水热法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其表征

采用两步低温水热法在Si片衬底上制备形貌规整的ZnO纳米棒阵列,纳米棒长度约为5μm.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、PL光谱测试对ZnO纳米棒的微观表面形貌和光学特性进行表征分析.探究制备过程中两次水热的生长液浓度对ZnO纳米棒形貌的影响,通过表征对比获得最优的生长液浓度范围.实验首先利用提拉退火等工序在衬底上获得ZnO的晶种层,再经过两次水热反应制备出分布均匀、有序生长、取向一致的较为理想的纳米棒阵列.     

两步水浴法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列的研究

通过预加热处理完成了氧化锌（ZnO）种子层的制备,在种子层退火之后利用水浴法生长制备了排列有序的ZnO纳米棒阵列.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和光致发光光谱（PL）分析了ZnO纳米棒阵列的表面形貌、结构和光学性质,考察了预处理温度和水洗时间对产物性能的影响.结果表明：预处理温度较低时无法形成ZnO种子层;制备的ZnO纳米棒阵列是纤锌矿结构;随着水浴时间的延长,ZnO纳米棒的长度逐渐增加.     

ZnO/Cu2O异质结的制备及其光电性能研究

通过两步法制备了由ZnO纳米棒阵列和Cu2O薄膜组成的异质结。首先利用低温湿化学法在掺氟的SnO2导电玻璃(比较FTO)上生长ZnO纳米棒阵列,然后在ZnO纳米棒阵列上通过水热法继续生长Cu2O薄膜,形成ZnO/Cu2O异质结。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪的表征结果得知,ZnO纳米棒阵列具有很好的c轴取向性,其长度为1μm;而Cu2O薄膜的厚度为1.5μm,其(111)面优先沿ZnO的(002)面外延生长。与ZnO纳米棒阵列相比,ZnO/Cu2O异质结在可见光范围内吸收强度明显增强。在模拟太阳光照射下(AM 1.5,100mW/cm2),由ZnO/Cu2O异质结构成的太阳能电池器件的开路电压为0.36V,短路电流密度为7.8mA/cm2,对应的填充因子为31%,光电转换效率为0.86%。     

低温水热制备ZnO纳米棒及其生长机理

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O为前驱体,在碱性环境中,低温水热方法直接制备了ZnO纳米棒.应用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对样品进行了表征;通过光催化降解亚甲基蓝来评价ZnO的光催化活性;对60℃,1～24 h范围内不同水热样品,进行了形貌观察,分析了ZnO的形核过程.结果表明:ZnO为六边棱柱状纳米棒,晶型为纤锌矿结构;ZnO纳米棒的表观生长速率约为0.7μm/h,表观形核时间约为3 min;碱性条件是影响形核的重要因素;光催化活性随水热时间的增加而增强.     

水热法制备WO3纳米棒阵列及其光催化性能

采用水热法,以Na2WO4·2H2O为原料,NaCl为添加剂,直接在氧化铟锡透明导电基底上制备了有序WO3纳米棒阵列.利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和高分辨透射电子显微镜等手段对制备的纳米棒进行了表征,考察了pH值对产物形貌、尺寸和取向性的影响.结果表明:单根WO3纳米棒具有六方单晶结构,随着前驱液pH值的增大,平行于基底生长的WO3纳米棒捆逐渐转变为垂直于基底生长的纳米棒阵列.另外,对制备得到的两种不同取向的WO3纳米棒结构进行了光催化降解甲基蓝溶液的研究,发现相比于WO3纳米棒捆结构,纳米棒阵列的光催化性能更高.     

ZnO纳米棒阵列的可控制备、改性及其光催化性能研究

通过一步电沉积法在不锈钢网基底上制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,然后采用水热法在ZnO纳米棒上包覆C,制得C/ZnO纳米复合结构。借助SEM、XRD、TEM、UV-Vis等对相关样品的形貌、结构、物相组成及光催化性能进行表征。结果表明,在沉积电压为-1.0 V的条件下所制备的ZnO纳米棒阵列具有长度适中、分布均匀及垂直取向的结构特点,纳米棒平均直径和长度分别为150 nm和1.35μm,在紫外光照射下其对亚甲基蓝的降解效率可达95.1%,催化稳定性良好;制得的C/ZnO纳米复合结构在可见光照射下对亚甲基蓝的降解效率相比ZnO纳米棒阵列有明显提升,并具有较高的催化稳定性。     

微波水热法制备ZnO/氧化石墨烯及其光电化学性能研究

利用微波水热法在316L不锈钢片基底上制备一维ZnO纳米阵列/氧化石墨烯(ZnO/GO)复合材料,借助SEM、TEM、UV-Vis及可见光光照下的恒电位i-t曲线等手段,对加入氧化石墨烯浓度不同的ZnO/GO样品的形貌、结构及光电化学性能进行表征。结果表明,ZnO纳米棒均匀垂直于316L不锈钢基底生长,GO片层嵌入在ZnO纳米棒结构中间;GO的引入促进了ZnO中产生的光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而使ZnO/GO复合材料相较于ZnO具有更佳的光电化学性能。当加入GO溶液浓度为0.5mg/mL时,所制样品中ZnO纳米棒阵列发育完善、排列致密,样品的光电流密度达到18μA/cm~2,为纯一维ZnO纳米结构相应值的3.6倍。     

Co掺杂对ZnO纳米棒阵列的结构和性质的影响

通过70℃水热反应制备高密度排列的Zn1-xCoxO(x=0.05,0.10和0.15,统记为ZnCoO)纳米棒阵列,用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和光致发光光谱(PL)进行表征.结果表明:Co2+替代Zn2+掺入了ZnO的晶格中,纳米棒沿[0001]方向垂直生长在含ZnO种子层的玻璃上,纳米棒平均直径约为150nm,长4.5μm.ZnO种子层和Co掺杂在ZnCoO纳米棒成核和择优生长中起着重要作用.PL光谱是由宽紫外光带(UV)和可见光(VL)构成.ZnCoO纳米棒阵列UV峰位与纯ZnO的相比发生了蓝移.随着Co含量的增加,UV峰明显宽化并发生红移.文中对紫外峰的宽化和红移起因以及ZnCoO阵列的形成机制进行了讨论.     

图案化氧化锌在能源器件中的应用

ZnO作为一种典型的直接带隙宽禁带半导体材料极具开发潜力和应用价值.随着图案化技术的不断发展优化,ZnO纳米棒阵列的精确可控制备逐步得到实现.本文综述了利用激光限域技术制备图案化ZnO纳米棒阵列的方法,并详述了其在太阳能电池和光电化学电池中的应用.激光干涉法制备的ZnO纳米阵列比表面积大且具有直线传输的优势,运用于光伏器件和电化学电池中增加了光吸收同时利于载流子传输,器件性能显著提高.图案化ZnO纳米棒阵列具有可控的三维空间结构,广泛应用关于各类能源器件中,具有极大的研究和应用价值.     

自催化脉冲激光沉积方法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列

采用脉冲激光沉积方法在ZnO作为缓冲层的InP（100）衬底上制备了高密度ZnO纳米棒阵列．扫描电子显微镜图像显示ZnO缓冲层形成较为均匀的岛状结构,ZnO纳米棒具有垂直于衬底的统一生长方向．X射线衍射测试在34．46°出现尖锐的衍射峰,说明ZnO纳米棒具有（002）择优取向．PL谱在380nm出现强的近带边发射峰,在495nm出现弱的深能级发射峰,表明ZnO纳米棒具有较好的光学性质．本实验制备的高质量ZnO纳米棒阵列有望在现在和未来的纳米器件制作中得到应用．     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.