固体超强酸SO~(2-)_4/SnO_2催化合成顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯

以顺丁烯二酸酐和异辛醇为原料,用一种高活性的固体超强酸S O24-/SnO 2催化剂催化合成了顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯,研究了酯化反应的优化条件。当n(异辛醇):n(顺丁烯二酸酐)为2.8:1;催化剂用量为酐质量的1.0%时,反应时间120 min,反应温度145℃,顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯的收率达到98.7%。同时对用H2SO4和对甲苯磺酸催化该反应作了比较。     

异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯合成

以异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚、P2O5 为主要原料 ,合成异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯 ,探讨了原料摩尔比、酯化温度、酯化时间、水解方式和时间对酯化反应影响 ,确定了最佳工艺条件。异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚 (n=4)与P2O5 的摩尔比为3.5:1,酯化温度65℃ ,酯化时间3h ,水解0.5h ,该条件下合成产品酯化率达96 % ,产品耐碱性大于200g/L,沉降时间小于10s。     

硫酸高铈催化合成氯乙酸丙酯

以硫酸高铈催化氯乙酸与丙醇酯化反应合成了氯乙酸丙酯.较适宜的反应条件为：氯乙酸50mmol,n（氯乙酸）：n（丙醇）=1：1.5,ω（催化剂）=2.7%,环己烷2.0mL,于95℃～110℃反应2h,酯化率达到97.35%.     

茯苓菌丝体多糖硫酸酯化衍生物的制备及结构分析

目的 :探讨茯苓菌丝体多糖硫酸酯化的适宜条件 ,为进行生物活性的研究奠定基础。方法 :从茯苓菌丝体中得到的一种α ( 1→ 3 ) D 葡聚糖 (ab PCM3 I) ,采用氯磺酸 吡啶作为酯化试剂 ,研究反应温度、时间及反应物的摩尔比对硫酸酯化过程的影响。结果 :得到一系列水溶性的硫酸酯化茯苓菌丝体多糖 (S1-ab-PCM3 -I～S5 -ab -PCM 3 -I) ,经元素分析测定其取代度为 0 .3 9～ 0 .67。用凝胶渗透色谱和光散射联用法 (GPC -LLS)测定硫酸酯化衍生物的分子量为 2 .0× 10 4 ～ 11.3× 10 4 ,仅为原多糖分子量的 4%～ 17%。结论 :硫酸酯化反应打断了α ( 1→ 3 ) D 葡聚糖的分子链     

稀土固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-CeO2催化合成乳酸丙酯的研究

为了探讨α-羟基酸酯化反应机理,制备了一种稀土固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/TiO2-CeO2,并对其催化合成乳酸丙酯的最适宜反应条件和催化反应动力学进行了研究.实验表明:Ce4 改性的钛系固体超强酸催化剂与单纯使用稀土硫酸盐或钛系固体超强酸相比,具有更高的催化活性;以苯为带水剂,在酸醇摩尔比为n(乳酸)∶n(正丙醇)=1∶2.0的条件下,催化剂用量为1.0 g.0.1 mol-1(乳酸),反应温度为120℃,反应时间120 min,酯化率达到了96.5%.     

SO42-促进铈改性SBA-15分子筛催化合成乙酸正丁酯

采用一步法制备了铈改性SBA-15分子筛(Ce-SBA-15),进一步用硫酸浸渍处理改性分子筛以增强分子筛表面的酸活性中心.以改性材料为催化剂催化合成乙酸正丁酯,考察了催化剂的制备条件.实验结果表明,将铈改性SBA-15分子筛以1 mol/L硫酸浸渍后,在500℃条件下焙烧3 h,用于合成乙酸正丁酯,反应2h后,酯化率可达到97.28%.     

Al-β沸石催化合成乙酸辛酯

用不同浓度的AlCl3溶液将Si/Al比为50的β沸石进行离子交换得4种改性Al-β沸石,并对β-沸石及改质沸石的表面酸量和酸强度进行了表征.用0.2mol.l AlCl3进行离子交换的Al-β沸石的表面酸量和酸强度最大,催化活性最高.利用Al-β沸石分子筛作催化剂.对乙酸和辛醇的酯化反应进行了研究,考查了催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应时间等对乙酸辛酯的酯化产率的影响;适宜的反应条件为:n(醇)/n(酸)为1.0:1.4,催化剂用量6g/mol辛醇,反应时间1.5h.酯化率达92%以上.     

SO2-4/TiO2-Al2O3催化均四甲苯氧化副产物与异辛醇反应

以均四甲苯氧化反应副产物预处理后得到的混合酸和异辛醇为原料,在固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-Al2O3作用下进行合成混合酯的研究.考察了催化剂用量、异辛醇与混合酸的质量比、反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响,确定了较佳的反应工艺条件:m(催化剂):m(异辛醇):m(混合酸)=0.01:3.18:1,反应时间为3 h,在此反应条件下预处理后的混合酸转化率可达到99.9%.     

异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯合成

以异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚、P2O5为主要原料，合成异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯，探讨了原料摩尔比、酯化温度、酯化时间、水解方式和时间对酯化反应影响，确定了最佳工艺条件。异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚(n=4)与P2O5的摩尔比为3．5：1，酯化温度65℃，酯化时间3h，水解0．5h，该条件下合成产品酯化率达96％，产品耐碱大于200g／L，沉降时间小于10s。     

硫酸钛催化合成2-甲氧基-5-乙酰氨基-N,N-二-(β-烷酰氧乙基)苯胺

用硫酸钛/ZSM 5为催化剂,通过2 甲氧基 5 乙酰氨基 N,N 二 (β 羟乙基)苯胺与乙酸及丙酸的酯化反应,合成了2 甲氧基 5 乙酰氨基 N,N 二 (β 乙酰氧乙基)苯胺和2 甲氧基 5 乙酰氨基 N,N 二 (β 丙酰氧乙基)苯胺.对影响反应的因素进行了讨论.用IR、NMR对结构进行了表征,酯的收率为95%以上.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.