施有城市污泥的土壤重金属生物有效性

对盆栽试验的植物和土壤样品的分析测定表明,施用城市污泥对植物生长发育有明显的促进作用,生长是随访泥施用量增加而增国;施用污泥的土壤重金属有效态含量植物重金属含量也随污泥施用量增另而提高,施用污泥的土壤加施石灰（ＣａＯ）将ＰＨ调节到６．５和７．５后,土壤有效态Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ的含量明显减少,但有效态Ｃｒ含量升高;植物对Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ的吸收大幅度降低,表现出加施石灰提高土壤Ｐ至随污泥进入土壤的Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ、     

云南17种菊科植物微量元素含量特征研究

本文论述了云南１７种菊科植物９个元素含量的特征．元素含量顺序有１０种植物遵守Ｆｅ，Ａｌ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｐｂ＞Ｃｒ＞Ｎｉ＞Ｍｏ的规律，有５种植物遵守Ｆｅ，Ａｌ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｒ＞Ｎｉ＞Ｍｏ的规律．元素含量的相对离散度为：Ａｌ＞Ｆｅ＞Ｍｏ＞Ｎｉ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｐｂ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｒ．反映元素含量顺序与相对离散度顺序不完全匹配．元素Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｒ，Ｍｏ，Ｚｎ含量的频数分布总体为正态．Ｆｅ，Ｎｉ，Ａｌ含量的频数分布为正偏态型，并呈现高狭峰．元素Ａｌ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｎｉ含量间呈明显正相关；Ｆｅ与Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｍｏ，Ｃｒ间呈负相关．根据统计分级聚类分析，１７种植物分５组，１，２组共１１种植物，显示了植物对Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｐｂ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｒ吸收积累的聚类特征．第５组的小一支箭和臭灵丹，显示出对Ｆｅ，Ａｌ或Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ吸收积累的特殊性     

耕作层中重金属Cd形态分布规律及植物有效性研究

就外源重金属Ｃｄ在土壤中的存在形态，影响因素以及黑麦草对土壤Ｃｄ的吸收进行了研究。结果表明，土壤对Ｃｄ的吸持率为红壤〈水稻〈潮土，与土壤ｐＨ值明显呈相关，土壤吸持Ｃｄ中，红壤以交换态为主，水稻土以络合态为主，潮土则以残渣态为主；黑麦草吸收的Ｃｄ与土壤ｐＨ值呈显的负相关、植物有效态Ｃｄ源主要来自交换态Ｃｄ和松结有机态Ｃｄ。     

九龙江流域土壤－蔬菜系统中重金属的迁移、分布、积累

研究了九龙江下游地区７种重金属元素（Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｐｂ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ）在土壤－蔬菜系统中的分布、积累规律，土壤污染指数，土壤和蔬菜的Ｃｄ／Ｚｎ比值，蔬菜对重金属元素的吸收率、富集率．结果表明该区土壤中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ三种元素污染较严重，多个样点的土壤污染指数大于１，而元素Ｐｂ仅两个样点的污染指数接近于１，区内样点的Ｃｄ／Ｚｎ值均小于１％，Ｃｄ在蔬菜体内积累未达到危害程度，蔬菜对重金属元素吸收率、富集率随不同样点而异．     

城市大气重金属（Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn）污染及其在植物 …

通过对烟台市区不同大气污染区域绿化植物叶片中重金属Ｐｂ,Ｃｄ,Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ富积量和大气与土壤中相应重金属的含量研究分析发现,植物叶片中重金属Ｐｂ,Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ的富积与大气中Ｐｕ,Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ的相对含量呈显著的正相关,而植物叶片中Ｃｄ的富积量与大气中重金属的相对含量相关不显著,所研究的４种重金属的在植物叶片中的富积量与其生长土壤中的重金属的含量无相关性,研究证明,在所调查的５种市区绿化植物中以园叶片对大气     

九龙江流域土壤—蔬菜系统中重金属的迁移,分布,积累

研究了九龙江下游地区７种重金属元素（Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ，Ｃｒ，Ｍｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ）在土壤－蔬菜系统中的分布，积累规律，土壤污染指数，土壤和蔬菜的Ｃｄ／Ｚｎ比值，蔬菜对重金属元素的吸收率，富集率，结果表明该区土壤中Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ三种不元素污染较严重，多个样点的土壤污染指数大于１，而元素Ｐｂ仅两个样品的污染指数接近于１，区内样点的Ｃｄ／Ｚｎ值均小于１％，Ｃｄ在蔬菜体内积累未达到危害程度，蔬菜对重金属元素     

太原市地表土中五种重金属元素的污染监测及评价

该文研究了太原地区现阶段地表土中五种重金属元素的含量、分布规律，污染程度、污染原因及各元素间的相互关系。结果表明：Ｃｕ，Ｃｄ，Ｚｎ三元素含量超了中国土壤背景值；Ｃｕ，Ｃｒ，Ｚｎ，Ｍｎ四种元素城区平均含量高于郊区；Ｃｄ的城区平均含量低于郊区，且污染严重，范围广达１００％；元素间相关系数达显著水平的有１０对，最为密切的为Ｃｄ与Ｚｎ，ｒ＝０．８８８。     

污泥连续施用对玉米、小麦中Zn、Cd累积的影响

利用盆栽试验研究了连续2年施用重金属低污染和高污染污泥后,酸性土壤和碱性土壤中玉米、小麦中重金属Zn、Cd的累积情况,利用内梅洛综合指数法对植物中Zn、Cd的污染情况进行了评估。结果显示,添加重金属高污泥的处理中Zn、Cd含量明显高于其他处理,酸性土壤中添加污泥后植物中Zn、Cd要普遍高于石灰性土壤。污泥第一年施用后,玉米中Zn、Cd含量处于安全范围,第二年继续施加后,小麦中Zn、Cd含量属于轻度污染状况。连续大量地施用污泥,会产生农作物的重金属安全风险。     

红树杆物落叶碎屑对水中重金属吸附的初步研究

研究四种红树植物落叶碎屑对水环境中重金属Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｎｉ和Ｃｄ离子的吸附作用．结果表明：１）在单离子处理条件下,白骨壤叶对Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ的吸附能力较强;而秋茄叶对Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ的吸附能力较强．２）在相同离子浓度下,拒盐植物（秋茄、红海榄）与泌盐植物（白骨壤、桐花树）落叶碎屑对不同重金属吸附能力具有一定差异：拒盐植物为Ｃｄ＞Ｐｂ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｎｉ;而泌盐植物为Ｐｂ＞Ｃｄ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｎｉ．３）随着水中重金属浓度增加（２～５ｍｇ／Ｌ）落叶碎屑对重金属吸附量随之增大,表明红树落叶碎屑对重金属的吸附具有较大的潜在容量．４）多种重金属离子共存下,四种植物落叶对不同离子的吸附量均表现为Ｐｂ＞Ｃｄ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｎｉ     

城市大气重金属(Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn)污染及其在植物中的富积

通过对烟台市区不同大气污染区域绿化植物叶片中重金属Ｐｂ ,Ｃｄ ,Ｃｕ ,Ｚｎ 富积量和大气与土壤中相应重金属的含量研究分析发现,植物叶片中重金属Ｐｂ ,Ｃｕ 和Ｚｎ 的富积量与大气中Ｐｂ ,Ｃｕ 和Ｚｎ 的相对含量呈显著的正相关,而植物叶片中Ｃｄ 的富积量与大气中重金属的相对含量相关不显著．所研究的４ 种重金属在植物叶片中的富积量与其生长土壤中的重金属的含量无相关性．研究证明,在所调查的５ 种市区绿化植物中以园柏（ Ｓａｂｉｎａ ｃｈｉｎｅｓｉｓ） 叶片对大气中Ｐｂ 和Ｃｄ 的富积能力最强,对Ｐｂ 的富积依次为侧柏（ Ｐｌａｔｙｃｌａｄｕｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ） 、冬青卫茅（ Ｅｕｏｎｙｍｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ） 、悬玲木（ Ｐｌａｔａｎｕｓ ａｃｅｒｉｆｏｌｉａ） 和樱桃李（ Ｐｒｕｎｕｓｃｅｒａｓｉｆｅｒａ） ,而对Ｃｄ 则依次为侧柏、冬青卫茅、樱桃李、悬玲木．悬玲木叶片对Ｃｕ 和Ｚｎ 的富积量最高,对Ｃｕ 的富积能力依次为悬玲木＞ 园柏＞ 侧柏＞ 冬青卫茅＞ 樱桃李,对Ｚｎ 则为悬玲木＞ 园柏＞ 侧柏＞ 樱桃李＞ 冬青卫茅．市区大气重金属污染物主要为Ｐｂ ,Ｃｕ 和Ｚｎ ．市区大气重金属污染的总态势依次为发电厂＞ 汽车站＞ 市府区＞ 奇山小区＞     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.