构件截面混凝土碳化深度分布的有限元分析

混凝土结构截面上碳化深度分布的确定,浊进行混凝土结构截面等耐久性设计的基础,按照传质原理,建立了混凝土结构截面上ＣＯ２的二维扩散传质方程,并利用有限元方法作了混凝土截面上碳化深度分布的计算。算例表明角区混凝土的最大碳化深度约为一般边碳化深度的１．４倍。     

某在建桥梁钢筋混凝土构件碳化耐久性预测

为预测某在建预应力混凝土梁桥的钢筋混凝土构件的碳化耐久性,需确定适合本地区混凝土碳化深度预测模型.结合2座有一定环境和地域代表性的在役混凝土桥梁的碳化深度实测数据,探讨常用的6个混凝土碳化深度预测模型在本地区的适用性,然后利用所确定的混凝土碳化预测模型对某在建大跨径双薄壁高墩曲线连续刚构桥的钢筋混凝土承台和主墩的混凝土碳化耐久性进行分析.计算结果表明,采用基于混凝土抗压强度标准值作为主要参数的混凝土碳化深度预测模型与在役桥梁碳化深度实测数据较吻合,推荐采用该模型进行本地区混凝土桥梁构件碳化耐久性分析;所分析的在建桥梁的钢筋混凝土承台和主墩的混凝土碳化耐久性满足桥梁设计年限要求.     

混凝土综合碳化速率系数模型与服役寿命分析

为准确分析混凝土结构的碳化耐久性,提出了综合碳化速率系数的基本模型。通过综合考虑环境因素、二氧化碳的扩散系数随时间衰减特性及材料配合比参数等,收集标准实验条件下混凝土配合比参数与碳化速率系数数据,基于相关系数法和最小二乘法建立了混凝土标准碳化速率系数的多因素预测模型,并据此建立了基于综合碳化速率系数的混凝土碳化耐久性服役寿命预测方法。     

应力状态下混凝土的碳化试验研究

进行了碳化环境下预应力混凝土试件的耐久性试验研究，阐述了在应力和碳化共同作用下的混凝土结构破损机理及规律．试件为无应力、弯曲受拉和直接受压的应力状态，采用加速碳化的试验方案．分别引进kws和χσ反映碳化深度与混凝土质量、强度和应力水平的关系，建立了应力状态下的混凝土碳化深度的多因素预测模型．结果表明：拉、压应力分别加快和减缓了混凝土的碳化速率，且应力越大；碳化速率的改变越大；χσ可以反映碳化速率的变化趋势．施加预应力能够控制混凝土裂缝的发展、消除或限制裂缝的宽度，因此，预应力混凝土结构的耐久性比普通混凝土结构的耐久性更好．     

混凝土结构碳化寿命可靠度分析

探讨混凝土碳化机理及其影响因素,提出结构随机寿命概念.应用随机原理和可靠度理论,对混凝土结构碳化寿命进行耐久性可靠度分析,进而提出适合计算的碳化寿命预测方法.在取得现场实测有关数据后,考虑实际可靠度指标和耐久性失效多重标准,利用锈蚀开裂计算公式,对结构构件进行碳化可靠度分析,预测其剩余碳化寿命,可由定性分析和评估结构可靠性,升级为定量预测其剩余寿命.对混凝土结构耐久性失效准则的合理选择,是进行耐久性评估与寿命预测的重要前提,并不存在一个规定不变的耐久性评估准则.以碳化程度为基础的耐久性失效准则,对于重要结构及其构件是适宜和可靠的.     

考虑应力状态的二维混凝土碳化过程数值模拟

混凝土碳化过程的数值模拟为研究碳化机理、碳化影响因素、碳化过程与力的耦合作用等提供了新的定量分析工具.为定量分析应力状态对混凝土截面角部碳化发展的影响,建立了混凝土碳化过程的2维数值计算模型,使得混凝土组分、应力状态等影响可以得到定量考虑,并模拟应力状态下混凝土构件角部的碳化过程.详细介绍了这一模型的数值计算实现过程,研究了网格尺寸及时间步长对数值计算结果的影响.该模型数值计算结果与快速碳化试验和长期暴露碳化试验结果的对比验证了模型计算结果的准确性.最后,对某混凝土构件的角部混凝土碳化过程进行了数值分析.结果表明,混凝土截面角部双向碳化作用以及拉应力状态均会加速混凝土碳化,角部是整个构件截面碳化发展最为迅速的部位,其耐久性应当予以考虑.     

基于DLA的氯离子侵蚀与碳化耦合作用下桥梁性能演变模拟

氯离子侵蚀和碳化是影响混凝土结构耐久性的主要因素,各自的理论公式已比较完善,但考虑二者耦合作用的定量分析和模型较少,影响混凝土结构耐久性分析的精度和水平.扩散限制凝聚模型(Diffusion-limited Aggregation,DLA)能够较完善地模拟气体的扩散凝聚,且具有随机性和分形特征,适合细致反映氯离子侵蚀、碳化及二者耦合作用下混凝土性能演变过程.本文基于DLA原理,考虑到扩散深度、混凝土特性及暴露条件等对氯离子扩散的影响,并考虑到混凝土特性及暴露条件等对碳化的影响,以及碳化与氯离子侵蚀的耦合作用,建立DLA模型,可获得任意时刻、任意位置处二氧化碳与氯离子的浓度.针对桥梁耐久性分析需求,提出利用DLA模型预测考虑疲劳效应的混凝土和钢筋性能退化方法.算例表明该方法能够动态细致地模拟桥梁耐久性演变过程.     

既有钢筋混凝土桥梁碳化可靠度评估方法

讨论了钢筋混凝土结构的混凝土碳化机理及碳化深度模型,给出了适合于既有钢筋混凝土桥梁可靠度分析的混凝土碳化深度表达式．以混凝土碳化至钢筋表面作为结构的耐久性失效极限状态,建立了以现时刻为分析时间起点的混凝土碳化可靠度分析及剩余碳化寿命预测模型,并研究了其实用近似计算方法．以一座实际钢筋混凝土桥梁为例,对其碳化可靠度及剩余碳化寿命进行评估,为该桥的维修加固决策提供参考依据．     

浅析混凝土短期深度碳化的原因及预防措施

混凝土碳化是影响其耐久性的重要原因,短期深度碳化大大降低了混凝土的耐久性。本文通过对某工程短期混凝土深度碳化现象,分析碳化原因从而找到解决的办法,以提高混凝土的质量。     

在役混凝土构件耐久性的评判准则

针对在役混凝土结构的主要特征、损伤状况、破坏情形及其耐久性的基本特点,将混凝土构件耐久性评定指标分为定性指标和定量指标两大类.分析定性指标中的环境条件、钢筋锈蚀程度,以及定量指标中混凝土碳化深度、混凝土保护层厚度、裂缝宽度、钢筋锈蚀量和构件承载力衰减等影响混凝土构件耐久性的因数,设计各指标的评定方法,并制定相应的评定标准.建立在役混凝土构件耐久性的系统评判模型,以供在役混凝土构件的损伤判别、耐久性失效评定.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.