淮河上中游年径流变化特性分析

基于淮河干流上游、中游4个水文站1951-2010年径流资料,采用累积距平、mann-kendall非参数检验法对淮河径流年际变化的趋势性及突变型进行研究;采用小波分析法对淮河径流变化特征进行研究,讨论淮河流域不同时间尺度下的丰、枯交替变化周期规律.研究结果表明:淮河流域径流量年纪丰枯变化剧烈,年径流序列在1956年均出现突变,1956-1961年、1975-1979年、1991-1995年处于下降趋势,2001-2008年处于上升趋势;在第1主周期27年尺度上,年径流量共经历了3个丰、枯水期变换,平均变换周期为17年左右.     

变化环境下岩溶区流域径流变化特征研究

基于岩溶区流域—平塘站1963年至2014年的年径流深资料,采用线性趋势、滑动秩和检验和Morlet小波分析等方法研究了变化环境下平塘站径流深的趋势、突变和周期特征,并运用R/S分析法预测径流深未来的变化趋势。结果表明:近52a来平塘站年径流深和雨季径流深均呈现减少趋势,分别在1998年和2008年发生了突变,均存在第一、第二和第三主周期,分别为20a、6a和3a,在未来都有持续减少趋势;枯季径流深呈现微弱增加趋势,在1987年和1991年发生了突变,第一、第二和第三主周期分别为24a、9a和5a,在未来有持续增加趋势。     

近50年开封市降水变化特征的小波分析

利用Morlet小波分析了1961—2010年开封市年降水量距平的小波变化特征,揭示开封市降水量变化的多时间尺度结构.结果表明:开封市年降水量存在多时间尺度的周期变化特征,有6个特征明显的时间尺度,分别是1~2 a、3~4 a、5 a、7 a、9~12 a和15~18 a.其中5 a、7 a、9~12 a和15~18 a的时间尺度在整个时域内都很明显,年际尺度的主周期为7 a,年代际尺度主周期为10 a;开封市降水变化还表现出突变的特点;近50年来,开封市年降水量气候倾向率为6 mm/10 a,年降水量呈增多趋势,未来2~3年内年降水量将处于一个偏多期.     

基于小波的三江源年径流变化的周期性分析及趋势预测

为了研究三江源径流演变规律,用小波分析方法对三江源唐乃亥、直门达、香达站52年(1956-2007)径流时间序列变化进行了多尺度周期性分析.每个站都有各自的径流丰枯变化周期,三个站作为组成三江源的整体又有共同的周期变化特性.从小波变换时频分布图中得出以下结论:唐乃亥站表现为23年、18年、8年、4年尺度周期变化,直门达站为23年、17年、9年、7年尺度周期变化,香达站为23年、16年、8年尺度周期变化.经小波方差图对主要周期的检验,证明前述结论是正确的.可以看出,三个站表现出了23年的共同周期,同时具有唐乃亥站18年、直门达站17年、香达站16年的近似周期,并且唐乃亥站和香达站有8年的共同周期(直门达站为9年).1956-2007年间,直门达9年尺度下径流变化趋势与香达8年尺度下径流变化趋势非常相似.研究还表明,三个站径流表现出了一致的变化趋势,即2007年以后一段时间内径流还将处于偏丰期,一般持续到2009年,2010-2014年径流将处于偏枯阶段.     

利用周期性预测未来百年中国气温变化

全球变暖是目前最为重大全球变化事件,全球变暖的未来趋势是关注的焦点之一,过去全球变化的研究,为预测未来气候变化提供了背景资料.采用中国全新世百年分辨率气温集成序列,利用傅立叶分析技术进行周期分析,并结合全新世环境记录的研究结果,以6000a、4000a、3000a、2400a、1200a、1091a、1000a、923a和706a做为自然变率的谐波准周期,对集成序列进行拟合,结果表明：拟合序列与集成气温变化趋势基本一致,能较好的拟合全新世百年尺度冷暖变率,对集成序列的方差解释量达到81%.并利用周期外延的方法预测了未来百年尺度的气温自然变率,未来500年气温将呈现下降趋势,在2300～2400AD气温较现代低1℃左右.太阳因素与全新世气候的周期性变化关系显著,但太阳驱动气候变化的模式复杂,在千-百年尺度利用太阳活动来预测未来气温具有不确定性.     

The Preliminary Study of Holocene Temperature Centennial scale Natural Variability

全球变暖是目前最为重大全球变化事件,全球变暖的未来趋势是关注的焦点之一,过去全球变化的研究,为预测未来气候变化提供了背景资料.采用中国全新世百年分辨率气温集成序列,利用傅立叶分析技术进行周期分析,并结合全新世环境记录的研究结果,以6000a、4000a、3000a、2400a、1200a、1091a、1000a、923a和706a做为自然变率的谐波准周期,对集成序列进行拟合,结果表明：拟合序列与集成气温变化趋势基本一致,能较好的拟合全新世百年尺度冷暖变率,对集成序列的方差解释量达到81%.并利用周期外延的方法预测了未来百年尺度的气温自然变率,未来500年气温将呈现下降趋势,在2300～2400AD气温较现代低1℃左右.太阳因素与全新世气候的周期性变化关系显著,但太阳驱动气候变化的模式复杂,在千-百年尺度利用太阳活动来预测未来气温具有不确定性.     

广西北部湾入海流域径流演变特征及其对气候变化和人类活动的响应

为探讨入海流域径流的演变特征，定量分析气候变化和人类活动对入海流域径流的影响，本文基于气象数据和径流数据，采用彭曼公式、滑动t检验、Hurst指数和小波分析等方法对比分析广西北部湾入海流域径流深的时空演变特征和未来趋势，并采用累积量斜率变化率比较法定量评估气候变化和人类活动对广西北部湾入海流域径流深变化的贡献率。结果表明：广西北部湾入海流域径流深空间分布格局分异较大，北仑河流域和防城江流域多年平均径流深较大，分别为2 115.58 mm和2 105.56 mm；径流深较小的是钦江流域和南流江流域，多年平均径流深分别为719.33 mm和744.50 mm。仅钦江流域径流深呈不显著上升趋势，其余流域均为下降趋势。广西北部湾入海流域各流域径流深的突变年份呈现一致性，均在1992年和2003年附近。在演变周期上，钦江流域、南流江流域、大风江流域、防城江流域、北仑河流域的历年年均径流深演化过程中存在2-6 a、7-15 a和16-24 a 3种时间尺度的周期变化规律，丰、枯交替变化比较明显；茅岭江流域径流深的周期震荡变化稍有不同，存在7-24 a和25 a以上两种时间尺度的周期变化规律。T2时期相对于T1时期，降水是广西北部湾入海径流变化的主导因素，人类活动次之，蒸散发对径流的影响极小；但随着时间推移，T3时期相对于T2时期，人类活动对径流的影响作用增强，蒸散发对径流的影响也相对增强。     

秦淮河流域汛期气候变化及其对径流的潜在影响

采用小波分析法和Mann-Kendall非参数检验方法,分析了1961~2013年秦淮河流域汛期气温和降水序列的趋势和周期变化特征以及2000~2013年流域汛期气温、降水及径流的变化趋势。结果表明,近50多年来秦淮河流域汛期气温和降水都呈上升趋势;但只有气温的M-K检测结果通过了显著性检验,表明汛期气温变化显著,而降水变化不显著。汛期气温存在5、9和15 a的变化周期,汛期降水存在10、14、24 a的变化周期。2000~2013年流域汛期气温、降水和径流呈上升趋势;但其M-K检验结果均未通过显著性检验,表明近10 a来汛期气候变化不显著,且汛期径流变化也不明显。     

梅江流域1958—2000年径流量变化特征分析

基于梅江流域尖山、水口、横山水文站19582000年实测径流量数据,运用统计分析法分析梅江流域径流量的年内变化特征,采用Mann-Kendall（M-K）法、R/S分析法和Morlet小波分析法分析其年际变化特征．研究表明:（1）19582000年,梅江流域径流主要集中于59月,最大月径流量在6月,最小月径流量在1月,且越往下游9月份的径流峰值越明显;（2）梅江径流量整体呈现增长趋势,从上游到下游径流增长趋势越来越明显,除了秋季外,春夏冬三季增长率从上游往下游不断下降;（3）流域径流在19721978年之间发生突变;（4）梅江流域年径流有4、9、18 a准周期,且主要表现为大尺度上的周期性,根据径流的主周期18 a推测,梅江流域整个时间序列上的年径流呈现多-少-多-少-多-少的循环交替特征,推测20002018年将一直处于少径流期,R/S分析法检测结果也表明在未来一段时间内径流可能会减少．     

近60年营口地区气温变化多时间尺度分析

根据近60年的逐日气温资料,采用线性拟合、小波变换、Mann-Kendall突变检验和R/S分析等方法分析了营口地区的气温变化。结果表明：近60年营口地区年平均气温呈上升趋势,气温倾向率为0.32℃/10a;四季平均气温上升速度存在差异,倾向率分别为0.42℃/10a、0.17℃/10a、0.23℃/10a、0.47℃/10a。年平均气温存在准2a、4a、6～7a和16a左右的显著变化周期,其中4a和16a左右周期振荡能量强大,时域中4a年际尺度变化表现在1980年以后,而16a年代际尺度振荡主要表现在1970年以前。显著偏暖年出现在1998年和2007 年,1976年为冷夏,2007年出现暖冬。年平均气温在20世纪80年代末发生突变。预计未来一段时期营口地区气温变化依然保持增暖趋势,春季和冬季的增温尤其显著。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.