多样性

选取湖北省巴东金丝猴国家级自然保护区不同退耕年限的6种土地利用类型的样地进行了植物多样性调查.通过Jaccard相似性指数、Gleason丰富度指数比较,分析了不同退耕年限对群落植物多样性丰度和组成的影响.结果表明:研究样地退耕后的植物群落大致经历了白车轴草、鸭儿芹群落→杂草类群落→毛茛群落→山酢浆草群落4种群落类型的演替.退耕50年的样地与未耕种过的自然生境的物种组成相似度最高,Jaccard相似性指数值为0.3,退耕5~6年的样地与未耕种过的自然生境的物种组成相似度最低,Jaccard相似性指数值为0.021.各种地类的植物Gleason多样性丰富度从大到小依次为未耕种过50年30年20年10年5~6年.该研究可为巴东金丝猴国家级自然保护区合理利用土地、采取有效措施保护生物多样性提供一定的参考依据.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.