退火温度对超细晶中锰TRIP钢组织性能的影响

为研究连续退火工艺生产中锰TRIP钢汽车板的可行性,在钢板连续退火模拟机CCT--AY--Ⅱ上研究了590~710℃不同退火温度下保温3 min对低碳中锰钢组织性能的影响.利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子背散射衍射和X射线能谱分析等微观分析方法对实验钢进行了组织结构和成分表征,利用X射线衍射法测量了残余奥氏体量,通过拉伸试验机测试了钢的单轴拉伸性能.结果表明:保温3min时,随着保温温度的升高,残奥含量先增加后减少.在650℃退火时断后伸长率(21.3%)和强塑积(28GPa·%)获得最大值,抗拉强度达到1330MPa.马氏体基体通过回复,而残余奥氏体通过孪晶,获得超细晶组织.亚稳奥氏体的TRIP效应和超细晶铁素体(马氏体)共同提供了实验钢高的塑性.实验钢真实应力--应变曲线上呈现锯齿状现象,且稳定阶段加工硬化指数远高于传统TRIP钢.     

低碳中锰热轧TRIP钢退火工艺及组织演变

研究了第三代高强度高塑性TRIP钢的退火工艺对性能的影响和组织演变规律.热轧后形成的原始马氏体与临界退火时形成的残余奥氏体使TRIP钢具有良好的强度和塑性.结果表明:实验用钢可获得1000MPa以上的抗拉强度和30%以上的断后延伸率,且强塑积30 GPa.%;退火温度和保温时间对钢的力学性能具有显著影响,热轧TRIP钢临界退火温度为630℃,保温时间18 h时,实验用钢能获得最佳的综合力学性能.     

热镀锌工艺对无Si含P的TRIP钢力学性能影响

利用光学显微镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射和拉伸试验等方法,分析测试了热镀锌工艺对无Si含P的TRIP钢力学性能和微观组织的影响.结果表明:实验用钢可获得780 MPa以上的抗拉强度和24%以上的断后延伸率.在热镀锌工艺中,两相区加热温度和贝氏体等温温度对钢的力学性能影响较小,而贝氏体等温时间的影响最为显著.当贝氏体等温时间由20 s增加到60 s时,实验用钢的屈服强度上升了65 MPa,抗拉强度下降了45 MPa,延伸率大幅度增加,从23.01%增加到27.56%,出现最佳的综合力学性能.无Si含P热镀锌TRIP钢的微观组织由铁素体、贝氏体、残余奥氏体和马氏体组成,随着贝氏体等温时间的减少,钢中残余奥氏体含量和稳定性降低,相应地,马氏体含量明显增加,实验用钢从典型的TRIP钢力学特征慢慢转变为与双相钢相似的力学特征.     

含铌TRIP钢连续退火后的组织性能及强化机理

在实验室模拟了含铌与无铌TRIP钢的连续退火工艺过程,通过金相显微技术(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、背散射电子衍射技术(EBSD)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉伸实验等检测手段研究了TRIP钢的组织性能,分析了TRIP钢中残余奥氏体稳定性的影响因素及强化机理.结果表明:在连续退火工艺条件下,Nb的存在细化了TRIP钢的微观组织,与未添加Nb的钢相比,添加Nb可以提高TRIP钢中残余奥氏体含量和残余奥氏体碳含量.含铌TRIP钢中残余奥氏体主要以团块状或薄膜状分布于铁素体与贝氏体晶界,极少部分以细小球状分布于铁素体晶内.含铌TRIP钢热轧后的主要析出物为Fe3C和(Nb,Ti)(C,N),退火后的主要析出物为(Nb,Ti)(C,N).细小含铌析出物的析出强化导致了随着退火温度的升高,屈服强度和抗拉强度升高.     

退火温度对退火马氏体基TRIP钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

将C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢通过完全淬火和两相区退火相结合的工艺,得到一种以退火马氏体为基体的TRIP钢(简称TAM钢),并对比分析了TAM钢在不同温度退火后的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明,TAM钢经退火后的显微组织特征为精细规整的板条退火马氏体基体、片状残余奥氏体和贝氏体/马氏体组成的混合组织.这种组织降低了基体的硬度以及基体和第二相之间的强度比,减少了基体的位错密度.随着退火温度的提高,退火马氏体基体的板条形态逐渐消失,新生马氏体/贝氏体的团状混合组织逐渐增多.当退火温度为780℃时,综合力学性能优异,抗拉强度为1130 MPa,延伸率可达20%,强塑积为22600 MPa·%.当退火温度较低时,残余奥氏体主要以片状存在于退火马氏体板条间,有利于TRIP效应的发生.     

预处理组织对低碳钢IQ&P工艺下组织及性能影响

采用γ单相区和γ+α双相区轧制并淬火工艺以及双相区再加热-淬火-碳配分( IQ&P)工艺,研究预处理组织对低碳钢室温状态多相组织特征及力学性能的影响规律. 实验用低碳钢经两种工艺轧制并淬火处理,获得马氏体和马氏体+铁素体的预处理组织,再经双相区IQ&P工艺处理后均获得多相组织. 马氏体预处理钢的室温组织由板条状亚温铁素体、块状回火马氏体以及一定比例的针状未回火马氏体和8. 2%的针状残余奥氏体组成;马氏体+铁素体预处理钢由板条状亚温铁素体、块状和针状未回火马氏体以及14. 3%的短针状或块状残余奥氏体组成. 在相同的双相区IQ&P工艺参数下,预处理组织为马氏体的钢抗拉强度为770 MPa,伸长率为28%,其强塑积为21560 MPa·%;而预处理组织为马氏体+铁素体的钢抗拉强度为834 MPa,伸长率增大到36. 2%,强塑积达到30190 MPa·%,获得强度与塑性的优良结合.     

780MPa级热镀锌用TRIP钢退火工艺及组织演变

研究了热镀锌用高强TRIP钢的退火工艺对性能的影响和组织演变规律. 结果表明:实验用钢可获得780.00MPa以上的抗拉强度和24.00%以上的断后延伸率;两相区加热温度和贝氏体保温时间对钢的力学性能具有显著影响,两相区加热温度为850℃,贝氏体保温时间为30s时,实验用钢能获得最佳的综合力学性能;在贝氏体中温相变后,仍有部分亚稳奥氏体(碳含量较低)在后续冷却过程中发生马氏体相变,从而导致钢退火后的微观组织由铁素体、贝氏体、残余奥氏体和马氏体组成.     

两相区退火温度对2%Al冷轧TRIP钢组织及性能的影响

两相区退火温度是影响TRIP钢显微组织和力学性能的重要工艺参数之一,因此有必要优化两相区退火温度使TRIP钢获得最佳的强韧性配合。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和拉伸试验机研究了两相区退火温度对0.25C-1.5Mn-2.0Al冷轧TRIP钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:在770~850℃退火并450℃贝氏体等温5 min处理后,实验钢的显微组织为铁素体、贝氏体和残余奥氏体。随着退火温度的升高,实验钢中的铁素体和残余奥氏体体积分数增加、贝氏体体积分数减少,屈服强度和抗拉强度降低。     

退火时间对中锰热轧TRIP钢组织演变的影响

为了研究热轧Fe-6Mn-3Al TRIP钢组织演变和力学性能,对实验钢采用淬火+不同时间退火(ART)的热处理工艺.研究发现,随着退火时间的增加,奥氏体晶粒尺寸增大、稳定性降低,冷却过程中部分奥氏体相变为马氏体;其中退火10 min后,实验钢性能最优,其残余奥氏体体积分数能达到50.3%,抗拉强度765 M Pa,总延伸率达到49.1%;拉断后实验钢中的奥氏体含量减少,马氏体含量增加,其中,退火10 min后的实验钢TRIP效应最为明显,奥氏体体积分数由变形前的50.3%降低到变形后的11%,奥氏体转化率为78%.     

退火时间对冷轧中锰TRIP钢组织和力学性能的影响

采用CCT-AY-Ⅱ型钢板连续退火机模拟分析了退火时间对中锰TRIP钢0.1C-7Mn组织性能的影响规律.利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子背散射衍射和X射线能量色散谱等研究了不同工艺下制备的0.1C-7Mn钢的微观组织和成分,利用X射线衍射法测量了残留奥氏体量,利用拉伸试验测试了其力学性能.0.1C-7Mn钢在650℃保温3 min退火后获得最佳的综合力学性能,其强度为1329 MPa,总延伸率为21.3%,强塑积为28 GPa·%.分析认为,0.1C-7Mn钢的高塑性是由亚稳奥氏体的TRIP效应和超细晶铁素体共同提供的,而高强度是由退火冷却过程中奥氏体转变的马氏体和拉伸变形过程中TRIP效应转变的马氏体的强化作用造成的.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to