对冲燃烧布置锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀问题的研究

分析了对冲布置锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀的原因,提出了用贴壁风来解决对冲布置锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀的办法,并用计算机对３００ＭＷ机组前后墙旋流燃烧对冲锅炉燃烧过程进行了不同工况下的数值模拟,包括改变一次风速度、二次风内外风量比例、内二次风旋流强度、贴壁风的位置和速度等,通过比较得到了较为可行的贴壁风布置方案     

对冲燃烧布置锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀问题的研究

分析了对冲布置锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀的原因,提出了用贴壁钢来解决对冲布置锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀的方法,并用计算机对３００ＭＷ机组前后墙施旋流燃烧对冲锅炉燃烧过程进行了不同工况下的数值模拟,包括改变一次风速度,二次风内外风量比例,内二次风旋流强度,贴壁风的位置和速度等,通过比较得到了较地的贴壁风布置方案。     

660MW超临界π型炉添加贴壁风模拟研究

针对某660MW超临界锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀存在的问题,使用FLUENT添加贴壁风进行了模拟。通过不同风速下的贴壁风模拟来寻找最优贴壁风风速,使得贴壁风覆盖半径大且对炉内燃烧影响小。模拟结果表明:冷态模拟下风率为4.47%时,既能很好的覆盖水冷壁受腐蚀表面,形成气体保护膜,又能最低程度对配风及炉内燃烧产生影响;热态模拟时,炉内的CO体积分数、H_2S体积分数都大范围降到安全值以下,添加贴壁风后高温火焰位置上升,但炉内最高点温度及高温区域面积基本没有变化;贴壁风添加后SO_2生成量几乎没有变化,NOx的生成量有一定程度的增加,但增加量较小,在可以接受的范围内。     

混烧锅炉富氧燃烧的数值模拟

富氧燃烧会对煤粉和高炉煤气混烧锅炉炉内的燃烧特性产生重要影响.以130 t/h煤粉和高炉煤气混烧锅炉为研究对象,采用Fluent流体力学软件,对助燃气体(O2/N2)在3种不同氧气体积百分数(21％,23％,27％)工况下煤粉和高炉煤气混烧锅炉炉内的燃烧过程进行数值模拟.模拟得到3种工况下:炉内的温度场分布,烟气流场特性,火焰长度.模拟结果表明:随着氧气浓度的增加,燃料着火速度更快,燃烧更稳定,出口烟温逐渐降低,炉内烟气流速逐渐减少,强化了炉内传热效果,提高了锅炉热效率.     

配风方式对四角切圆煤粉锅炉燃烧特性影响数值分析

借助CFD软件平台,利用Fluent对四角切圆煤粉锅炉炉内燃烧过程进行了三维稳态数值模拟,重点研究了二次风配风方式对炉内流动和燃烧过程的影响,探讨了不同配风方式下炉内流场、温度场、组分场的变化规律.结果表明:在均等配风、正宝塔配风、倒宝塔配风三种配风方式中,正宝塔配风为最佳配风方式.它不仅能保证炉内具有较好气流充满度和下二次风风速,利于煤粉与空气的混合与燃烧,减少炉渣中的可燃物含量,而且能够保证高温火焰位于燃烧区的中心位置,延长煤粉到炉膛出口的距离.研究结果对锅炉运行、设计和改造具有理论指导意义.     

卧式燃煤锅炉改烧生物质燃料的燃烧系统数值模拟

本文应用计算流体力学软件,对卧式燃煤锅炉改烧生物质燃料的燃烧系统进行了详细的数值模拟,包括二次风不同喷嘴角度,一二次风不同配比,二次风位置交错布置等情况炉膛内流场的分布情况,针对DZL4-1.25-AⅡ型锅炉进行模拟,并对模拟结果进行了理论分析,在模拟计算条件下喷嘴角度取30°,一二次风配比取7:3,喷嘴交错布置,一侧距离前墙1.4 m,另一侧距离前墙1.7 m时炉内流场达到最佳状态.本文的研究能为此类改造工程中燃烧系统的优化提供参考.     

330MW四角切圆锅炉低NO_x优化改造数值模拟

针对某电厂330MW四角切圆锅炉NOx排放质量浓度高、炉内结渣严重的问题,提出基于多空气分级低氮燃烧技术的燃烧器改造方案,运用FLUENT软件对改造前后锅炉燃烧状况进行数值模拟.分析计算和试验数据得出:改造后,浓相一次风反切对炉内燃烧有一定影响,煤粉气流对水冷壁冲刷减弱,结渣现象明显改善;煤粉着火稳燃得到强化,主燃区CO质量浓度增大,炉内还原性气氛增强;燃尽区下部形成的NOx还原区对降低NOx排放质量浓度有积极作用;炉内最高温度下降80℃左右,NOx排放质量浓度降幅达47%左右.     

200 MW四角切向燃烧煤粉炉炉内过程的数值模拟

借助FLUENT CFD软件平台，应用Eulerian/Lagrangian方法，在3种不同工况下，对200MW四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉炉内的流动、传热及燃烧进行了数值模拟。为减小数值伪扩散的影响，采用了改进网格系统的措施。模拟结果表明：炉内最高温度出现天燃烧器区域，随着炉膛高度的增加，温度逐渐降低；整个炉膛空间存在旋转流场，从下至上旋转强度从弱到强，然后再逐渐减弱，直到炉膛出口仍存在残余旋流；炉内CO、O2和CO2的质量浓度分布与温度分布有很大关系，高温区对应着高的CO质量浓度和低的O2、CO2质量浓度。数值模拟结果为锅炉的运行和改造提供了参考依据。     

200 MW四角切圆锅炉燃烧器浓淡比对NOx排放影响的数值研究

以某热电厂200MW四角切圆浓淡煤粉燃烧锅炉为对象,通过数值模拟获得了该炉最大连续出力工况(BMCR)下炉膛内的流场、温度场及炉膛出口的NO_x浓度,并进一步通过数值模拟探讨了改变水平浓淡煤粉燃烧器浓淡比时对炉内燃烧及NO_x生成情况的影响.数值结果表明:在BMCR工况下,计算值与实际运行的在线仪表的记录值基本一致;当浓淡比增大时,NO_x生成量并不是单调的,而是先降低后升高;其中最佳浓淡比为5∶1,且在此基础上采用"缩腰型"配风有助于进一步降低NO_x生成量.其计算结果可供同类锅炉实际运行时参考.     

350MW超临界四角切圆锅炉燃烧数值模拟

为研究350 MW超临界热电联产四角切圆煤粉锅炉的炉内燃烧问题,基于Fluent6.3模拟软件,分析了炉内的温度和组分分布特性.结果表明:BMCR工况下温度在炉膛燃烧器区横截面上,低温区出现在炉膛中心,在炉壁附近出现局部高温.在炉膛中心纵截面,沿高度、温度呈先上升后下降分布,出口温度为1 138.11 K;炉内O2组分沿高度上升,CO组分先上升后下降,CO2组分先下降后上升.研究结果为超临界锅炉运行监测提供了可靠的理论依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to