CrCl_3/PVP纳米纤维催化葡萄糖制备5-羟甲基糠醛的研究

通过静电纺丝制备CrCl_3/PVP纳米纤维作为催化剂,在四乙基氯化铵(TEAC)反应体系中,考察催化剂、反应温度、反应时间等条件对葡萄糖制备5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)产率的影响。实验结果表明,CrCl_3/PVP纳米纤维作为催化剂具有良好的催化效果,以TEAC为溶剂,当反应温度为120℃、反应时间20min,催化剂用量为葡萄糖质量10%时,果糖制备HMF的产率可达65.6%。     

乙醇中镧盐催化果糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛的研究

以乙醇为反应溶剂,镧盐为催化剂催化果糖制备5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)进行了初步研究.乙醇作为反应溶剂时,5-HMF产率远高于以水作为反应溶剂.氯化镧与硝酸镧相比具有更好的催化活性.提高催化剂浓度可以增大果糖转化为5-HMF的速率,但是对5-HMF的最大产率影响较小.随着反应温度的提高,果糖转化为5-HMF的速率增大,...     

改性分子筛催化果糖脱水制5-羟甲基糠醛

采用离子交换法制备Sn、Cu、Fe改性的SAPO-34分子筛,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射仪(XRD)、N_2物理吸附、NH_3程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)和X线荧光光谱仪(XRF)对改性后的催化剂进行形貌和结构表征。将改性前后的催化剂用于果糖脱水制5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)反应中,考察反应时间、反应介质、催化剂使用量对产物产率的影响。结果表明:改性后的样品表面聚集了无定形颗粒,结晶度、孔容和酸性有所下降;以Sn-SAPO-34作为催化剂,在30 mL二甲基亚砜溶剂中添加0.25 g催化剂、1 g果糖,反应1 h后,转化率可达99.5%,5-HMF的产率为47.7%。在最优条件下将催化剂重复使用5次,产率有所下降,经过分离焙烧后再使用,产率可恢复至原来的水平。     

双相体系中催化碳水化合物水解制备5-羟甲基糠醛（英文）

采用廉价催化剂硅酸铝盐与痕量的盐酸组合,在双相体系中催化碳水化合物有效地转化制备5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)。葡萄糖在水/正丁醇两相体系中在453 K下反应30min达到了100%的转化率,并可以获得61.5%产率的HMF。同时,在双相体系中在453 K下反应40min能有效地转化多糖(蔗糖、麦芽糖、淀粉和纤维素)制备HMF。此外,硅酸铝盐可以多次重复使用,试验中重复5次以上其活性没有明显下降。本催化体系在碳水化合物转化制备生物燃料和化学品领域具有很好的成本效益和商业应用潜力。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化降解硝基甲苯类废水的试验研究

采用纳米TiO2悬浮体系在循环式光催化反应器中处理硝基甲苯类废水,考察了TiO2投加量,H2O2投加量和pH值对光催化降解效率的影响.结果表明:2,6-二硝基甲苯和4-硝基甲苯的初始浓度分别为100mg/L和60mg/L,TiO2投加量为0.1g/L,H2O2投加量为0.1ml/L,pH值为3时,光催化反应2h,2,6-二硝基甲苯和4-硝基甲苯的去除率最高,分别为58.8%和68.6%.硝基甲苯浓度不高时,光催化降解反应符合准一级动力学方程.     

TiO_2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的研究

以高压汞灯为光源,研究了TiO2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的动力学规律,并考察了苯酚初 始质量浓度、催化剂投加量、溶液pH值、光强等对苯酚光解速率的影响.研究结果表明:该反应过 程可以用Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)动力学方程描述;在一定条件下,催化剂的投加量、溶液 pH值均存在一最佳值;各因素对光催化降解苯酚反应影响的重要性排列顺序是,光照时间>pH 值>光照强度>TiO2投加量.     

TiO2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的研究

以高压汞灯为光源,研究了TiO2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的动力学规律,并考察了苯酚初始质量浓度、催化剂投加量、溶液pH值、光强等对苯酚光解速率的影响.研究结果表明该反应过程可以用Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)动力学方程描述;在一定条件下,催化剂的投加量、溶液pH值均存在一最佳值;各因素对光催化降解苯酚反应影响的重要性排列顺序是,光照时间＞pH值＞光照强度＞TiO2投加量.     

水相中离子液体[ADPQ][BF_4]催化“一锅法”合成四氢苯并[b]吡喃

目的:制备1种以4-氨基奎宁为基础的离子液体,催化3组分一锅法制备四氢苯并吡喃的反应.方法:以水为溶剂,反应底物为芳香醛、活性亚甲基化合物和双甲酮.结果:最佳反应条件为:催化剂用量为芳香醛摩尔量的15%,反应温度为60℃,以水做溶剂.在此条件下,尝试的底物反应时间均在2 h内,收率为83%~96%.结论:该催化体系反应条件温和,时间短,收率高,反应后处理简单,催化剂重复使用4次催化效果变化不大.     

纳米TiO2光催化氧化苯甲酸

采用DegussaP-25 TiO2悬浮体系,以紫外灯(λmax=254 nm)为光源,考察苯甲酸光催化氧化中溶液初始pH值、催化剂质量浓度、初始苯甲酸质量浓度、H2O2投加量对光催化氧化速率的影响,并对苯甲酸的光催化氧化过程进行了动力学分析.结果表明:苯甲酸的光催化氧化过程可采用准一级动力学模型;在pH=3.5时光催化氧化效果最佳,当催化剂质量浓度为0.05 g/L时,总有机碳去除率为87.2%;催化剂质量浓度大于0.1 g/L时,在反应初始阶段吸附作用为主要控制因素,但是随着反应的进行,传质和光源的利用率成为主要控制因素;随着苯甲酸质量浓度的增加,反应由一级向零级过渡;外加H2O2能够提高反应速率,其最佳投加量为1.5 mg/L.     

相转移催化法合成4-羟甲基二苯甲酮

以4-甲基二苯甲酮为原料,经卤代、相转移催化水解反应合成有机中间体4-羟甲基二苯甲酮,并对其反应的工艺条件进行研究.研究结果表明:N-溴代丁二酰亚胺为较好的卤化剂,生成4-溴甲基二苯甲酮的产率为70.7%;4-溴甲基二苯甲酮以三乙基苄基氯化铵作相转移催化剂在碱性条件下水解,反应5 h后,目标化合物产率为84.4%;初产品用四氢呋喃重结晶后,最终产品纯度可达99%;经元素分析以及红外光谱、质谱和氢核磁共振谱表征,其结构为4-羟甲基二苯甲酮.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.