基于概率地图方法的无人飞行器快速航迹规划

在复杂大范围环境下,针对可自主导航的低空飞行无人飞行器,设计了一种基于概率地图方法(PRM)的快速规划方法.先采用启发式策略构造概率地图,通过局部规划算法检测路标地图连通性,再应用图搜索算法规划出路径,最后通过剖面规划等优化手段对航迹进行完善.试验表明该方法具有较高的效率和环境适应性,可在单处理器上进行有效的快速航迹规划.     

传感器网中基于矢量地图数据的传感器放置模型与算法

基于矢量地图数据,建立了用于传感器放置的地形模型和传感器模型,提出了两种传感器放置算法,算法的目标是优化传感器数目及确定传感器的放置位置。算法通过计算放置一个传感器后目标节点处目标漏检概率的有效变化,将传感器放置在能带来全局或局部最大有效变化的网格节点上。仿真实际表明,与已有放置算法相比,两种算法减少了传感器的数目。     

基于可能模型集的期望模式增广算法

提出一类基于可能模型集(likely-model set, LMS)的期望模式增广(expected-mode augmentation, EMA)算法,该算法将任意时刻的有效模型集分成可能模型集和增广模型集两个部分。可能模型集由模型后验概率和总模型集的拓扑图确定;对可能模型集加权组合,生成增广模型集。然后,基于两模型集的并集对目标的状态进行估计。该算法能够保持期望模式增广算法的精度,同时大大降低计算量。仿真结果验证了本文算法的性能。     

基于稀疏矩阵技术的多体动力学仿真快速算法

在分析多体动力学仿真计算中广泛使用的增广法基础上,提出了一种基于稀疏矩阵技术的改进算法.算法首先修改了拉格朗日乘子的求解方程,并利用系数矩阵的稀疏性进行排序和符号分解,获得最佳计算数据结构,从而快速求解拉格朗日乘子;针对违约现象,建立直接违约修正方程,利用上述数据结构快速求解违约修正值.最后,通过一个算例验证了该算法的有效性,并与传统增广法进行比较,显示了该算法快速和高精度的特点.     

基于空间域划分的分布式SLAM算法

针对同步定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping, SLAM)中状态量高维时变的问题,本文通过综合集中式和分布式实现结构的各自优势,提出了一种基于空间域划分的分布式SLAM算法。该算法依据两个路标点与机器人连线之间的夹角,将整个空间域中的路标点进行区域划分,保证每个子空间域内含有两个不共线的路标点,并将每个空间域内的路标点组合构建观测模型,采用分布式无味粒子滤波器进行机器人位姿的估计,而采用联邦Kalman滤波完成对路标点的估计,并通过设计各子滤波器中粒子分布的调整方式改善了系统在动态重构过程的精度和稳定性。最后,通过实际数据的仿真试验证明所提算法具有更好的实时性和滤波精度。     

SLAM问题中的自适应序贯数据关联

基于马氏距离的最近邻数据关联算法目前在SLAM中得到了广泛应用.通常假设关联对之间的马氏距离服从卡方分布,并根据设定的置信度来选择固定的数据关联阈值.但是通过使用真值运算的SLAM仿真证明关联对之间的马氏距离并非严格服从卡方分布,而是受路标分布、过程和观测噪声以及运动控制量大小的影响.对此提出利用观测数据和移动机器人状态等信息,通过虚拟关联来自适应地调整阅值的方法,并采用序贯关联方法防止路标丢失和增广滞后.仿真表明该方法可以很好地适应环境和噪声的变化,有效地防止虚假路标并降低观测丢弃率.     

改进的PSO算法及其在软测量建模中的应用

通过大量仿真实验,考察了粒子群算法(PSo)中粒子平均速度和算法收敛性之间的关系,提出了一种基于粒子速度反馈信息的自适应调整权重策略,同时在搜索过程中引入混沌序列.给出的收敛性分析证明,该算法可以以概率1收敛到全局最优解.对经典函数的测试计算表明,改进后的PSO算法较好地解决了基本粒子群算法中易陷入局部最优的缺点,在稳定性和收敛精度上均优于普通的PSO算法.改进的粒子群算法被用于优化神经网络的结构和参数,并将基于改进算法的神经网络用于4cBA软测量建模中.实际应用表明,与基于其它智能算法的神经网络相比,该网络不仅有较高的泛化性能,而且有更快的学习速度和较好的实时性.     

基于启发式的多机器人SLAM地图融合方法研究

同步定位和地图构建（simultaneous localization and mapping,SLAM）是移动机器人在未知环境中完成地图构建和定位任务的关键技术。针对多机器人SLAM中的地图融合问题,提出一种启发式的搜索方法引导局部地图的重复区域进行地图融合。每个机器人可以在不了解其相对位置的情况下建立局部地图,并将局部地图信息发送至同一工作站中,以局部地图的相似性为判断指标融合得到最优的全局地图。在机器人实物平台上进行验证,结果证明了多机器人SLAM的地图融合算法的有效性和准确性。     

基于并行云变异蛙跳算法的梯级水库优化调度研究

本文针对混合蛙跳算法(shuffled frog leaping algorithm,SFLA)早熟收敛的问题,将云模型算法融合于SFLA算法中,形成一种云变异蛙跳算法(normal cloud mutation SFLA,NCM-SFLA),弥补混合蛙跳算法后期容易陷入局部最优的不足.同时利用算法易于并行的特点,在多核环境下基于.NET4的并行拓展库(parallel extensions)进行算法的并行优化.将其应用于梯级水库优化调度中,实例计算表明,与多维动态规划算法(MDP)相比,NCM-SFLA方法具有更好的全局寻优能力和较快的收敛速度,在现有的计算条件下该并行算法能有效缩短程序运行时间,求解梯级水库优化调度问题是合理、有效的.     

全局版人工鱼群算法

人工鱼群算法是一种基于动物行为的群体智能优化算法.针对基本人工鱼群算法运算速度慢的缺陷,提出了一种全局版人工鱼群算法.该算法用整个鱼群的中心位置和全局极值位置代替人工鱼的邻域中心位置和邻域极值位置,从而减少了算法的计算量,提高了运算速度;采用动态调整人工鱼视野和步长的方法,较好地平衡了全局搜索能力和局部搜索能力;在人工鱼的觅食行为中,让人工鱼直接移动到搜索到的较好位置,加快了搜索速度.仿真结果表明,该算法的优化性能优于基本人工鱼群算法.     

The 12th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management ICSSSM'15

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Enterprise resource planning implementation decision & optimization models

To study the uncertain optimization problems on implementation schedule, time-cost trade-off and quality in enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation, combined with program evaluation and review technique (PERT), some optimization models are proposed, which include the implementation schedule model, the timecost trade-off model, the quality model, and the implementation time-cost-quality synthetic optimization model. A PERT-embedded genetic algorithm (GA) based on stochastic simulation technique is introduced to the optimization models solution. Finally, an example is presented to show that the models and algorithm are reasonable and effective, which can offer a reliable quantitative decision method for ERP implementation.     

A calculus for services innovation

Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services （e-services） domain - can be systematically developed by first considering the strategic drivers and foci, then the tactical principles and enablers, and finally the operational decision attributes, all of which constitute a process or calculus of services innovation. More specifically, there are four customer drivers （i.e., collaboration, customization, integration and adaptation）, three business foci （i.e., creation-focused, solution-focused and competition-focused）, six business principles （i.e., reconstruct market boundaries, focus on the big picture not numbers, reach beyond existing demand, get strategic sequence right, overcome organizational hurdles and build execution into strategy）, eight technical enablers （i.e., software algorithms, automation, telecommunication, collaboration, standardization, customization, organization, and globalization）, and six attributes of decision informatics （i.e., decision-driven, information-based, real-time, continuously-adaptive, customer-centric and computationally-intensive）. It should be noted that the four customer drivers are all directed at empowering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive customized or personalized attention, access an integrated system or process, and obtain adaptive real-time or just-in-time input. The developed process or calculus serves to identify the potential white spaces or blue oceans for innovation. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and related experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can mitigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDP metric that can adequately measure the growing knowledge economy,     

THE 8~(th) INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

正August 10-14,2015Beijing,China The International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics(IClAM)is the premier international congress in the field ofapplied mathematics held every four years under the auspices ofthe International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.From August 10 to 14,2015,mathematicians,scientists and entrepreneurs fiom around the world will gather in Beijing,China for the 8th IClAM to be held at     

论生物系统中的功能不守恒性

根据能量守恒定律，能量一次转换所做的总功应等于输入的总能量。但在生物系统中，能量的转换是多次的，其总功之和大于系统输入的总能量，此现象称之为功能不守恒性。能量转换效率越高，功能差别越大。能量通过细胞水平的多次转换，总功可提高至2倍左右。能量通过生态系统水平多次转换，总功可提高至1．4倍左右。通过系统内各子系统能流之和称为序能，反映了系统有序性大小，它取决于系统输入总能量和能量转换效率。根据序能原理，用GDP^2／9(GDP为国内生产总值，Q为能量总输入)反映人类社会功能和效率，要比单纯用GDP更客观。绿色GDP应同时考虑使GDP^2／Q增长最大和使自然生态系统的序能最大。人的经济行为和动物的行为对策也符合序能原理。     

Dealing with Human Relations in Chinese Systems Practice

This paper is about the Wuli, Shili, Renli (WSR) systems methodology. An important concept within this, Renli, has been developed from Confucian philosophy to clarify to Chinese researchers the necessity of dealing with human relations in systems practice. At present, the only formal means of operationalizing Renli that people are exploring in China is to import from the West methods for organizing debate. However, the concept of Renli suggests that more is needed than methods alone. In particular, facilitation skills are required. It is argued that the development of facilitation skills can be enhanced if researchers can gain both theoretical and practical knowledge of group dynamics, and engage in activities of self-reflection to look at, and alter, their own roles in these dynamics and the wider sociopolitical system. There are therefore three aspects to Renli: the use of systems methods for organizing debate, the acquisition of facilitation skills, and self-reflection geared toward the development of facilitation skills and enhanced critical awareness of the politics of intervention.     

云环境中邮件服务器面向传输的优化设计

随着云计算的发展,新的应用不断涌现,但电子邮件服务依然占有着重要的地位.邮件服务器是一种I/O密集的应用.在云计算时代,越来越多的用户邮件保存在服务器端,邮件在从客户端传输到服务器端之前,邮件或者邮件的部分内容在服务器端可能已经存在.基于这种现象,提出了一种方案,通过引入计算的代价来降低通信量,从而提高邮件服务器的处理能力.对电子邮件的格式和SMTP协议进行了扩充,引入了附件和正文分离传输的模式.在邮件传输时,客户端先计算附件的散列值,并作为正文的一部分传输到服务器端,服务器端再根据散列值来判断附件是否需要传输.     

金工工艺的优化设计

运用价值工程与运筹工程理论, 在金工工艺单项设计指标优化的基础上, 对其设计指标也进行了全面优化。     

THE 8~(th) INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

正August 10-14,2015Beijing,ChinaThe International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics(ICIAM)is the premier international congress in the field of applied mathematics held every four years under the auspices of the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.From August 10 to 14,2015,mathematicians,scientists