Reinforcing effect of laminate structure on the fracture toughness of Al_3Ti intermetallic

Metal/intermetallic laminate composites can improve the mechanical properties of intermetallic materials using metal layers. In recent years, titanium aluminide intermetallics have received increasing attention due to their excellent performance properties, such as high melting point, high specific strength and stiffness, and good corrosion resistance. However, the low fracture toughness of Al_3Ti alloys at room temperature has greatly limited their application, and fiber or particle reinforcement has not shown a significant toughening effect. Research into the reinforcing effects of the interface and near-interface zone on the fracture behavior of Al_3Ti is lacking. Ti/Al_3Ti metal/intermetallic laminate composite was synthesized from titanium and aluminum foils using vacuum hot-pressed sintering technology. The microstructure of the prepared material was analyzed by scanning electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction. Results illustrate that both Ti and Al_3Ti were single-phase and there was a noticeable stress concentration on the interface. To obtain indentation and cracks, loads were applied to different locations of the composite by a microhardness tester. The growth path of the cracks was then observed under microscope, showing that crack propagation was prevented by the interface between the Ti and Al_3Ti layers, and the cracks that propagated parallel to the laminate shifted to the interface. Fracture toughness of the different areas, including Al_3Ti layers, interface, and near-interface zone, were measured by the indentation fracture method. The fracture toughness at and near the interface was 1.7 and 2 times that of the Al_3Ti layers, respectively. Results indicate that crack blunting and crack front convolution by the laminate structure was primarily responsible for increased toughness.     

氧化锆增韧二硅化钼复合材料的压痕断裂韧性

用不同的压痕方程计算了ＺｒＯ＿２增韧ＭｏＳｉ＿２复合材料的室温断裂韧性Ｋ＿（１ｃ）值，同时研究了压痕载荷对Ｋ＿（１ｃ）值的影响，结果表明，试验材料在试验条件下的断裂韧性不遵从半月状裂纹系统方程，而遵从巴氏裂纹系统方程，其室温压痕断裂韧性保持与压痕载荷的独立性。     

受内压和激光辐照联合作用下圆柱壳动态断裂力学分析

针对激光辐照充压圆柱壳的应力分析和结构失效问题,研究了含轴向半椭圆表面裂纹的圆柱壳体在激光辐射及不同内压和不同裂纹尺寸的情况下,考虑了内压为静态和动态两种情形以及热-力耦合情形的应力分析,材料为30CrMnSiA钢。根据它的静态断裂韧性KIC以及根据估算的冲击动态断裂韧性KId,应用有限元方法研究了动态载荷下其断裂问题。分别使用断裂判据KI=KIC和动态断裂判据KI(t)=KId,对裂纹的静态起始扩展和动态起始扩展作了相应的分析,这些分析在一定程度上对此种结构在热-力耦合下失效机理提供了有益的研究。     

石子砂浆界面裂缝发展的实验和仿真研究(英文)

用解析数值方法来确定复合材料内部裂缝发展和外载的定量关系直至破坏阶段，为了确定复合材料裂缝的扩展就需要比较各方向的应力强度因子和相应的断裂韧性并寻找出最弱面。由于裂缝扩展的实验参数保持固定（按工程精度），则数值预测和实验结果吻合良好。对混凝土内部裂缝和宏观力学特性的定量规律研究为混合体强度估算和混凝土力学性能改进提供了新途径。该数值方法也适用于界面裂缝通向沙浆的分析。     

弹塑性材料中裂纹的仿真研究

针对含裂纹的弹塑性材料结构,根据弹塑性断裂理论分析了裂纹增长的条件.建立了基于裂纹尖端存在塑性区的计算模型,得到了描述含裂纹弹塑性材料在外荷载作用下的塑性区尺寸及塑性区前端裂纹张开位移的解析解.按照所建立的计算模型对不同的裂纹长度、不同的外荷载对塑性区尺寸及张开位移的影响进行探讨.并给出了材料在外荷载作用下破坏的临界应力强度因子曲线.     

木材细胞壁细观断裂及其损伤机理

木材是一种由多孔状、层次状、各向异性的非均质天然高分子复合材料 ,其超微结构是细胞壁由不同厚度的层次组成。木材细胞壁组织结构与其力学特性之间的关系非常复杂 ,顺纹压缩时 ,细胞壁会压皱 ,在细胞壁受拉伸或剪切的部位会出现滑移面 ,并出现在细胞壁内或细胞壁之间的破裂 ,使得木材在受到外力后表现出宏观破坏是由于木材细胞壁及各细胞之间复杂的细观和微观断裂损伤的结果     

Effects of precipitates and inclusions on the fracture toughness of hot rolling X70 pipeline steel plates

In order to investigate the fracture toughness, crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) experiments were conducted on two X70 pipeline steel plates with different rolling processes. After the experiments, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to observe the microstructure and fracture morphology. The effects of precipitates on the fracture toughness and the crack initiation mechanism induced by inclusions were analyzed. The CTOD result shows that the steel with a lower finishing cooling temperature has a higher fracture toughness. Inclusions with different shapes and two kinds of precipitates with different sizes were observed. It can be concluded that precipitates with different sizes have different effects and mechanisms on the fracture toughness. Distinguished from the earlier researches, inclusions enriched in silicon can be also served as the crack initiation.     

金沙土遗址裂隙灌浆材料比选室内试验研究

为探究适用于金沙土遗址裂隙加固的灌浆材料,选取了烧料礓石、SH(改性聚乙烯醇)和无机矿物聚合物与金沙遗址试验土拌合制备了三种灌浆材料。通过室内试验,对各种灌浆材料结石体试样的基本物理性能、力学性能及耐久性能进行了详细分析。试验结果表明,无机矿物聚合物灌浆材料具有较低的收缩性,能够有效填充裂隙;同时,其较高的抗折和抗压强度为提升土遗址的力学稳定性提供了可靠保障;在研究的三种灌浆材料中,无机矿物聚合物灌浆材料展现出最佳的耐久性能。因此,建议在金沙土遗址的裂隙注浆加固工程中采用无机矿物聚合物灌浆材料,研究成果将为潮湿环境下土遗址裂隙灌浆材料的选择与应用提供有益的指导。     

Reinforcing effect of graphene on the mechanical properties of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/TiC ceramics

Multilayer graphene (MLG)-reinforced Al₂O₃/TiC ceramics were fabricated through hot pressing sintering, and the reinforcing effect of MLG on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated by experiment and simulation. The simulation of dynamic crack initiation and propagation was investigated based on the cohesive zone method. The results show that the composite added with 0.2wt% MLG has excellent flexural strength and high fracture toughness. The major reinforcing mechanisms are the synergistic effect by strong and weak bonding interfaces, MLG pull-out, and grain refinement resulting from the addition of MLG. In addition, the aggravating of crack deflection, branching, blunting, and bridging have indispensable contribution to the improvement of the as-designed materials.     

高韧性复相陶瓷材料的仿生结构设计、制备与力学性能

从天然生物材料 (竹、木、贝壳等 )结构出发 ,提出了高韧性复相陶瓷材料仿生结构设计新思路及设计的基本要点 .针对仿贝壳珍珠层结构特征 ,采用轧膜或流延成型工艺 ,成功制备出仿贝壳珍珠层结构特征的Si3 N4 /BN层状陶瓷材料 .通过对该材料的结构参数和几何参数进行优化设计 ,可获得优异的力学性能 :断裂韧性在 2 0～ 2 8MPa·m1/ 2 ,断裂功高于 40 0 0J/m2 ,同时抗弯强度可保持在 5 0 0～ 70 0MPa .并分析了该材料具有高韧性的原因 ,提出了仿生结构陶瓷材料的增韧机制     

Autonomic healing of polymer composites

Structural polymers are susceptible to damage in the form of cracks, which form deep within the structure where detection is difficult and repair is almost impossible. Cracking leads to mechanical degradation of fibre-reinforced polymer composites; in microelectronic polymeric components it can also lead to electrical failure. Microcracking induced by thermal and mechanical fatigue is also a long-standing problem in polymer adhesives. Regardless of the application, once cracks have formed within polymeric materials, the integrity of the structure is significantly compromised. Experiments exploring the concept of self-repair have been previously reported, but the only successful crack-healing methods that have been reported so far require some form of manual intervention. Here we report a structural polymeric material with the ability to autonomically heal cracks. The material incorporates a microencapsulated healing agent that is released upon crack intrusion. Polymerization of the healing agent is then triggered by contact with an embedded catalyst, bonding the crack faces. Our fracture experiments yield as much as 75% recovery in toughness, and we expect that our approach will be applicable to other brittle materials systems (including ceramics and glasses).     

核壳胶粒增韧改性聚丙烯研究3. 冲击断裂行为和增韧机理

用扫描电子显微方法研究了核壳胶粒与聚丙烯 ( PP)反应共混物试样的冲击断裂行为 .通过对冲击断裂表面分区显微分析 ,揭示了冲击断裂的断面形态和形变特征 .结合冲击测试实验数据和断面显微分析结果 ,对核壳胶粒增韧改性 PP的增韧机理作了探讨 .结果表明 ,PP断面上可以区别出以银纹化机理为主的脆性断裂特征和以剪切屈服为主的韧性断裂特征 ,提高试样冲击断裂韧性主要是基体聚合物的剪切屈服 ,同一断面上可以同时出现脆性断裂与韧性断裂的断裂特征 ;核壳胶粒改性 PP共混物的增韧机理是核壳橡胶粒子的空穴化和 PP基体的剪切屈服     

混杂纤维水泥基复合材料断裂分析

基于纤维水泥基材料的桥联法则（桥联应力-裂纹张开位移关系）和K叠加原理,建立了混杂纤维水泥基复合材料的桥联裂缝模型,并针对三点受弯梁建立了简化的断裂分析模型．桥联裂缝模型能够描述混杂纤维水泥基复合材料断裂全过程的裂缝扩展规律,灵活地分析不同纤维对断裂韧度的贡献,并可以计算混杂纤维水泥基复合材料裂纹尖端应力强度因子、断裂韧度和临界缝长．     

复合材料单向板断裂韧性的光弹性实验研究

结合金属材料三点弯曲试验方法,采用光弹贴片法实测纤维增强复合材料的断裂韧性。简要推导光弹条纹参数与裂尖应力强度因子的关系,并以玻璃纤维增强环氧单向板为实例探讨复合材料断裂韧性测试方法。实验表明,利用光弹图像可以实时观测试件裂纹扩展过程,并可结合P-V曲线判断开裂点,进而得到材料的断裂韧性。     

颗粒尺寸对岩石抗拉强度和断裂韧度影响的数值模拟

选取三种粒径(平均尺寸1.02,2.12,3 mm)花岗岩试样,利用自主开发的岩石破裂过程数值计算软件(RFPA-DIP细观版),进行带缺口试样三点弯曲试验.利用虚裂纹模型描述岩石试样达到峰值载荷前的断裂过程区,引入双线性应力分布模型,将试样内部平均颗粒尺寸与虚裂纹模型建立起联系,通过数值模拟可分别计算出不同颗粒尺寸花岗岩的抗拉强度和断裂韧度.通过引入分形维数概念来表达不同颗粒尺寸花岗岩试样内部颗粒分布的特征,得到结论:颗粒尺寸与分维值呈反比例关系,分维值较小的花岗岩试样其抗拉强度和断裂韧度相对较小.     

高强高性能细粒混凝土断裂特性研究

纤维编织网增强混凝土（textile reinforced concrete,TRC）结构薄壁轻质,具有良好的耐久性、限裂性、定向增强性．而作为TRC基体的细粒混凝土,其基本断裂参数和力学特性不同于普通混凝土,需要重新确定．为此,采用带切口的不同尺寸的三点弯曲梁研究了其断裂特性．试验结果表明：断裂过程中细粒混凝土达到失稳破坏前也要经历一个裂缝稳定发展的过程,其失稳断裂韧度基本保持不变,但起裂韧度随试件尺寸的增大而减小;对荷载一位移曲线的尾部进行修正后,得到的断裂能几乎没有尺寸效应,可作为一个材料常数．     

基于强度组配对设计曲线的简单修正

将相当应变的观点应用到含有一个焊缝裂纹的焊接宽板中，可以看出焊缝金属与母材塑性的差异显著影响其断裂韧性和裂纹扩展驱动力，重要的一点是仅根据断裂韧性或裂纹扩展驱动力来衡量焊接接头非等组配的影响是不够的，如果材料的应力应变曲线合线性硬化规律，得出一个简单的ＣＴＯＤ设计曲线的修正表达式，可以用来预测焊接结构的极限载荷、极限应变或极限裂纹长度。     

分形裂纹的断裂参数

基于分形几何学,推导了含Ⅰ型分形单裂纹的无限大平板在单向受拉时的临界开裂应力、断裂韧性、裂纹扩展力和断裂能的理论公式.以标准Koch分形曲线构造裂纹的边界,并由分形区域周长与面积的关系推导出平板的弹性应变能.利用Griffith断裂准则得到材料开裂的临界应力,并在此基础上给出了断裂韧性、裂纹扩展力以及断裂能的表达式,从而将G判据推广到分形裂纹情形,并对其进行数值计算以分析各参数的影响.结果表明:材料的断裂韧性与裂纹长度呈反向关系;裂纹的量测尺度将影响断裂韧性与分形维数的关系;裂纹越粗糙、长度越长,材料的断裂能越大.文中还证明了裂纹扩展的非光滑性.     

碳化物粒子尺寸对裂纹断裂韧性的影响

通过对铁素体晶粒尺寸相同、碳化物粒子尺寸不同的两种低合金钢ＣＯＤ裂纹试样断裂韧性的测试，宏微观断口和力学参数的测量，结合断口、金相观察分析，对碳化物粒子尺寸对裂纹断裂韧性的影响及其机理进行了研究．结果表明：在裂纹试样的解理断裂中，临界事件是碳化物粒子尺寸的微裂纹扩展进入铁素体基体．碳化物粒子尺寸在决定局部断裂应力。ｆ和有关的韧性参数中起决定性作用．在铁素体晶粒尺寸和屈服应力相同的条件下，大碳化粒子尺寸的材料具有低的裂纹断裂韧性．     

功能梯度材料板断裂分析

为深入理解功能梯度材料的断裂行为,研究了机械载荷下任意机械属性功能梯度材料板裂纹尖端特性,根据叠加方法,把应力场转化为裂纹表面载荷,采用基于非均匀单元的有限元方法计算并分析了机械载荷下功能梯度板裂纹尖端特性,针对含有中心裂纹功能梯度材料板,考察了应力强度因子的变化规律.研究结果表明,功能梯度材料结构的几何参数及材料属性对裂纹尖端无量纲应力强度因子的变化规律具有显著影响.