斜直井中扭矩和轴力共同作用下钻柱的屈曲问题

利用能量方法研究了轴向载荷和扭矩共同作用下钻柱的屈曲问题 ,着重研究了扭矩对钻柱屈曲的影响 ,理论分析和实验验证均发现 ,轴向载荷、井斜角和扭矩是影响钻柱屈曲的重要因素。当其他条件相同时 ,钻柱的屈曲载荷随井斜角的增加而增加 ,呈非线性 ;扭矩使钻柱的屈曲载荷明显降低 ,并且随井斜角的增大 ,降低的幅度减小 ;扭矩值越大 ,钻柱的刚度越小 ,钻柱屈曲载荷的降低程度就越显著。     

考虑扭矩影响的弯曲井眼内钻柱屈曲特性分析

分析了弯曲井眼内钻柱屈曲特性,推导了考虑扭矩影响下的弯曲井眼内钻柱屈曲微分方程和屈曲临界载荷计算模型。针对ϕ215.9 mm井眼内的ϕ127.0 mm钻杆,建立了增斜和降斜井段钻柱的有限元模型,对比分析了考虑和不考虑扭矩影响时的钻柱屈曲特性。结果表明,钻柱正弦屈曲构型与扭矩无关,而只与钻柱所受轴向载荷有关,扭矩对螺旋屈曲构型影响较大。数值模拟得到的弯曲井段不同造斜率下的钻柱屈曲临界载荷与解析解的相对误差在15%以内,证明了数值模拟的可靠性。弯曲井眼内施加扭矩后,螺旋角位移增大,正弦和螺旋屈曲临界载荷降低。钻柱正弦屈曲形态变化较小,扭矩对螺旋屈曲变形的影响更大。增斜井段钻柱从顶部开始发生正弦和螺旋屈曲,钻柱底部保持平衡状态;在降斜井段,不考虑扭矩时,初始正弦和螺旋屈曲均首先出现在钻柱下部,考虑扭矩影响时,降斜段初始正弦屈曲出现在钻柱上部,初始螺旋屈曲同时出现在钻柱上部和下部。相对于增斜段,降斜段钻柱屈曲临界轴向载荷非常小,说明增斜井段发生屈曲的可能性相对较小,降斜井段则很容易发生屈曲。结果有望为水平井、大位移井弯曲井眼内钻柱设计、屈曲控制与强度校核提供参考。     

基于能量法的定向井中造斜段下凹管柱屈曲临界载荷分析

运用最小势能原理导出定向井造斜段下凹管柱屈曲载荷计算公式。以常见管柱参数为例,编制了相应的MATLAB程序,计算了不同条件下管柱屈曲临界载荷,分析了井眼曲率半径、平均井斜角、油套径向间隙对管柱临界屈曲载荷的影响。分析结果表明:定向井造斜段下凹管柱屈曲临界载荷随井眼曲率半径的增大呈指数递减趋势,随平均井斜角的增大而指数递增;管柱壁厚的增加会提高管柱抵抗屈曲变形的能力,但这种影响会随井眼曲率半径、油套管径向间隙的增大而减小。本文研究结果可为定向井射孔、试油、改造及完井投产管柱组合及下入提供参考。     

钻柱在考虑扭矩时非线性屈曲的DQE法

给出了圆柱面坐标中受径向约束钻柱屈曲的平衡微分方程。得到斜直井内钻柱屈曲分析的DQE(Differential Quadrature Element)法列式。用DQE法对斜直井内钻柱的非线性屈曲进行了计算分析。结果表明:在相同的轴向荷载下扭矩对钻杆的非线性屈曲位移和钻杆的分布约束力影响很小,扭矩对钻杆的螺旋屈曲临界荷载有影响,扭矩的作用使得钻柱螺旋屈曲临界荷载增大。     

斜直井眼中钻柱侧向屈曲的研究

利用能量法，推导了斜直井眼中钻柱的侧向屈曲临界荷载，在力学模型中，考虑了钻柱自重和井斜的影响，给出了斜直井眼中钻柱侧向屈曲临界荷载的一般形式，对于给定截面尺寸的钻柱，临界荷载是钻柱长度的函数，且随井斜角的变化而变化。在确定实际钻柱的临界荷载时，要充分考虑井眼的具体情况。讨论了发生高阶屈曲的条件，所得结果可供工程计算参考。     

斜直井眼中钻柱侧向屈曲的研究

利用能量法，推导了斜直井眼中钻柱的侧向屈曲临界荷载．在力学模型中，考虑了钻柱自重和井斜的影响，给出了斜直井眼中钻柱侧向屈曲临界荷载的一般形式．对于给定截面尺寸的钻柱，临界荷载是钻柱长度的函数，且随井斜角的变化而变化．在确定实际钻柱的临界荷载时，要充分考虑井眼的具体情况．讨论了发生高阶屈曲的条件，所得结果可供工程计算参考．     

考虑自重的斜井钻柱稳定性

钻柱轴向力是井眼倾角、钻柱摩擦系数及钻柱浮重的函数,将此函数代入斜井钻柱挠曲线方程,并采用无穷级数法求解,确定钻柱长度系数与临界屈曲压力系数之间的关系.结果表明:当钻柱长度系数增加时,临界屈曲压力系数趋于常数;钻进过程中钻柱很容易发生屈曲,在进行钻柱摩阻扭矩分析时,考虑钻柱的屈曲很有必要.     

定向井中造斜段下凹管柱屈曲性能分析

在定向井的造斜段,由于井眼轨迹的下凹,位于其中的管柱在重力与井眼的约束下存在初始下凹弯曲。为了了解定向井造斜段管柱的屈曲性能,运用最小势能原理推导出定向井造斜段下凹管柱屈曲载荷计算公式,分析了井斜角、造斜段井眼曲率半径对管柱屈曲载荷的影响。算例分析结果表明,随井斜角的和井眼曲率的增大,管柱屈曲临界载荷增加,管柱的纵向稳定性提高。     

塔河油田同心随钻扩眼钻柱动力学研究

老井侧钻是解决塔河油田含水率增加的主要技术,但井眼直径变小会对后续作业产生很大的影响,应用随钻扩眼技术可以解决此问题。但也存在钻柱动力学稳定性差、扩眼效果不理想和钻速低等问题。基于弹性力学理论及有限元分析方法,考虑弯曲井眼中钻柱受力、钻柱结构和领眼钻头与扩眼工具处钻压扭矩分配等因素的影响,由该区一口实例井扩眼参数建立了侧钻井同心随钻扩眼钻柱瞬态动力学模型。并研究BHA在小井眼中的运动状态,全钻柱关键位置动应力变化、井口轴向力、井口扭矩、钻柱轴向加速度和钻柱等效应力随加载时间的变化,模拟结果可为研究同心随钻扩眼钻柱的动力学性能和优化随钻扩眼施工参数提供了理论支持。     

超深水平井钻柱动力学研究及强度校核

超深井钻井过程中钻具失效事故频繁发生,钻柱动力学特性研究对增加钻具安全性具有重要作用。考虑真实井眼轨迹、钻头与地层相互作用、钻柱与井壁接触及钻井液黏滞作用等因素的影响,建立了全井钻柱动力学特性仿真模型,模拟了不同钻压及转速下钻柱不同截面轴向力、扭矩、位移及等效应力等随时间的变化,采用第四强度理论计算了井口钻具的安全系数,校核了超深水平井钻具强度。分析结果表明,井口轴向力和等效应力表现为低频变化,MWD处等效应力和加速度表现为高频振动且其横向振动比轴向振动更加剧烈;在钻压和转速较小的情况下,钻压和转速对井口轴向载荷、井口扭矩、井口等效应力及井口安全系数影响不大;MWD处等效应力随钻压的增加而增大,其横向加速度随转速的增加幅值显著增大;对于井深超过8 000 m、井眼尺寸φ120.65 mm及φ114.3 mm的G105钻杆,动力学分析得到的井口安全系数大部分时间内在1.2附近波动,钻具总体是安全的。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to