高电流密度电解对阴极铜质量的影响

在铜电解液中加入亚砷酸铜净化脱除锑和铋,当电解液中As质量浓度从6 g/L增加到12 g/L后,电解液中锑和铋的质量浓度分别从0.65和0.15 g/L降到0.30和0.07 g/L,锑、铋去除率分别达到53.85%和53.33%.铜电解液净化后,在铜离子质量浓度为45～50 g/L,硫酸质量浓度为180～210 g/L,电解液温度为65 ℃时,电流密度为300 A/m2条件下进行电解得到的阴极铜达到高纯阴极铜质量标准(GB/T 467-1997).连续电解7 d所得阴极铜铜质量分数为99.996 0%,阴极电流效率为99.1%.电解液中砷、锑、铋质量浓度分别为13.65,0.36和0.075 g/L.电解过程中56.2%锑、88.3%铋进入阳极泥,而78.8%的砷进入电解液.电解3 d后,铜离子质量浓度从45上升到51 g/L,硫酸质量浓度从210下降到175 g/L,槽电压从0.21上升到0.27 V,采用脱铜补酸处理可维持电解的正常进行.     

浅谈电解液对阴极铜质量的影响

针对某厂高镍、氧含量的阳极电解生产过程中出现的阳极易钝化、槽电压高、阴极铜表面结晶质量差等系列问题,探讨分析原因,认为是电解液的成分及其相关的物理参数直接影响阴极铜的表面质量,并提出几点生产工艺调整建议：适当降低硫酸浓度、铜离子浓度和电流密度;提高进液温度、改进进液方式,并加大电解液净化量;在火法精炼氧化还原操作时,氧的质量分数控制在0.1%以下.实践表明,按照建议调整工艺参数后,工艺指标正常,阴极铜质量达标.     

明胶分子量对阴极电铜表面质量的影响

模拟铜电解工艺条件,添加不同分子量范围的明胶与硫脲、干酪素组成添加剂,考察明胶分子量对阴极铜表面质量的影响.通过目测和金相显微观察对其影响效果进行评价,提出了阴极铜表面微结构模型.研究结果表明,两种不同分子量的明胶组合后的效果明显好于一种明胶,两种明胶的分子量差别越大,也就是明胶的分子量分布范围越大,得到的电铜表面质量越好.粘度为13和20mPa.s的明胶与硫脲、干酪素联合作为铜电解添加剂,得到的阴极铜具有结晶度小、晶粒致密、择优取向不明显和表面平整光滑的特点.     

铜氨溶液电积铜的研究

工业铜渣和软锰矿在硫酸介质中经氧化还原,得到硫酸铜和硫酸锰混合溶液,净化过滤后,用氨与碳酸氢铵混合溶液分离锰得到的铜氨溶液,通过控制电解技术参数电解制得铜。研究表明在50℃、电流密度为150 A/m2条件下可以得到2#阴极铜。     

吸附-电解协同法处理铜氨络合废水

针对铜氨络合废水处理难度大、工艺复杂等问题,提出了吸附-电解协同处理的新方法。以模拟铜氨络合废水为研究对象,考察了电解时间、电流密度、电解温度等因素对电解法的影响;并以此为基础,将改性油酸吸附剂涂覆在阴极表面,采用正交试验方法研究了吸附-电解联合处理铜氨络合废水的协同作用。结果表明,吸附-电解协同法在电流密度为0.01A/cm2时对铜氨络合废水处理15 min,即可使铜离子去除率达到93%以上,电流密度小、处理时间短且电流效率明显提高。     

印刷线路板含铜污泥中有价金属铜的回收

采用浸出-电沉积法,从印刷线路板（printed circuit board,PCB）产生的污泥中回收有价金属铜.考察硫酸电流密度、温度、pH值、极间距等条件对阴极铜沉积的影响.实验结果表明,硫酸铜浸出液电沉积处理的适合条件如下：浸出液中铜的浓度在40 g/L左右,pH值为1.4,电流密度为300 A/m²,电解20 h,极间距为5 cm,温度为40 ℃.     

铁镍锌离子对阴极铜沉积反应的影响

利用电导仪及电子能谱等仪器,并采用稳态法研究了铁、镍、锌离子对酸性硫酸铜电解液系统中阴极铜沉积反应的影响。研究结果表明：铁镍锌离子存在于电解液中,增大溶液电阻,减小溶液电导率,减小铜沉积反应的交换电流密度和极限电流密度,对铜沉积反应起极化作用。但铁、镍、锌离子几乎不影响电荷传递系数,不改变铜沉积反应机理。在２００Ａ·ｍ－２和１０００Ａ·ｍ－２电流密度下电解,铁、镍、锌不会在阴极沉积。在阴极铜沉积层中铜主要以金属铜和少量Ｃｕ２Ｏ形式存在。     

用钛钌阳极从氯化锰溶液电解二氧化锰的研究

为了研究在氯盐溶液中用钛钌阳极电解二氧化锰的新技术,运用恒流水溶液电解方法考察了电解温度、电流密度和电解液组成对二氧化锰电流效率、槽电压及产品质量的影响.试验结果表明,在电解温度75℃、电流密度100 A/m2、锰离子质量浓度50 g/L、盐酸质量浓度10 g/L的条件下,二氧化锰的电流效率达96%,槽电压为2.0 V,产品中二氧化锰的含量为92.32%,电解二氧化锰晶型为γ型.通过在氯盐溶液中用钛钌阳极电解二氧化锰,不仅产品质量能达到电池用电解二氧化锰标准,而且电解温度低(75℃),优于硫酸盐溶液体系(95℃).     

锌皮还原同槽电解法处理废干电池工艺研究

采用废旧干电池中的锌皮还原电芯中的高价锰为二价锰,并通过同槽电解的方法,阴极得到金属锌,阳极得到二氧化锰,实现高附加值、低成本综合回收利用废旧锌锰电池的目的.最佳工艺条件为:pH值3.0~4.0,阳极电流密度0.6~0.8 A/dm2,阴极电流密度0.9~1.2 A/dm2,电解温度80~85℃,Zn2 质量浓度60~70 g/L,Mn2 质量浓度30~50 g/L,可使阴、阳极的电流效率均达到90%左右.     

工艺条件对电积法制备铜粉的影响

采用不溶阳极电积法制备铜粉,研究了Cu2+质量浓度、硫酸质量浓度、电流密度、电解液温度和刮粉周期对电积过程和铜粉中位粒径的影响.结果表明:优化工艺为Cu2+质量浓度15 g.L-1、硫酸质量浓度140 g.L-1条件下,控制电流密度为1 800 A.m-2、温度为35℃、刮粉周期为30min、循环流量为14 L.h-1以及极距为4.5 cm,可得到高品质的铜粉,其粒度呈正态分布,微观形貌呈树枝状;增加铜离子质量浓度、硫酸质量浓度和电解液温度有利于降低槽电压;增加Cu2+质量浓度、电解液温度和刮粉周期有利于提高电流效率;大电流密度、高硫酸质量浓度和低Cu2+质量浓度有利于得到粉末粒度小的铜粉.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…