深部巷道围岩热-固耦合条件下的变形破坏数值分析

为研究深部巷道围岩热-固耦合条件下的变形破坏特征,根据深部巷道围岩体稳态温度场模型,得出了热-固耦合条件下深部巷道围岩体应力场、位移场及塑性圈半径的解析解,总结了热应力作用下围岩变形破坏的影响因素。借助Comsol Multiphysics多物理场耦合仿真软件对深部巷道围岩进行热-固耦合数值模拟,并将岩石力学参数与温度的关系引入模拟计算,分析了热应力、支护阻力对围岩变形破坏的影响规律。仿真结果显示,围岩热应力场分布呈非线性变化,浅部应力梯度大,深部应力梯度小;当巷内温度低于原岩温度时,热应力为压应力;随原岩温度升高,径向卸压范围及切向应力集中范围扩大,围岩塑性圈宽度和径向位移值有所增大;随巷内支护阻力提高,围岩塑性圈宽度和径向位移值则有所减小。现场试验发现,巷道围岩热应力场、应力场及位移场计算结果与实测结果吻合较好。     

深埋巷道围岩温度场的数值模拟分析

为了研究深埋巷道围岩温度场的分布规律．基于传热学和渗流理论建立了深埋巷道围岩的热扩散数学模型．结合边界条件采用MATLAB对其进行了数值求解,获得了在风流和渗流耦合作用下围岩的温度场和温度矢量分布。研究结果表明,无渗流状态下温度场和温度矢量呈对称分布,风流速度对温度分布有明显的影响,但不改变其对称分布的状态。渗流改变了温度场和温度矢量原有的对称分布的状态,热交换平衡区随着渗流速度的增加,将向顺渗流的方向移动。     

梯形巷道围岩散热有限体积法分析

为研究梯形巷道围岩散热的特点,依据能量守恒定律,建立二维非稳态导热积分方程,运用有限体积法分别建立内部节点和边界节点的热平衡方程,采用VB语言编写围岩温度场及散热量数值计算程序,并通过一个实例进行数值分析.研究结果表明:初始暴露的巷道围岩,围岩壁面温差大,温度梯度大,即围岩散热量也比较大;随着通风时间的延长,围岩浅部区域的温度逐渐接近于风流温度,散热量逐渐衰减,并且衰减幅度逐渐的减小.     

巷道变温圈内温度分布及不稳定传热系数求解方法

巷道围岩变温圈趋于稳定时的外缘半径处温度变化率趋于零,可近似理解为"变温圈趋于稳定时,半径为R0处围岩环形面单位面积导热量趋于0";将此特点描述为变温圈内导热微分方程求解的第二类边界条件,避免了求解温度场分布时复杂的积分问题,降低了求解难度.通过分离变量法将巷道围岩内部导热微分方程转换成斯特姆—刘维尔解问题;引入特征函数与范数,利用傅里叶—贝塞尔级数展开式与贝塞尔函数积分性质,推导得出巷道围岩内部温度分布函数,求得围岩内部温度分布函数在壁面的温度梯度,得到巷道围岩不稳定传热系数的解析式.采用MATLAB软件的计算功能,对比分析了推导得出的巷道围岩不稳定传热系数解析式的可信度与计算精度,表明推导得出的围岩内部温度分布函数及不稳定传热系数解析式是正确的、可信的.     

非均匀长圆柱超导体的热应力分析

用解析法研究了非均匀长圆柱超导体在冷却过程中,随着时间及位置变化的温度场以及热应力应变的分布.其中,假定杨氏模量呈现出与坐标和温度相关的指数形式变化.利用贝塞尔方程解析求解了热传导方程,得到了温度场的分布.结果表明:计算结果与实验结果相符,温度场在很短的时间内达到稳定,并最终趋于液氮温度,而剧烈变化的温度会导致较大的热应力.结果表明,径向应力先增大后减小,直至趋于热平衡状态;环向应力则表现为靠近中心处应力为拉应力,反之靠近边界处为压应力.     

巷道断面形状对围岩稳定性的影响数值分析

为探讨巷道断面形状对围岩稳定性的影响,本文结合丁集煤矿实际情况,采用FLAC软件对矩形、直墙半圆拱、圆形三种断面形状与围岩塑性区、应力场分布之间的关系进行了模拟。结果表明:不同形状巷道围岩塑性区几乎一致;矩形巷道顶部出现了较大的拉应力顶部采用拱形后拉应力区显著减小。     

大跨度矩形巷道围岩失稳破坏机制及数值模拟

巷道围岩的失稳破坏是资源开采阶段面临的重要问题。首先,对巷道围岩失稳机制进行了理论分析,探究巷道稳定性的主要因素,并基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA仿真平台对不同跨度巷道（4 、6 、8 、10 m）进行动静荷载耦合响应数值模拟分析。结果表明：当巷道埋深、底板梁厚度等因素一定时,巷道跨度是影响巷道围岩失稳的主要因素。巷道围岩在初始静应力场作用时,第一主应力随着跨度的增加呈现逐渐增大的趋势;跨度的增加（10 m）会使巷道围岩x和y方向的应力发生突增现象,均在巷道底板处有相对较大的拉应力。巷道跨度的增大,导致左右两帮的移近量有所增加;顶板下沉和底板隆起的程度显著增加,加剧巷道失稳破坏风险。在静动荷载耦合作用下,巷道围岩发生失稳破坏,破坏程度随跨度的增加而增加。     

等离子熔射成形熔滴薄片沉积的模拟研究

采用等离子熔射成形技术制造的模具和零件,其涂层的性能受残余热应力的影响极大。为此建立了一个二维有限元模型,用于研究单个不锈钢熔滴薄片在碳钢基体上沉积时的温度场及残余热应力。结果显示,尽管在初始的凝固阶段薄片边缘的温度高于薄片中心的温度,但随后这两个位置的温度差却发生逆转。最大残余应力位于薄片与基体界面的边缘,且其大小随基体温度升高而减小,最小残余热应力则位于薄片上表面的边缘。残余热应力在薄片中表现为拉应力,而在基体中则表现为压应力。本研究可为在微观水平上理解等离子熔射成形的温度场和残余热应力分布提供基础。     

等离子熔射成形熔滴薄片沉积的模拟研究

采用等离子熔射成形技术制造的模具和零件,其涂层的性能受残余热应力的影响极大。为此建立了一个二维有限元模型,用于研究单个不锈钢熔滴薄片在碳钢基体上沉积时的温度场及残余热应力。结果显示,尽管在初始的凝固阶段薄片边缘的温度高于薄片中心的温度,但随后这两个位置的温度差却发生逆转。最大残余应力位于薄片与基体界面的边缘,且其大小随基体温度升高而减小,最小残余热应力则位于薄片上表面的边缘。残余热应力在薄片中表现为拉应力,而在基体中则表现为压应力。本研究可为在微观水平上理解等离子熔射成形的温度场和残余热应力分布提供基础。     

等离子熔射成形熔滴薄片沉积的模拟研究

采用等离子熔射成形技术制造的模具和零件,其涂层的性能受残余热应力的影响极大.为此建立了一个二维有限元模型,用于研究单个不锈钢熔滴薄片在碳钢基体上沉积时的温度场及残余热应力.结果显示,尽管在初始的凝固阶段薄片边缘的温度高于薄片中心的温度,但随后这两个位置的温度差却发生逆转.最大残余应力位于薄片与基体界面的边缘,且其大小随基体温度升高而减小,最小残余热应力则位于薄片上表面的边缘.残余热应力在薄片中表现为拉应力,而在基体中则表现为压应力.本研究可为在微观水平上理解等离子熔射成形的温度场和残余热应力分布提供基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.