镀锌层三价铬与六价铬钝化膜的性能

为了以三价铬替代镀锌层钝化溶液中的六价铬,实现镀锌工艺的清洁生产,利用中性盐雾实验(NSS)、Tafel曲线和扫描电镜对镀锌层三价铬和六价铬钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能、电化学行为、耐高温性能和表面结构进行了比较研究.NSS实验结果表明,三价铬钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能高于六价铬钝化膜,NSS时间可达84 h;Tafel曲线表明,三价铬钝化膜的腐蚀速率低于六价铬钝化膜,耐高温性能则高于六价铬钝化膜;SEM照片显示,三价铬钝化膜的表面形貌为致密结构,高温处理后膜层变化不大,而六价铬钝化膜表面为疏松的网状结构.     

镀锌层无铬硅酸盐彩色钝化成膜机理及性能

针对镀锌层可显著提高钢铁零件的耐蚀性能,但在潮湿的环境中其表面易被腐蚀产生白锈,从而失去对基体的保护作用的问题,制备了A3钢镀锌层表面的无铬硅酸盐彩色钝化膜,以进一步提高其耐蚀性能,并使用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、中性盐雾试验和电化学工作站,研究了膜层的组分、成膜的过程及耐蚀性能.研究结果表明:钝化膜的主要成分为Zn4Si2O7-(OH)2·2H2O,Si O2,Zn O和Zn(OH)2,其中性盐雾试验出白锈时间能够达到75 h,与市场上广泛应用的三价格(Cr3+)钝化膜相当.     

纳米SiO_2三价铬彩色钝化膜材料的制备及其性能研究

通过调整温度、时间和pH值,在钝化液中加入SiO2纳米材料,制备性能优良的纳米三价铬彩色钝化剂。采用中性盐雾实验(NSS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和X射线荧光(XRF)等方法对加入SiO2前后的钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能进行比较,同时对钝化膜的结构、化学成分和空间分布进行表征。NSS实验结果表明,加入SiO2纳米材料的三价铬钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能提高了1倍。     

钛对镀锌层硅酸盐钝化膜的影响

为了研究钛离子对硅酸钝化膜的微观形貌、化学组成及耐蚀性能的影响,在硅酸盐钝化液中加入钛离子,通过SEM、XPS、交流阻抗谱(EIS)及中性盐雾试验(NSS)进行研究.试验结果表明:钛离子的加入可控制硅酸钝化膜成膜速度,细化颗粒,使钝化膜膜层平整、致密、无裂纹,且微粒团聚物颗粒变小;同时,钛离子参与反应生成的Ti O2颗粒可填充膜层的空隙,增加膜层致密度,显著提高膜层的耐蚀性;钝化过程是复杂的多相反应,最终得到膜层的主要组成为Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·2H2O,Si O2,Zn O,Zn(OH)2和Ti O2.     

镀锌层无铬黑色钝化膜成分及其耐蚀性能

为解决铬酸盐对环境的污染以及人体的伤害,本文采用新研发的硅酸盐黑色钝化工艺代替铬盐黑色钝化工艺,在镀锌层表面形成一层乌黑油亮的钝化膜.通过中性盐雾试验和电化学实验测试表明该钝化膜可以大大的提高镀层的耐蚀性能;通过SEM和金相观测到钝化后镀层的表面质量得到很大的提高;通过X光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明钝化膜由Zn、O、N、S、P以及Si元素组成,其中硅元素以胶态的SiO2和Zn5Si3O7(OH)2(PO4)2·4H2O的形式存在,并据XPS对黑色钝化膜的形成作出简要分析.     

工业生产TiO2颗粒表面Al2O3包膜的研究

以尿素为沉淀剂,用强迫水解方法对工业生产TiO2颗粒表面进行了A l2O3包膜表面改性.研究了氧化钛粉体分散性与pH值关系,包膜pH、温度及陈化时间等影响.采用FESEM、XRD和Zeta电位仪进行表征,结果表明:在碱性条件下可以在TiO2颗粒表面获得较理想的A l2O3包膜;工业生产TiO2颗粒进行A l2O3包膜表面改性,包膜层晶体结构以γ-A l2O3为主,分散性和稳定性提高.     

成果推广

彩色镀锌新工艺传统的镀锌层除了有优良的防腐蚀性之外，也可以通过彩色钝化、白色钝化、黑色钝化等工艺获得一定的装饰效果。该工艺实际上包括了电镀锌加钝化等多道工序。现介绍的彩色镀锌新工艺就是通过向电镀锌液中加入一定的发色剂等物质，使直接电镀出来的镀锌层为黄、蓝、紫、占铜、彩色等多种色彩，这样获得的色泽牢固，而且可以通过控制电流、时间等参数获得某一种彩色，镀层的防腐蚀在施加了表面保护剂之后有较大提高，因而具有良好的应用前景。溶液主要成分为：ＺｎＣｌ　２４０ｇ／Ｌ、ＫＣｌ８０～１００ｇ／Ｌ、发色剂２０～４…     

添加剂用量对钼酸盐失效转化液再生的影响

热镀锌钢板广泛应用于建筑、汽车和家电领域。化学转化处理能够提高镀锌钢板的耐腐蚀性能。钼酸盐钝化被认为是取代传统铬酸盐钝化工艺的有效途径,成为镀锌钢板环境友好型钝化技术的发展方向。研究了添加剂用量对热浸镀锌钢板钼酸盐失效处理液再生的影响。采用电化学技术评价了转化膜的耐腐蚀性能,极化曲线结果表明,少量添加剂的加入能够使失效的转化液恢复钝化能力,累计处理面积能达到240 cm2;加入适量添加剂后,累计处理面积可达840cm2,明显提高有效处理面积;加入过量添加剂后得到的转化膜耐蚀性降低。SEM观察表明,加入适量添加剂后形成的转化膜表面平整、均匀。     

锌镀层铬酸钝化膜的X光电子能谱研究

本文用X光电子能谱(XPS)研究氰化镀锌层和D-I锌酸盐镀锌层钝化膜的组成。结果表明;上述两种锌镀层钝化膜的XPS图完全相同,试样存放七个月无影响;对谱图的Cr峰和O峰进行展开分析,从而确定彩虹钝化膜的组成为5Cr_2O_3·4CrO_3·xH_2O,绿色钝化膜的组成为5Cr_2O_3·2CrO_3·yH_2O_3不同的钝化膜试样含水量的差别较大,可能由于制作条件未严格控制所致。     

热浸镀锌钢板钼酸盐复合钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能

应用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱方法研究钼酸盐与丙烯酸树脂复合钝化膜在3.5%的NaCl溶液中的电化学性能,采用中性盐雾试验和盐水浸泡试验检测试样耐腐蚀性能,利用扫描电子显微镜观察钝化膜的微观形貌.与未经钝化的热浸镀锌钢板和经铬酸盐钝化的热浸镀锌钢板相比,钼酸盐与丙烯酸树脂复合钝化的热浸镀锌钢板抗腐蚀性较好,其腐蚀电位更正,...     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.