某些海生藻类在陆架沉积中的分布及其古环境意义

在我国陆架表层和柱状沉积中不但含有丰富的孢粉、硅藻，而且还有很多其它藻类，如刺球藻、甲藻、椭球藻等。从在沉积物中分布状况的分析，我们清楚地看到，虽然剌球藻、椭球藻在分类系统中的地位尚不清楚，但它们都是海生藻类，刺球藻的形体随着水深增大而，它们不仅可指示海相环境，而且可根据不同类型的刺球藻数量推测水深。椭球藻喜生于温带－亚热带中北部水深水于４０ｍ的海域，多甲藻在水深较大的暖水环境数量较多。它们具有重     

Mechanism of variations in environmental magnetic proxies of lake sediments from Nam Co, Tibet during the Holocene

High-resolution environmental records from the Tibetan Plateau are essential to understand past global climatic and environmental changes. Magnetic minerals in lake sediments are important proxies to reconstruct environmental and climatic changes. Nam Co (lake) is a typical great lake in the transitional region of southwest monsoon in the Tibetan Plateau. Previous studies have extensively focused on geochemistry, microfossils, sedimentology and biochemistry analysis of Nam Co, which provides sound interpretation of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes. However, up to now, no systematic environmental magnetic studies have been carried out. Therefore, high-resolution and systematic magnetic studies combined with geochemical parameters were carried on lake sediments of core NC 08/01 from Nam Co for the Holocene period (11.3 cal ka BP) in order to explore how magnetic properties of the sediments respond to climatic changes. Based on variations of magnetic proxies, the sequence can be separated into 3 units. Unit 1 (236-199 cm, 11.3-7.8 cal ka BP) contains dominantly coarse-grained magnetite with homogeneous grain size. A positive correlation between magnetite and Ti strongly suggests that these coarse-grained detrital magnetites reflect detrital input signals due to insignificant effects of postdepositional dissolution processes on these coarse-grained magnetite particles. For Unit 2 (198-102 cm, 7.8-2.1 cal ka BP), magnetic grain size is finer and the corresponding concentration of magnetite is also reduced. This is mainly due to significant dissolution of these fine-grained detrital magnetite particles, which were transported under reduced water flow conditions during this period. For Unit 3 (101-0 cm, 2.1-0 cal ka BP), the bulk magnetic properties are dominated by a mixture of single domain biogenic magnetite and detrital magnetite. The concentration of magnetic minerals is not correlated with the Ti content. In conclusion, the preservation of magnetic minerals in the lake sediment and thus the corresponding magnetic properties are related to the initial grain size. Combination of magnetic properties (including variation of grain size and concentration) and other proxies of detrital inputs (e.g. Ti) can be used to infer the variation of redox conditions in Nam Co. These results provide a viable framework for reconstructing the paleoenvironmental changes of this lake.     

Environmental magnetic studies of lacustrine sediments

In recent decades, environmental magnetism has become an important method for studying past global climatic and environmental changes. For an environmental magnetic study, it is important to understand the magnetic properties, of various magnetic minerals in lacustrine sedimcuts and the processes involved in the formation, transport,and preservation of these magnetic minerals. The magnetic response of lacustrine sediments to climatic change may vary widely from lake to lake. To reconstruct the processes contributing to paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental change, it is, therefore, necessary to derive a complete understanding of the potential origin of the magnetic signal observed.     

末次冰消期以来古气候演化研究进展及展望

 从盛冰期到全新世之间的末次冰消期经历了地球表层系统的一次巨变,期间发生了一系列气候突变事件,在全球不同地区以不同的方式回应着这些事件的变化过程。末次冰消期转暖的过程和机制一直是古气候研究的热点。本文综述了末次冰消期以来的古气候/季风演化研究成果,指出海陆交界敏感地带的陆架区对全球环境变化十分敏感,陆架区沉积物蕴含了丰富的气候/季风演化信息,对陆架区沉积物中古气候代用指标的提取,东亚季风演化历史及其驱动机制、季风的差异和交互作用、季风在各个时间尺度上的驱动机制等问题的分析均具有重要意义,可以为地区及全球环境变化提供科学依据。     

Magnetic properties of different grain-sized particles of sediments from the Okinawa Trough and their relationships to sedimentary environment

Multiple magnetic parameters were measured for nine different grain-sized fractions separated from the sediment samples that are representatives of four different sedimentary environments of the Okinawa Trough. Based on the measured results, the contributions of different grain-sized particles to total magnetic susceptibility of bulk sediments, the magnetic mineral assemblage and magnetic domain state as well as their relationships to sedimentary environment were discussed. Our research shows that the magnetic mineral is dominated by magnetite with a small amount of hematite and is primarily in pseudo-single-domain state. That indicates that the different sedimentary environments in the Okinawa Trough have certain correlation in material provenance. The magnetic minerals enrich in different grain-sized particles in response to different sedimentary environments. The contribution of the grain sizes from coarse to fine to coarse and fine to the magnetic susceptibility from the west to the east is in accordance with terrigenous material transportation from continental shelf of the East China Sea to the Okinawa Trough. It also shows difference in magnetic properties as a result of some environmental factors.     

Magnetic records of Core MD77-181 in the Bay of Bengal and their paleoenvironmental implications

Located in the low latitude region of the northeastern Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal represents one of the largest marginal seas in the world. The Bengal Fan hosts erosional products mostly from Himalayas and is under the influence of the Indian monsoon system. The Bengal Fan has thus been one of the ideal places for studying the uplift of the Tibet Plateau and the history of the Indian monsoon[1―8]. The intensity of the Indian monsoon is controlled by secular variations in insola- ti…     

河北三河上更新统——全新统磁化率变化旋回分析

为了获取河北三河地区上更新统-全新统古气候和古环境变化,在该区实测一地层剖面,采集磁化率样品进行测试,以磁化率变化为沉积环境代用指标,在前人研究确立的地质年代框架下,运用频谱分析、演化谱分析等方法对地层垂向磁化率变化进行旋回分析。结果表明研究区冲积沉积中存在23ka的岁差尺度旋回,由于剖面较短未识别出更长周期的斜率和偏心率旋回。根据分析结果计算出剖面沉积时限为4-45ka,属于晚更新世晚期至全新世早期河流砂坝和泛滥平原沉积,平均沉积速率为24cm/ka。磁化率的变化与粒度变化具有正相关性,粗粒沉积磁化率较高、细粒沉积磁化率较低;磁化率的变化受岁差驱动气候变化影响,岁差高值时大气降水对河流补给增多,陆源碎屑增多提高了沉积物中磁性矿物的含量,反之,则磁性矿物少,磁化率低。岁差驱动气候变化在河流冲积物中的发现,为河流冲积沉积天文驱动气候变化研究提供参考依据,为第四纪冲积沉积和地质事件研究提供新的年龄约束手段。     

黄河三角洲陆表沉积物矿物学特征及沉积成因

根据黄河三角洲地区沉积环境及气候条件.作者对该区表层沉积物的矿物学特征及沉积成因进行了研究.研究结果表明.本区非粘土矿物(碳酸盐矿物除外)的矿物学特征主要继承自黄河中游地区第四系沉积物、粘土矿物及碳酸盐矿物的矿物学特征还与黄河三角洲地区沉积环境、气候及海水等因素有关.沉积作用受到河流注入、海水的顶托及侧渗、蒸发浓缩、电中和等因素的控制.     

Magnetic characteristics and its environmental implications of core YSJD-86GC sediments from the southern South China Sea

Sediments of core YSJD-86GC （referred to as 86GC） collected from the southern South China Sea were selected for environmental magnetic studies. Combined with the published chronological framework, sediment magnetic properties were revealed for the study area since the MIS3 stage. The rock magnetic results indicate that low-coercivity magnetite is the main magnetic mineral within the sediments. Also, a certain amounts of hematite are present. The King plot and Day plot, which reflect the magnetic particle size, show that fine-grained pseudo-sin- gle-domain phase magnetic particles dominate the magnetic minerals in the sediments. Comparison of magnetic parameters and geochemical indicators show that magnetic properties of core 86GC sediments reflect a terrigenous input. Simultaneously, magnetic characteristics of the stud- ied sediment are influenced by the quantity of terrigenous sediment input, oxidation-reduction conditions of the provenance area, and the transportation environment and distance. Sea level fluctuation caused by global climate change was the main factor for variation in concentration of magnetic minerals and magnetic particle size of thestudied core sediments. Thus, variation of sediment magnetic properties in the study area can be used as an indirect indicator of sea level fluctuation.     

Magnetostratigraphy of borehole EY02-2 in the southern Yellow Sea and its paleoenvironmental significance

Various media are used for the study of paleoenvi- ronment. Among them, ice-core, loess and marine sediments are the most important for long time re- cording[1]. In all kinds of researches of paleoenviron- ment, age determination of the sediments is the m…     

长江口外CX21柱样的磁性特征及其影响因素

以长江口外、长340 cm的CX21柱样为对象,在磁性特征、地球化学和粒度分析的基础上,结合前期对Y7柱样的研究,探讨粒度、早期成岩作用和物源变化对沉积物磁性特征的影响.研究结果表明,该柱样磁性特征和粒度垂向变化显著.磁性参数χ、SIRM、χ_fd和χ_fd%与 2~4 μm、4~8 μm粒级含量呈相对较弱的正相关, 而χ_ARM、χ_ARM/SIRM和χ_ARM/χ与16 μm以下的各细颗粒组分有较强的正相关,表明CX21柱样沉积物磁性特征受到粒度变化的影响.利用BCR方法进行的铁的形态分析结果表明,CX21柱样170 cm深度以下具有较强的还原环境,磁性矿物受到较强的早期成岩作用影响.氧化还原不敏感元素Ti的垂向变化指示了物源变化,Ti向表层的增加与χ和SIRM向表层的增强具有同步性,说明物源变化也是CX21沉积物磁性特征影响的重要因素.尽管粒度组成和沉积速率不同,CX21与Y7柱样的磁性特征在垂向上具有相似性,表明磁性特征可作为长江口外沉积物地层对比的工具之一.     

Magnetic granulometry of recent sediments from the Huguang Maar and its implication for provenience

To understand the origin and its climatic implications of the Huguang Maar sediments, we conducted laser grain size analysis and rock mangtic measurement for the recent deposits from the Huguang Maar and for the volcanic rocks of the caldera for comparison. The grain size distributions are dominated by clayey silts for both the bulk sediments and magnetic separates. Acquisition of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) and thermal demagnetization of IRM suggest (titano) magnetite as the dominating magnetic mineral in the sediments; high coercivity minerals are not detected. Therefore, the ratio of the susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (k _ARM) to the weak field magnetic susceptibility (k), k _ARM/k can be used to estimate the grain size of magnetite. The sediments and volcanic rocks yield values of 13.7 and 11.8 for the k _ARM/_k, respectively, corresponding to grain size values of ～0.03 µm and ～0.05 µm. The magnetic granulometry of lake sediments is distinctive from one of the Chinese loess, in which published data suggest a value of 6.0 for k _ARM/_k, and grain size of ～0.1 µm, but is akin to the nearby volcanic rocks. Although a Loess Plateau source of the lake sediments cannot be fully ruled out, the catchment is most probably the main source. We explain the slightly finer magnetite grain size in sediments than in the volcanic rocks as being disintegrated of particles during erosion and transportation. We conclude that there is no evidence for aeolian input of the Loess Plateau dusts into the Huguang Maar, and the relationship between magnetic parameters of the lake sediments and winter monsoon intensity is probably more complicated than previously thought.     

REE geochemistry of suspended sediments from the rivers around the Yellow Sea and provenance indicators

Rare earth element (REE) compositions of the suspended sediments from the rivers around the Yellow Sea were different in that Korean river sediments (Han, Keum and Yeongsan Rivers) yield stronger fractionations than Chinese river sediments (Changjiang, Huanghe and Yalujiang), shown by obvious enrichments of LREE (light rare earth element) relative to UCC (upper continental crust).Variations of source rock compositions in the drainage basins are responsible for the differences of REE compositions between the river sediments. REE fractionation parameters including (La/Yb)ucc and (Gd/Yb)ucc as well as the ratios of La/Sc and Th/Sc can be treated as proper proxies for identifying the Chinese river sediments from those Korean river matters, and furthermore, for studying the provenances and paleoenvironmental changes of the marginal seas of China.     

川西北地区早中志留世生物礁发育特征初探

川西北地区早中志留世生物礁,是生活在以陆源沉积物为主的浅海陆棚环境中生屑滩上的点礁,生屑滩的形成为风暴作用所致,其发育受到埋藏反馈作用的影响。大量的陆源物质注入及带入的过剩养料是抑制生物礁发育的主要因素。     

Mineral magnetic properties of surface sediments at Bei’anhe, Beijing, and its environmental significance

A multiparameter investigation of surface sediments from the Bei＇anhe section （Beijing） has been conducted using environmental magnetic approaches. The studied sedimentary sequence consists of pluvial and lacustrine silts and clay of the Holocene age. Magnetite, hematite and pyrrhotite were identiffed as the dominant magnetic minerals. The mineral magnetic characteristics are considered to reflect the Holocene paleoenvironmental processes of the studied area, which are different from the mineral magnetic properties of typical polluted sections reported in the Beijing area. The low-field magnetic susceptibility and saturated isothermal remanence magnetization of the section decrease gradually with increasing depth. This indicates that the concentration of magnetic minerals in the strata decreases down the section. Values of interparametric ratios, such as ARM/SIRM, XARM/Xand SIRM/X, gradually increase with increasing depth, which indicates a down-section decreasing trend in the magnetic grain size of the sediments. Pyrrhotite occurs below the depth of 22 cm, suggesting the existence of redox interface. The magnetic variations of the Bei＇anhe surface sediments might be controlled by two geological processes： reductive diagenesis and pedogenesis. Our findings may have provided a reference point for magnetic investigation of polluted surface sediments in the Beijing area.     

吉隆盆地构造、环境演化与青藏高原隆升

位于喜马拉雅北麓的晚新生代吉隆断陷盆地,在中新世晚期-上新世沉积了总厚约300m的河湖相地层。根据沉积学、碳氧同位素及控盆构造分析,结合已有的古生物学孢粉学资料,恢复了晚新生代盆地构造控制、沉积环境、气候变动及其演变过程;探讨了构造演化和气候变动两者之间的耦合关系;指出盆地由早期半封闭型断陷湖盆,中期开放型湖盆,向后期封闭型湖盆的演化。     

三水盆地SB-01孔岩相类型及其古气候与古环境意义

三水盆地为华南一重要陆相沉积盆地,其沉积地层是重建古气候与古环境的良好材料。古气候与古环境研究是当前地球科学研究的重点与热点之一。以该盆地SB-01孔岩心沉积物为研究对象,分析其岩相类型及其古气候与古环境意义。三水盆地岩相类型包括纹层理显著的黑色泥页岩相、纹层理不显著的黑色泥页岩相、粉砂质泥岩相、灰岩相、碎屑岩相及石膏相,它们均具显著的古气候与古环境意义,可为本盆地SB-01孔岩心沉积时期古气候与古环境重建提供必要参考。     

Reversal of the net dinitrogen gas flux in coastal marine sediments

The flux of nitrogen from land and atmosphere to estuaries and the coastal ocean has increased substantially in recent decades. The observed increase in nitrogen loading is caused by population growth, urbanization, expanding water and sewer infrastructure, fossil fuel combustion and synthetic fertilizer consumption. Most of the nitrogen is removed by denitrification in the sediments of estuaries and the continental shelf, leading to a reduction in both cultural eutrophication and nitrogen pollution of the open ocean. Nitrogen fixation, however, is thought to be a negligible process in sub-tidal heterotrophic marine systems. Here we report sediment core data from Narragansett Bay, USA, which demonstrate that heterotrophic marine sediments can switch from being a net sink to being a net source of nitrogen. Mesocosm and core incubation experiments, together with a historic data set of mean annual chlorophyll production, support the idea that a climate-induced decrease in primary production has led to a decrease in organic matter deposition to the benthos and the observed reversal of the net sediment nitrogen flux. Our results suggest that some estuaries may no longer remove nitrogen from the water column. Instead, nitrogen could be exported to the continental shelf and the open ocean and could shift the effect of anthropogenic nitrogen loading beyond the immediate coastal zone.     

Vegetation evolution and millennial-scale climatic fluctuations since Last Glacial Maximum in pollen record from northern South China Sea

A large number of paleoclimate records reveal subMilankovitch climatic fluctuations on the millennial-scalesuperimposing on the Earth orbital cycles[1], such as theHeinrich ice draft events in the Atlantic (each intervalabout 7000–10000 a)[2,3], the Dansgaard/Oeschger (D-O)events (millennial-scale) in Greenland Ice Cores and theBond cycle composed of a Heinrcih event after severalD-O events[4]. At present, most recent work on millennial-scale climatic fluctuations focuses on the high lat…     

阿尔金山北麓晚新生代沉积物磁组构特征及其地质意义

阿尔金山北麓晚新生代沉积物比较敏感地记录了阿尔金山构造活动的历史.通过对若羌米兰河口剖面晚新生代沉积物沉积学和磁组构特征分析,发现中新世晚期以来该区地层沉积变化明显,岩石磁化率椭球体以压扁为主,磁面理发育,磁化率椭球体最小轴方向为NNE-SSW和NNW-SSE,推测阿尔金山晚新生代以来可能至少经历了中新世末-上新世初、晚上新世和中更新世三次重大构造活动历史.根据磁化率各向异性最小轴方向的变化,结合地层不整合关系、沉积物砾石成分和古水流方向变化以及区域研究成果,表明若羌一带地块晚上新世以来发生阶段性逆时针旋转,推断阿尔金断裂构造带的左走滑特征可能形成于晚上新世以后.