耕地破碎化与区域贫困空间格局及耦合协调发展研究——以百色市田阳县贫困村为例

鉴于精准化理念是精准扶贫思想的核心要义,本文以较小的评价单元村级为研究单位,使研究结果更为精细。在构建耕地破碎化及区域贫困评价体系基础上,利用空间相关性模型进行空间分异分析,绘制耕地破碎化-区域贫困散点图进行相关性分析,借鉴物理容量概念与容量耦合系数模型,建立耕地破碎化与区域贫困耦合关联评价体系,引入耦合协调度模型,对百色市田阳县52个贫困村2015年耕地破碎化与区域贫困空间格局及两子系统的耦合协调发展进行实证分析。结果表明:(1)区域贫困与耕地破碎化空间分布规律有差异;耕地破碎化程度总体较高,空间分异东部耕地破碎化较严重,西部耕地破碎化较轻微,耕地破碎化Moran’s I指数为0.210,空间正相关,存在集聚现象;区域贫困程度空间分异东部与西部的区域贫困程度较高,中部地区贫困度较低,区域贫困程度未通过Moran’s I指数检验,空间集聚现象不显著。(2)耕地破碎化与区域贫困具有一定空间相关性,大部分行政村散点落在耕地破碎化-区域贫困散点图的Ⅳ-Ⅰ与Ⅴ-Ⅰ区域内,其耕地破碎化程度较高但区域贫困度较低,耕作条件相对滞后。(3)耕地破碎化与区域贫困耦合协调发展类型从高度协调(Ⅰ)到临界失调(Ⅵ)跨越六个等级。耦合协调发展度Moran’s I指数为0.129,空间正相关性,存在集聚现象。     

基于PSR框架的甘肃省环县耕地生态安全评价

以生态退化区甘肃环县为研究区,通过构建"压力-状态-响应"(PSR)模型,从自然、经济和社会3个方面选取20个评价指标,建立耕地生态安全评价指标体系,计算耕地生态安全指数并划分安全等级,对2005-2016年环县耕地生态安全变化状况进行定量分析.结果表明:①基于PSR模型的评价指标体系能够较好地反映耕地生态系统各个要素之间的关联,适用于区域耕地生态安全的综合评价.②2005-2016年期间,环县耕地生态安全水平逐渐提高,生态功能有所改善,耕地生态安全经历了"恶化-敏感-安全"的演变过程.③单项指标的变化表明环县2005-2016年间人口密度、人均耕地面积、土地垦殖率、单位面积耕地化肥施用量、年降水量以及工业废水排放达标率变化明显,是影响区域耕地生态安全状况的关键因素.今后在加强对耕地数量保护的同时,应采取休耕等耕地休养方式加强耕地质量和耕地生态建设与维护,致力于耕地生态系统的恢复和重建,促进区域耕地可持续利用.     

基于ESDA的国内旅游流规模时空差异分析

1997-2011年时间序列上国内各地区旅游流规模时空差异的分析结果显示：国内旅游流规模区域间的绝对差异逐渐扩大，相对差异呈现出缓慢下降、波动发展和快速下降3个发展阶段。各年份国内旅游流规模全局Moran’s I值均为正值，国内旅游流规模分布存在着一定的空间集聚性， Moran散点图显示的各年份区域旅游流规模空间分布特征没有太大差异。 LISA聚集图和局部Moran’s I分析表明，随着时间的变动，逐渐形成了以山东、江苏和安徽为核心的发达国内旅游业聚集区，而新疆和甘肃一直处于冷点区域，四川和海南则一直为HL和LH的显著代表区域。     

Moran’s I指数与DEM 网格大小关系的研究

数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,简称DEM)作为真实地形的一种数字化模拟,网格间存在着某种空间自相关性.Moran’s I是一种常见的空间自相关程度量化指标.为了研究Moran’s I与DEM网格大小之间的关系,文章在分辨率为30 m×30 m的DEM上随机选取了35个采样点.又以每个采样点为中心,选取n×n(n=3,5,7,…,25)大小的DEM网格,计算并记录对应于每个网格的Moran’s I指数值,绘出各采样点的Moran’s I指数值随n变化的曲线.研究发现:大多数采样点的Moran’s I曲线呈现出一致的变化趋势;同时发现少数采样点的Moran’s I曲线出现局部的变化异常.对这些异常进行分析后发现,Moran’s I值随n变化的趋势与DEM网格高程值的离散程度(地形)有关.     

喀斯特山区耕地细碎化与地貌类型的空间关联性——以贵州修文县为例

了解不同地貌耕地细碎化分异规律,为合理有效利用和整治耕地资源提供参考。以贵州省修文县为研究对象,选取耕作距离指数、地块面积指数和地块形状指数3个指标,测度贵州省修文县不同地貌区耕地细碎化程度,分析耕地细碎化程度与地貌类型的空间关联特征。研究表明:修文县坝子、丘陵和山地均有分布,地貌类型复杂;修文县耕地细碎化综合指数最高值为0.863,最低值0.110,各行政村耕地细碎化程度存在明显差异;耕地细碎化格局受地形地貌影响呈现一定的规律性,山地村的耕地细碎化程度普遍高于丘陵村和坝区村;修文县耕地细碎化综合指数、耕作距离指数、地块面积指数、地块形状指数的Moran′s I指数均大于0,耕地细碎化空间分布具有空间正相关性。针对区域不同地貌类型应采取差别化的细碎耕地整治策略。     

乡村“三生”空间发展水平综合评价与耦合协调分析——以绵阳市游仙区为例

乡村"三生"空间发展水平评价与耦合协调度的测度是探索乡村"三生"空间特征以及明晰其空间子系统内在联系的有效途径。以绵阳市游仙区为研究对象,构建了乡村"三生"空间综合评价指标体系和协调度模型,通过对研究区乡村"三生"空间发展水平进行评价以及各乡镇"三生"空间耦合协调度进行测算表明:游仙区各乡镇"三生"空间综合发展水平评价分值在空间分布上存在显著的空间正相关,且呈现"西高东低"高值聚集的空间分异特征。"三生"空间耦合协调度值在乡镇间的差异显著,有54.2%的乡镇处于失调衰退阶段;乡村"生活生产-生态空间"、"生活生产-生态生产空间"以及"生态-生态生产空间"耦合协调情况在空间子系统两两耦合协调中相对较差。     

耕地资源安全预警系统研究——以重庆市为例

耕地是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础资源。本研究立足于耕地资源安全的内涵,探索了耕地资源安全预警系统的基本方法和技术体系。研究首先构建了包括耕地资源数量、质量、生态和制度安全四个方面17个评价指标,对重庆市2001-2007年的耕地资源安全状况进行了耕地资源安全评价,在此基础上,建立了耕地资源安全预警系统,对重庆市2001-2007年七年的耕地资源安全警度进行了划分。研究发现,重庆市的耕地资源安全总体良好,2005年为无警;2001、2004、2007年为轻警,基本安全;2002、2003、2006年为中警。研究结果为区域进一步进行耕地资源保护、保障耕地可持续利用提供了依据。     

基于ESDA的国内旅游流规模时空差异分析

1997—2011年时间序列上国内各地区旅游流规模时空差异的分析结果显示:国内旅游流规模区域间的绝对差异逐渐扩大,相对差异呈现出缓慢下降、波动发展和快速下降3个发展阶段.各年份国内旅游流规模全局Moran’s I值均为正值,国内旅游流规模分布存在着一定的空间集聚性,Moran散点图显示的各年份区域旅游流规模空间分布特征没有太大差异.LISA聚集图和局部Moran’s I分析表明,随着时间的变动,逐渐形成了以山东、江苏和安徽为核心的发达国内旅游业聚集区,而新疆和甘肃一直处于冷点区域,四川和海南则一直为HL和LH的显著代表区域.     

基于超效率SBM模型的黄河中下游生态效率测度与空间相关性分析

以黄河中下游54个市域为研究对象，运用基于非期望产出的超效率SBM模型(Super-SBM Model)、空间自相关模型等方法，研究了2010—2019年黄河中下游生态效率的时空演变格局，并分析了黄河中下游生态效率的空间相关性。结果表明：(1)黄河中下游生态效率总体上处于较低水平，且年度间和市域间生态效率差异显著。(2)2010—2019年黄河中下游的生态效率评价值在时间维度上呈现“升-降-升”的演变趋势，空间上呈现东部、西部地区两端生态效率较高，中北部地区生态效率较低的格局。(3)黄河中下游地区生态效率在空间上全局自相关特征显著，局部空间关联集聚特征不显著。黄河中下游市域生态效率的Moran’s I值呈现“先减后增再减”趋势，空间依赖性先减弱后增加再减弱。     

湖北省耕地数量的时空变化及驱动力分析

为分析与掌握湖北省耕地资源的时空分布及变化特征,实现耕地可持续利用与缓和人地矛盾,以湖北省的耕地为研究对象,以2011—2018年的耕地数据和相关统计年鉴数据为基础,选取耕地相对变化率指标,探究耕地数量的动态变化及空间差异,并运用灰色关联分析法研究耕地数量变化的驱动力.结果表明:研究期内全省耕地数量总体减少,人均耕地占有量呈逐步下降趋势;全省的耕地数量变化具有明显空间差异性,根据耕地相对变化率将湖北省分为耕地增长区、耕地缓慢减少区、耕地快速减少区和耕地急速减少区;人口压力、农业结构调整与技术水平、经济发展因素是影响湖北省耕地数量变化的主要驱动力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…