恒定导通时间控制Buck变换器电感和负载电阻的稳定性机理

恒定导通时间(constant on-time,COT)控制Buck变换器的稳定性不仅受输出电容等效串联电阻(equivalent series resistance,ESR)的影响,还受电感和负载电阻的影响。为了研究电感和负载电阻的稳定性机理,建立了COT控制Buck变换器的分段线性模型。利用分岔图、特征根轨迹研究了输出电容ESR较小时COT控制Buck变换器随电感和负载电阻变化时的动力学特性。结果表明,随着电感减小或负载电阻增大,Buck变换器由阵发混沌状态经边界碰撞分岔进入到稳定的电感电流断续导电模式(discontinuous conduction mode,DCM)周期1状态。进一步,推导了确保变换器稳定工作的电感和负载电阻的临界表达式。最后,数值仿真和理论分析得到了实验结果的验证。研究结果可以有效地指导COT控制Buck变换器的电路参数设计。     

零电流开关Buck变换器混沌现象的研究

鉴于软开关DC/DC变换器的应用越来越广泛,由于谐振元件的存在使得变换器的混沌现象变得复杂.本文以Buck ZCS PWM变换器为具体研究对象.借鉴采用模块化的思想,简化了电压反馈控制方式零电流开关 Buck变换器工作状态的分析,建立了变换器不连续导电模式下的系统离散混沌数学模型,为进一步的理论分析和模拟仿真打下基础.根据系统稳定性判据确定了稳定工作区域,得出主要元件参数的稳定工作范围,设计了电压反馈控制Buck变换器的仿真电路,仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

断续导通模式的Buck变换器反步滑模控制

为进一步提高Buck变换器的控制性能,针对Buck变换器的非线性特性,考虑其在电感电流断续导通模式下的数学模型,采用反步滑模法设计了闭环控制器.基于系统生成器提出了数字控制器的实现方法,分析了其负载扰动和电源扰动特性.与PI控制方式相比较,在Buck变换器的启动阶段,采用反步滑模控制器的系统输出电压的上升速度快、调节时间短、超调小,当Buck变换器的负载和电源参数发生突变时,反步滑模控制的输出电压能够及时调整、扰动幅度小.比较结果表明反步滑模控制的优越性和SG设计开发的有效性,为现场可编程门阵列实现Buck变换器的数字控制器提供了新的设计流程,也为进一步研究其它直流-直流变换器的非线性控制提供了新思路.     

基于Buck变换器T-S模型的模糊滑模控制器的设计

为了解决Buck变换器非线性特征在控制器设计中带来的困难,在电感电流连续模式下,构建了Buck变换器的T-S模糊模型;同时考虑到系统参数摄动和外部扰动等因素,在T-S模糊模型的基础上,利用Lyapunov函数方法和线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法构造全局模糊滑模面,并设计模糊滑模控制器.仿真结果表明:应用模糊滑模控制器的Buck变换器的上升时间和调节时间均在15ms左右,跟踪效果好,抗扰性强,具有良好的动态性能.     

Buck型DC-DC变换器终端滑模PD控制设计

为进一步提高Buck型DC-DC变换器的稳态性能和动态性能,将PD控制引入到Buck型DC-DC变换器终端滑模控制环节。通过基尔霍夫定律建立Buck电路的状态空间模型,实现Buck型变换器的基本电压调节功能,用PD控制优化终端滑模的滑模面形式,设计终端滑模控制器,使之满足Lyapunov稳定方程,并在Matlab中仿真对比分析终端滑模和终端滑模PD控制器下Buck电路的性能。仿真结果表明,所设计的终端滑模PD控制器具有良好的鲁棒性、稳定性和动态性能。与单纯的终端滑模控制相比,输出电压更接近于理想输出电压,具有更小的超调量和响应时间。     

基于PID控制的Buck变换器仿真系统设计

建立了Buck变换器和PID控制算法的数学模型,在此模型基础上,运用C#语言设计了基于PID控制的Buck变换器仿真系统.该系统与普通的仿真系统相比,可方便地修改仿真参数,且能够形象、直观地看出改变PID参数对Buck变换器输出电压的影响,节约了实际调试的时间.     

基于PID控制的Buck变换器仿真系统设计

建立了Buck变换器和PID控制算法的数学模型,在此模型基础上,运用C#语言设计了基于PID控制的Buck变换器仿真系统.该系统与普通的仿真系统相比,可方便地修改仿真参数,且能够形象、直观地看出改变PID参数对Buck变换器输出电压的影响,节约了实际调试的时间.     

Buck变换器线性参数变化模型的增益调度控制

针对开关变换器的输出电压极易受到输入电压或者负载波动的影响,提出一种建立在Buck变换器线性参数变化(LPV)模型基础上的增益调度控制策略.首先,将Buck变换器的小信号模型转换成以负载电阻和输入电压作为变参数的LPV模型,基于LPV的凸分解方法,利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)技术对凸多面体各顶点分别设计满足H∞和闭环极点配置的反馈控制器,再插值各顶点所设计的反馈控制器,综合得到具有多面体结构的LPV控制器.该方法在线计算量小,容易实现.最后,通过仿真验证了设计方法的有效性,与传统的鲁棒控制策略的控制器相比,所设计的LPV控制器受Buck变换器中输入电压和负载电阻波动影响较小,具有更好的控制性能.     

复合储能源Boost变换器建模及多项式控制

为提高用电设备所需的快速动态响应特性及变换器工作可靠性,采用多项式控制方法,研究复合电源储能系统Buck/Boost变换器的控制策略.分析了复合电源两通道交错并联磁集成Buck/Boost变换器的Boost工作模态,采用扰动法建立变换器动态小信号模型,得到占空比到电感电流的开环传递函数.设计了多项式能量管理控制器并对其参数进行整定.研究结果表明:多项式控制策略与传统PI控制方式相比,更能优化控制主电源与辅助电源间的功率分配,提高了控制系统的稳定性及动态特性.研究结论有助于双向变换系统有效控制的实现.     

直流变换器的区域极点配置鲁棒PID控制算法

为提高直流变换器对干扰及不确定因素的鲁棒性,提出了一种基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的鲁棒PID控制器算法.PID控制器的参数应用区域极点配置(RPA)的方法来整定.考虑受控系统需对干扰具有鲁棒性,将PID控制和H_∞控制相结合,以LMI形式给出H_∞PID控制器的可解性条件.设计的控制器使得闭环系统满足闭环极点分布在指定区域内以获得期望的动态特性,以及对外部噪声的抑制具有最大H_∞鲁棒性能界.此外,该控制器设计方法也可应用于参数不确定的多胞型直流变换器系统.Buck变换器的确定和不确定系统的仿真实验验证了该控制算法的正确性和有效性.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.