热压合成Ti_4AlN_3及其物理性能研究

以摩尔比为Ti ◇Al ◇TiN=1 1.2 2.7的混合粉为原料,采用真空热压烧结工艺在1400℃保温2 h成功合成了高纯Ti4AlN3块体材料,Ti4AlN3烧结试样结晶良好,晶粒发育完善,内部较为均匀致密,相对密度达到98.5%,具有较高的抗弯强度(384 MPa)、抗压强度(523 MPa)和断裂韧性(6.5(MPa.m1/2)),较低的维氏硬度(2.9 GPa)和抗破坏能力,具备良好的机械加工性能。Ti4AlN3常温电导率和热导率分别为4.6×105(Ω-1.m-1)和12(W.m-1.K-1),其热导率在25～600℃范围呈上升趋势;25～1100℃的线膨胀系数为9.0×10-6K-1,良好的导热性能和高温热稳定性使其可以应用于高温领域。     

粉末冶金制备Ti-Cu二元合金和力学性能的研究

以纯钛(Ti)粉和铜(Cu)粉为原料,采用粉末冶金法,真空烧结制备Ti-Cu(质量分数)二元合金。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等测试手段对样品的相组成、成分、微观组织形貌等进行表征,用硬度仪测试材料的宏观及微观硬度。研究结果表明:Ti、Cu粉末在850-1200℃真空烧结后,合金中存在αTi、CuTi_2、CuTi_3三相;随Cu含量的增加,Ti-Cu合金的相对密度及硬度都是先升高后降低,当含铜量为5%的合金相对密度达到89.2%,洛氏硬度达到49HRA,合金的致密度较好;Ti-Cu共析相的显微硬度为370HV,随着CuTi_2、CuTi_3相的析出,合金硬度下降。     

Al3Ti及其L12型变异合金的制备

以Al、Ti、X（X=Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu等）高纯度粉末为原料，以高能球磨机和真空热处理炉为设备，将原料按Al3Ti或Al3Ti—X合金化学计量比配合，添加少量过程控制剂，适当控制转速、球料比，磨球直径等球磨工艺参数，在氩气保护下球磨30h后，在真空热处理炉中经过600～800℃低温热处理，成功制备出了Al3Ti及其L12型变异合金。该方法制备的合金纯度可达95％以上，而且简单易行，经济高效。可望实现Al3Ti合金的工业化生产。     

化学镀法制备Ni-P/Al2O3特种陶瓷及性能

采用化学镀方法在平均粒径为200 nm的Al2O3粉体表面镀覆Ni-P合金,制备出了Ni-P/Al2O3复合粉体,再利用无压烧结将此种复合粉体制备成氧化铝基特种陶瓷.这一方法不仅降低了烧结温度,也进一步提高了陶瓷的性能,尤其是在提高韧性方面.结果表明,粉体镀层为晶态,主要由NiP2相和NiP相组成,镀层中含镍量为9.32%,含磷量为2.38%.为低磷合金镀层,制备特种陶瓷所需的烧结温度由制备单一氧化铝陶瓷所需的1 700 ℃降低至1 350 ℃;断裂韧性也从单一Al2O3陶瓷的3.0 MPa·m1/2提高到6.91 MPa·m1/2,增加了130.3%;耐磨性与纯氧化铝陶瓷相当.     

化学镀法制备Ni—P／Al2O3特种陶瓷及性能

采用化学镀方法在平均粒径为200 nm的Al2O3粉体表面镀覆Ni-P合金,制备出了Ni-P/Al2O3复合粉体,再利用无压烧结将此种复合粉体制备成氧化铝基特种陶瓷。这一方法不仅降低了烧结温度,也进一步提高了陶瓷的性能,尤其是在提高韧性方面。结果表明,粉体镀层为晶态,主要由NiP2相和NiP相组成,镀层中含镍量为9.32%,含磷量为2.38%。为低磷合金镀层,制备特种陶瓷所需的烧结温度由制备单一氧化铝陶瓷所需的1 700℃降低至1 350℃;断裂韧性也从单一Al2O3陶瓷的3.0 MPa.m1/2提高到6.91 MPa.m1/2,增加了130.3%;耐磨性与纯氧化铝陶瓷相当。     

热压烧结镍钛合金的微观结构与力学性能

采用真空热压烧结技术,分别以NiTi预合金粉末和Ni,Ti纯元素混合粉末制备等摩尔比的NiTi形状记忆合金(SMA).利用X线衍射仪、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及电子万能试验机对其物相组成,显微结构及力学性能进行分析.研究结果表明:在1100℃和25MPa真空热压条件下,可制备出近全致密且组织及性能优良的镍钛合金,其中预合金粉末和元素混合粉末所制备样品的相对密度分别可达到99.64％和98.03％,并且预合金粉末样品比元素混合粉末样品具有更均一的组织和更好的力学性能.     

纳米Ni对Ti/Al2O3复合材料力学性能的影响

在烧结温度为1400℃、升温速率为20℃/min、保温时间为60 min的工艺条件下,采用真空热压烧结技术制备Ti/Al2O3金属陶瓷复合材料。研究掺加纳米Ni对材料力学性能的影响及强韧化机理。结果表明,纳米Ni的添加可以有效抑制Ti-Al2O3之间的界面反应,提高材料的力学性能,改善材料的物相组分;当掺入Ni的体积分数为3%时,材料的致密度为98.91%,弯曲强度为384.27 MPa、断裂韧性为8.02 MPa·m1/2、显微硬度为16.16 GPa。     

纳米Ni对Ti/Al_2O_3复合材料力学性能的影响

在烧结温度为1400℃、升温速率为20℃/min、保温时间为60 min的工艺条件下,采用真空热压烧结技术制备Ti/Al2O3金属陶瓷复合材料。研究掺加纳米Ni对材料力学性能的影响及强韧化机理。结果表明,纳米Ni的添加可以有效抑制Ti-Al2O3之间的界面反应,提高材料的力学性能,改善材料的物相组分;当掺入Ni的体积分数为3%时,材料的致密度为98.91%,弯曲强度为384.27 MPa、断裂韧性为8.02 MPa·m1/2、显微硬度为16.16 GPa。     

纳米Al_2O_3对氧化铝陶瓷力学性能及微观结构的影响

研究不同含量的纳米Al2O3对氧化铝陶瓷力学性能的影响;利用SEM观察材料的微观组织结构.实验结果表明:氧化铝陶瓷的相对密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性随着纳米Al2O3粉含量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势.当纳米Al2O3粉的质量分数为30%,烧结温度为1450℃时,氧化铝陶瓷微观组织细化均匀,氧化铝陶瓷的相对密度达到96.98%,抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到了412.61MPa和3.96MPa·m1/2.     

热处理对粉末注射成形钛合金的组织与性能的影响

采用粉末注射成形方法制备了钛合金坯体,利用溶剂脱脂和热脱脂方法脱除坯体中粘结剂,并在真空气氛下烧结致密钛合金样品.真空烧结后,经960 ℃和140 MPa热等静压处理,在720～760 ℃进行1～1.5 h退火处理获得的样品微观结构为均匀的双态组织,由许多等轴较小的α晶粒和少量尺寸较小的β晶粒组成.XRD分析结果表明,当退火温度高于800 ℃时,样品存在Ti3Al杂质相.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.