荷载作用下老采空区上方地表移动变形规律的数值模拟研究

利用数值模拟方法,分析了开采深度和松散层厚度对采空区地表移动及变形量的影响,系统地讨论了地表移动变形规律.试验结果表明:地表残余下沉量和变形量随着开采深度的增大而减小,随着松散层厚度的增大而增大.     

基于多项式法的地表移动变形计算模型修正

针对基于概率积分法的地表移动变形值计算结果误差较大,评价煤层开采后上覆构筑物危险性存在安全风险的难题.依据地表下沉值与其它移动变形值之间的计算原理关系,结合煤层开采后地表移动变形计算结果和实测结果,该文提出了利用多项式法对计算模型进行修正的方法,构建基于概率积分法和多项式法相叠加的地表移动变形值计算模型.以某矿已采工作面地表下沉值实测数据为例,研究结果表明：计算模型修正后得到的地表下沉值与实测结果之间的误差范围仅为0.1～0.4 m,极大的减小了计算模型的误差范围.     

Excel在采煤沉陷区地表变形监测资料分析中的应用

研究在Excel环境下使用VBA开发变形监测资料分析软件,并对某矿9000工作面变形监测资料进行了初步分析,得到了地表变形的下沉曲线、下沉速度曲线、倾斜曲线、水平移动曲线及地表下沉与开采关系图,在分析图形的基础上初步得到了9000工作面开采沉陷规律,最后总结了这种开发方式的优势和特点。     

不同覆岩地层正断层下盘煤层开采地表下沉规律

断层破坏覆岩地层的整体性,影响岩土体的强度特性和变形性质,导致开采沉陷规律更为复杂。为研究不同覆岩地层与正断层共同影响下煤层开采地表沉陷规律,构建不同覆岩地层正断层下盘煤层开采覆岩运动与地表变形的理论模型,数值模拟分析不同覆岩地层正断层下盘煤层开采地表下沉规律与特征,结合实例进行了对比分析。结果表明：地表移动变形范围与松散层厚度密切相关,随松散层厚度的增加,相较于无断层一侧,地表下沉盆地在断层一侧的移动变形范围先减小后扩大再减小,最终与无断层一侧相同;厚基岩地质条件下,随松散层厚度增加,地表产生裂缝的位置由断层露头先向采空区偏移后向断层上盘偏移;厚松散层地质条件下,松散层吸收了断层诱发的非连续变形,随松散层厚度增加,地表由偏态下沉盆地逐渐变为对称的下沉盆地。     

下沉速度法研究地表移动变形分布规律

在地质采矿条件变化不大时，从地表点的下沉速度出发，取随开采工作面一起移动的动坐标建立动坐标系，研究地表点下沉速度的分布规律，得到地表下沉速度分布曲线，并对地表点在整个下沉时间过程的速度曲线进行积分，得到动态地表主断面上的地表下沉分布公式，并在此基础上经过一系列转换，得到地表任意点下沉、倾斜、曲率、水平移动、水平变形公式。公式简单，便于应用。     

厚煤层条带法开采覆岩移动和变形规律模拟

为解决厚煤层条带开采覆岩移动和变形规律问题,采用相似材料模拟试验的方法对厚煤层三维条带综放开采进行研究,分析覆岩及地表的移动与变形规律,确定岩层内部的各移动角值,地表沉降系数等.研究结果表明:地表沉降呈现出走向、倾向主断面相对称的下沉趋势,地表形成了单一均匀的下沉盆地;三维相似材料物理模型试验能够较全面地反映出原型覆岩的各种变形、移动、应力、应变的变化规律,为实际开采提供了可靠依据.     

开采沉陷动态预计流变模型及应用

通过对采场覆岩移动变形规律进行研究，从流变力学角度，给出地表下沉时间位移函数，并结合实测资料对有关参数进行回归分析，运用推导公式与实测资料进行了结果对比，总结出符合大同矿区地表动态下沉经验公式。提出地表下沉推迟时间tr的概念，可作为划分开采沉陷剧烈程度的量化指标。     

张集煤矿11418(W)工作面开采地面沉陷演化规律

依据张集煤矿11418(W)工作面地表移动变形观测站实测数据,运用概率积分法和拟合曲线法求取下沉系数、水平移动、拐点偏移距等地表移动变形参数,获得张集煤矿8煤层开采地质采矿条件下的下沉量大、速度快、稳定快且具有突变性等地表移动变形演化规律及新特征,为地表沉陷范围和影响程度的确定提供可靠依据.     

山区开采沉陷地表移动变形规律

为研究山区煤炭资源采空区地表沉陷移动规律,提高山区矿山地质环境影响评价工作精度,采用对塌陷地层工程地质条件、塌陷过程模拟再现的实验的方法,研究模拟地层及地表塌陷变形规律.研究结果表明:山区采空塌陷下沉曲线拐点位置会向山坡上升方向偏移,地表裂缝大小和分布特征与地表凹凸变化有关,地面坡度、表土层厚度和性质决定地表移动变形的大小和剧烈程度.研究结论初步得出地表岩层呈现出L型断裂的条件有利于指导煤矿安全开采,提出的地下采空区地表移动变形规律有助于支撑矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理.     

厚松散层下开采覆岩及地表移动变形规律试验研究

煤炭开采保障了我国能源供应,同时也因采空造成了地表变形沉降。针对厚松散层下开采覆岩及地表移动变形问题,依托兖州矿区某庄煤矿地质背景,采用模型试验,监测研究了采动过程中地表及各层覆岩移动变形指标的变化规律,探索了采掘结束后的持续变形阶段,指出受采动影响松散层压缩导致的移动变形值在整体移动变形上占比增大;在煤层采厚2.2m条件下,观测获得采后地表的最大下沉值为1447.6mm,最大水平移动值为394.6mm。研究结果对矿区工程建设用地及线路规划选址具有一定的实用意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.