按有功和无功指标自动故障选择和排序的统一模型和统一算法

本文提出用网络规划法对预想事故进行自动选择和排序。网络规划法能适应网络拓朴结构的变更,极其容易地模拟发电和输电支路的停运,有利于事故的选择和排序,为电力系统N—1安全分析提供迫切的信息。文中根据电网中的有功和无功率之间存在弱耦合,采取有功和无功解耦进行自动故障选择和排序计算,分别以有功总负荷削减量和无功补偿量作为评定事故严重程度的性能指标,两类子问题采用统一模型和统一算法,且通用一个程序进行计算。文中对IEEE 5、14、30、57、118节点系统进行了计算,获得了较为满意的结果。     

用网络规划法进行事故自动选择

本文提出了用网络规划法对预想事故进行自动选择和排序,建立了基于经济性和安全性(负荷重要程度切除)的几种数学模型,以总负荷削减量或其加权值为性能指标,解算方法都采用不良状态校正法(OKA)。并以IEEE30节点系统在IBM-PC微机上进行验算,获得了满意的结果。     

考虑重构和分布式电源无功特性的主动配电网多目标日前调度

主动配电网的优化调度方案是配电网经济运行的核心,本文提出一种考虑配电网拓扑重构和分布式电源无功特性的主动配电网日前调度方案,建立配电网经济运行成本最小和系统网络损耗最小的多目标优化模型.该方案在资源优化配置时,考虑拓扑结构的改变对资源调度结果的影响,并且充分利用分布式电源的无功特性,尤其是常被忽视的风机和光伏的无功支持能力.通过该优化调度方案可确定配电网一天内各时段分布式电源的最优有功和无功出力、可中断负荷的参与量以及对应的各时段最优拓扑结构.该优化模型为非线性优化问题,采用万有引力搜索算法进行求解,最后通过修改的PG&E－69节点系统进行仿真验证.     

用层次分析法研究自动故障选择和排序

提出用层次分析法(AHP)研究电力系统中自动故障选择和排序问题;综合考虑了系统中线路的相对重要性,以及电网中输电线路事故停运后有功和无功参量违反约束的情况,能为电力系统安全分析或经济调度提供准确的信息。文中给出了算例及计算结果。     

风电接入的配电网无功补偿协调控制研究

低碳环保的风力发电带来清洁能源的同时,也因其间歇性与波动性的出力特性,给配电网的电压质量带来了一定程度挑战。采用静止电容器组以及SVC相结合方式对风机接入配电网进行无功补偿协调控制,为配网内用户提供高质量电能。提出了一种基于系统网络参数变动定理,对一次潮流计算结果进行调整,从而快速得到状态变化下潮流近似解改进计算方法,并将静止电容器组作为无功基础补偿部分,利用电压无功控制的灵敏度分析方法实现对SVC的实时无功补偿量控制。以改进IEEE-13节点配电系统作为算例,验证了该方法有效性。     

区域电网电压无功优化系统对电网的影响

电网无功合理控制是实现电网经济运行的重要手段之一,区域电网电压无功优化通过调度自动化SCA-DA系统采集伞网各节点遥测、遥信等实时数据进行在线分析和计算,在确保电网与设备安全运行的前提下,以各节点电压合格、省网关口功率因数合格、达到最经济运行状况为约束条件,从全网角度进行电压无功优化控制,实现无功补偿设备投入合理、无功分层就地平衡、电压合格,实现主变分接开关调节次数最少、电容器投切最合理、电压合格率最高、输电网损率最小的综合优化目标.系统最终形成有载调压变压器分接开关调节、无功补偿设备投切控制指令,从而实现对电网内各变电所的有载调压装置和无功补偿设备进行集中监视、集中管理和集中控制,实现对电网电压无功优化运行的闭环控制.     

QoS保证网络中的节点状态研究

网络资源的使用情况主要通过节点状态信息表达,其参数的选择在很大程度上决定了网络能支持怎样的QoS要求。通过分析现有网络机制,选择节点延时的概率密度函数作为节点状态信息参数,利用滤波器算法使其正态化,验证此节点状态函数应用于现有网络各类调度算法后,保持正态分布形式不变。这种节点状态的可描述化使得通过求解网络路径各节点延时的概率密度函数来有效地估计本路径的各度量参数变为现实。节点延时的正态化形式使节点状态获取、更新、业务分配、接纳控制及调度机制的计算变得简单,并在一定程度上有利于提高节点状态的平稳性,提高网络效率,达到为网络业务提供相应的统计服务质量保证的目标。     

基于灵敏度分析的无功补偿装置动作顺序研究

文章建立了以有功网损最小为目标函数的无功优化数学模型，利用非线性规划最优潮流算法进行了优化计算。并且研究了无功补偿装置采用不同的动作顺序对有功网损最小化的控制效果，提出了以有功网损控制效力为灵敏度指标的无功优化控制策略。Ward＆Hale 6节点系统和IEEE-14节点系统验证了算法和控制策略的有效性。     

基于遗传算法的FACTS网络最优潮流计算

基于遗传算法建立了一种新的含有FACTS元件的网络最优潮流模型。该模型引入了两种不同的FACTS元件，通过ward＆Hade-6节点系统进行仿真计算，得出用遗传算法选择最佳调节状态可较快达到系统总网损最小，且潮流都在安全极限内。该算法具有较好的实用性。     

基于网络结构和潮流追踪的电网关键节点识别

本文综合电网拓扑结构和基于潮流追踪技术,提出一种关键节点识别方法。首先根据潮流运算,得到电力网络中节点之间的潮流流向,然后对电力网络进行潮流追踪运算,得到节点之间的链接强度,并以此建立电网的加权有向网络模型,定义加权有向网络中的出、入强度,根据节点强度和负荷权重定义节点的重要性评价指标。以IEEE39节点系统和IEEE14节点系统为测试案例,得到各系统中节点的重要性排序。按照排序结果对节点进行过负荷攻击,以系统在节点受到攻击后潮流熵的变化来验证节点重要度排序是否合理,研究表明本文提出的方法在电网关键节点识别中更加合理有效。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the