基于中继OFDM系统的成比例公平分配算法

为了满足无线蜂窝小区内不同用户的业务需求,针对下行正交频分复用中继系统,提出一种基于成比例公平约束的资源分配方案,其主要包括基站与中继处的子载波和功率分配,并在子载波分配过程中提出2种算法.其中,严格的速率成比例公平算法以尽可能满足速率成比例公平为目标,将子载波优先分配给比例公平性最差的用户;松弛的子载波成比例公平算法将速率成比例松弛为子载波成比例,避免了信道较差的用户占用大量子载波.子载波分配结束后,根据子载波分配策略进行注水功率分配.仿真结果表明,2种算法均能够较好地满足成比例公平约束,且与传统无中继的资源分配算法相比,明显提高了系统吞吐量.     

基于OFDM的认知无线电系统联合资源分配

为充分利用现有无线电频谱资源, 研究了基于正交频分复用的认知无线电系统, 以填充和下垫联合方式进行分配资源的问题, 提出了新的子载波分配算法和最优功率分配算法。该算法在保证总功率和每个子载波所受干扰在一定阈值内的前提下, 采用最优功率分配算法最大化次用户传输速率。同时, 为降低算法的复杂度, 将置零子载波功率算法应用到资源分配中。最后, 基于Worst-case 方法, 对次用户和主用户间的信道不确定性进行鲁棒性分析。仿真结果表明, 在相同条件下, 该资源分配最优算法和次优算法都优于单独的填充式或下垫式资源分配算法。     

基于OFDM技术的多用户子载波分配算法

为了提高无线网络频谱利用率,有效地利用系统现有资源,该文在保证用户公平性的前提下提出了一种新的基于余量最大化准则的自适应子载波分配算法。该算法采用分步降解法,将子载波和比特分配分为3部分。第一部分,为每个用户分配一个信道增益最好的子载波,以此确保该用户拥有基本的传输能力;第二部分,根据用户的传输速率比例约束分配剩余子载波;第三部分,根据子载波的分配结果进行比特分配。该算法运算复杂度低,功率消耗少。仿真结果表明该算法优于现有的BABS+ACG资源分配算法。     

CR-OFDM系统中的一种新的动态频谱分配算法

文中基于对认知无线电技术以及OFDM系统传输特性的分析,提出了一种CR-OFDM系统中多用户资源分配新算法。该算法首先根据认知用户的QoS需求为其分配子载波,在保证不干扰授权用户正常通信的前提下,再利用改进的注水算法为每个认知用户分配功率,使得整个系统的信道容量最大化。仿真结果表明该算法能在保证误比特率和用户公平性的前提下显著提高频谱利用率。     

基于OFDM技术的多用户子载波分配算法

为了提高无线网络频谱利用率,有效地利用系统现有资源,该文在保证用户公平性的前提下提出了一种新的基于余量最大化准则的自适应子载波分配算法。该算法采用分步降解法,将子载波和比特分配分为3部分。第一部分,为每个用户分配一个信道增益最好的子载波,以此确保该用户拥有基本的传输能力;第二部分,根据用户的传输速率比例约束分配剩余子载波;第三部分,根据子载波的分配结果进行比特分配。该算法运算复杂度低,功率消耗少。仿真结果表明该算法优于现有的BABS+ACG资源分配算法。     

一种优化的认知无线电网络资源协同分配算法

在目前的认知无线电研究中,多用户OFDMA系统中如何实现子载波和功率的合理分配是研究的重点之一.针对认知无线电资源分配过程中出现的多认知用户资源分配不公平的问题,研究了认知无线电网络中授权用户占用子载带时,认知用户的吞吐量受限制的问题,提出了一种基于underlay频谱共享模式下的OFDMA认知无线电网络功率与子载带协同分配优化算法.该算法利用干扰门限的设置,使用原始感知信息(RSI)和信道状态信息(CSI)进行功率与子载波分配,然后分别进行功率控制和用户选择的计算,找到最优化传输功率与每个子载带最优使用用户,在保证授权用户免受有害干扰的前提下,使授权用户存在时,也可共享频谱传输,确保了系统的稳定性,提高了网络吞吐量.理论分析与仿真结果表明,相比传统的功率与子载波联合分配算法,该算法可以提高系统的平均加权吞吐量.     

正交频分多址系统中最低速率限制下的自适应载波分配

针对用户有最低传输速率要求的正交频分多址系统中,传统资源分配算法频谱利用率低的问题,提出了一种自适应载波分配算法.该算法根据用户最低传输速率的要求、信道状态和当前载波分配状况,确定子载波分配给用户的效用,进而将子载波分配给可以带来最大效用的用户.该算法综合考虑了效率和公平性,从而显著改善了系统性能.仿真结果表明,当用户数不超过系统负载时,与效率和公平分开考虑的算法相比,所提出的算法频谱效率可提高10%,系统负载在同样中断概率下可提高60%.     

认知无线电网络中基于需求拍卖竞价的频谱分配算法

在认知无线电网络中,为了实现对频谱资源更加高效合理的分配,对原有基于拍卖模型的分配算法进行改进。引入供求理论加入需求因子和补贴函数,提出了一种基于需求拍卖竞价的认知无线电频谱分配算法。根据拍卖模型及动态频谱分配的特点,使用基于需求的系统总体效用最优的分配准则。在估价时考虑到了认知用户对频谱需求情况的不同,优先分配需求急迫的认知用户并对无线环境较差的用户进行竞价补贴以确保相对公平。通过仿真验证结果表明,本算法较之前提出算法在系统效用方面基本相当,公平性得到了明显提高,复杂度也得到了降低,提升了系统的整体效能。     

基于多目标优化认知无线电干扰抑制算法

认知无线电系统的重要原则是保障授权用户的通信质量,为了提高授权用户的通信质量必须有效抑制授权用户与认知用户的载波间干扰,为此提出了基于多目标优化的认知无线电干扰抑制算法。该算法通过分析频谱池中影响授权用户的载波间干扰能量,定位出认知用户子载波中对授权用户产生最大干扰的子载波序列,在满足认知用户数据传输率目标的前提下,屏蔽这些最大干扰子载波能有效抑制系统干扰能量。仿真结果表明,在满足认知用户目标误码率条件下,新的干扰抑制算法能明显抑制影响授权用户的载波间干扰,使授权用户获得更好的误码率性能。     

认知无线网络中基于免疫优化的比例公平资源分配

针对认知无线网络中基于OFDM技术的资源分配,将其建模为一个约束优化问题,进而提出了一种基于免疫克隆的求解方法. 算法采用两阶段资源分配方法,即先将子载波分配给用户,然后基于免疫优化算法给不同的子载波分配功率. 此外,算法充分考虑了主用户可容忍的干扰约束及次用户对资源的比例需求,更符合实际要求. 根据问题本身特点,设计了适合算法求解的编码、克隆、变异算子. 仿真实验结果表明,在总发射功率、误码率及主用户可接受的干扰等约束下,本算法可以获得较高的数据吞吐量,并保证次用户对资源需求的公平性.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the