液体可压缩性对超空化流动的影响

基于多相流模型和运动框架模型构建可压缩超空化流场的数值计算模型,分别使用具有不同物性的流体介质模拟水下跨声速超空化流动,并将数值模拟结果与经验公式结果相互参验,通过对比分析研究在液体可压缩性对跨声速超空化流动的影响.研究结果显示:液体可压缩性对流动参数的分布规律、空化物体的阻力特性和流场的空化情况均有显著影响;考虑液体可压缩性,随飞行速度的增大,射弹的阻力系数将增加,并且在高速工况下超空泡的尺度大幅度减小;可压缩超空化流场中,较300m/s工况,速度为1 900m/s时弹体阻力系数增大约22%,弹尾截面空泡直径减小约30%.     

钨球高速侵彻低碳钢板成坑直径的计算模型

为研究钨球对低碳钢板高速侵彻成坑直径的分析方法.采用12.7mm弹道枪和57.5mm/14.5mm二级轻气炮加载方式,进行了Φ6mm和Φ7mm钨球以600~2400m/s撞击速度侵彻不同厚度Q235A钢板实验,根据实验现象分析了弹-靶作用过程,对不同侵彻速度下钢板上侵彻孔边缘进行了扫描电镜(SEM)观察.研究结果表明,撞击速度在1000m/s时,靶体破坏以动态断裂为主,当撞击速度达到1500m/s以上时靶体破坏以塑性流动为主;据此,同时考虑钨球塑性变形、靶体动态屈服和塑性流动,建立了钨球高速侵彻低碳钢板成坑直径的计算模型,模型计算结果与实验偏差在12%以内.      

附体对潜艇兴波尾迹的影响分析

基于RANS(雷诺时均)方程和Realizable k-ε湍流模型,采用Simple算法求解压力-速度耦合项,建立了求解水下潜体兴波阻力的数值模型,并对潜艇近水面航行时的兴波特征进行了模拟.首先进行了网格及时间步长的收敛性验证,并验证了本数值模型的准确性.接着计算了SUBOFF潜艇在裸艇工况下以不同潜深航行时的兴波阻力,并针对特定潜深研究了潜艇在不同附体工况下以不同航速航行时的兴波特性.研究表明:当潜艇在弗劳德数为0.5附近时,兴波阻力系数最大;当潜深接近1/2艇长时,兴波阻力系数接近0;当单独存在尾翼附体时,会产生较大的兴波,驾驶舱与尾翼附体同时存在则会减少该影响;潜艇表面形状的突变会产生较大的压力变化.     

基于格子-玻尔兹曼方法的三维虚拟树冠阻力特性

为了给预测实际树冠的风阻提供理论依据,运用Visual Basic程序设计语言建立三维虚拟树冠模型,使用基于格子-玻尔兹曼方法(Lattice-Boltzmann method,LBM)的计算流体动力学软件——XFlow进行模拟计算,研究不同叶面积指数和风速条件下,树冠对空气流动阻力特性的影响。采用叶面积指数表征树冠的形态结构特征,讨论其对树冠流动阻力的影响规律,并提出阻力系数与叶面积指数、风速之间的关联表达式。利用风洞对人工树模型进行试验,测试结果与关联表达式的预测结果吻合较好。研究结果表明:树冠的阻力系数与叶面积指数、风速呈指数函数关系;当风速大于5m/s时,阻力系数接近常数,风速对阻力系数的影响不再显著。     

挡风墙尾流作用下导线表面粗糙度对接触网正馈线气动特性的影响

大风经过兰新高铁沿线挡风墙后,容易引发接触网正馈线发生舞动现象。为分析挡风墙尾流作用下导线表面粗糙度对正馈线气动特性的影响,基于流体力学建立铁路挡风墙尾流风洞实验装置与5种不同表面粗糙度导线模型。由于导线与整体计算域尺寸差距悬殊,对整体计算域的网格采用分块划分。利用流体仿真软件研究不同风速下正馈线的气动特性。结果表明：正馈线表面粗糙度越低,升、阻力增大越明显。在入口风速为1 m/s时,不同表面粗糙度正馈线升、阻力系数基本值保持稳定;在入口风速大于5 m/s时,随着表面粗糙度降低,正馈线升、阻力系数增大;不同表面粗糙度的正馈线尾部流场产生的漩涡不同,并且在导线凹凸处产生不同的细小漩涡。正馈线近壁面的气体流动特征发生较大变化,对导线气动特性影响较为明显。     

沉管隧道浮运水动力学性能的数值分析

为了正确评估沉管隧道管段在水中浮运的水动力学特性,确定合理的水上施工参数,以广州生物岛沉管隧道为研究对象,在缩尺模型试验的基础上,采用CFD软件STAR-CCM+的改进型SSTk-ω模型,对不同施工参数条件下的管段周围的流场进行了数值模拟,分析了管段所受水动力作用的特性.结果表明,干舷值的变化对阻力系数的影响最大可达35.9%;受水横流的作用,在拖速为0.6~1.2 m/s时,管段拖运方向的阻力系数随着拖速的增加而减小;波浪对阻力系数也有影响,拖速越大,影响越明显,当拖速从0.8 m/s增加到1.2 m/s时,管段拖运方向的阻力系数与无波工况相比,增幅可达36.75%.     

弹体侵彻混凝土侧壁摩擦阻力研究

基于混凝土材料的动态球形空腔膨胀理论,建立了头部和侧壁分别具有不同摩擦系数的动能弹侵彻阻力模型,探讨了侧壁摩擦阻力对侵彻深度、过载曲线的影响以及不同初速度下侵彻阻力的构成.结果显示:对于CRH为3、长径比为7的卵形弹体侵彻45MPa混凝土,当弹体初速度介于800～1 300m/s时,忽略侧壁摩擦将会给侵深带来至少10%的误差;在侵彻过程中,侧壁阻力在总阻力中的比例一直在增大,侵彻结束瞬间达到最大;同时,在此速度范围内,侵彻阻力中的靶体惯性项不可忽略;当弹体初速度低于400m/s时,摩擦阻力和靶体惯性阻力对侵深的影响均可忽略.     

轮拱罩充满率对整车气动特性的影响

针对某种小型轿车,基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法研究了不同轮拱罩充满率时旋转车轮对整车气动特性的影响,并与现有理想模型的试验结果对比.结果表明:在其他参数不变的情况下,随着轮拱罩充满率的下降,整车阻力系数上升,升力系数下降,当充满率下降27%时,阻力系数上升接近20%,升力系数下降接近30%.阻力上升主要是由于轮拱罩中的气流量增加,并且受轮拱罩结构的影响,内部流动分离加剧,导致尾流区的涡量均上升,车辆背压下降;升力下降主要是因为下车身气流速度加快,导致下车身压力减小.     

汽车外流场分析以及流线型改进

以某一微型汽车为原型,进行了汽车三维外流场气动特性数值模拟研究。通过对原车与改进流线型车在不同速度下的压力场的分析,以及对气动阻力值的比较,发现正常行驶速度20 m/s以及极限行驶速度50 m/s下,改进流线型车的压力分布都得到了有效改善。汽车的气动阻力在20 m/s时减阻率为6.67%,在50 m/s时依旧能减阻4.55%。改进后的汽车可以有效降低汽车气动阻力值,提升汽车的动力性和燃油经济性。     

凝析天然气管道分层流动相间水力摩阻系数计算式评价

前人已经得出了许多计算分层流动相间水力摩阻系数的经验、半经验半理论的公式.然而,由于它们多是以室内小型实验架上得到的数据为基础,虽然与各自的实验结果符合较好,但是普遍存在适用范围窄、精度低的缺陷.获得了大型多相流环道上的实验数据,并利用这些数据对部分常用的经验公式进行了评价.依据评价结果认为,当气相速度低于15m/s时,依据Chen等人的关联式的计算值与实验结果比较接近,误差不超过13.2%;当气相速度大于15m/s时,Hart等人的模型预测值与实验结果符合较好,误差普遍介于0~15.94%之间.因此,在凝析气管道的分层流动计算中,当气速较低时,推荐使用Chen等人的计算模型;而当气速较高时,则推荐采用Hart等人的模型来计算相间水力摩阻系数.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to