一种新的多普勒天气雷达回波数据无损压缩

为了解决多普勒天气雷达回波数据传输的实时性以及数据存储的有效性问题,提出了一种基于阶梯量化的多普勒天气雷达回波数据无损压缩新算法。针对天气雷达回波数据的特点,首先对天气雷达回波数据进行预处理,即将雷达回波数据进行格式转换;其次提出了一种阶梯量化方法,并采用MED预测进一步去除数据中的相关性;最后对量化和预测后的回波数据采用LZW编码以实现无损压缩。实验结果表明,新方法较其他方法大幅提高了回波数据的无损压缩倍数,可实现对多普勒天气雷达回波数据的有效压缩。     

宜春北部一次冰雹过程雷达回波特征分析

为提高县级台站对冰雹天气的识别和预警能力，使用常规天气图和宜春SA雷达数据等资料，采用天气学、雷达气象学方法，对2021年3月30—31日江西宜春北部罕见大冰雹天气过程进行分析，结果表明:1)西南急流、地面倒槽、切变线、暖脊、“上干下湿”不稳定层结是主要影响天气系统，属于典型暖区强对流天气形势;)在雷达拼图上，30日冰雹是超级单体，呈孤立椭圆状; 31日冰雹是回波带上的超级单体，呈带上强单体形态; 3)在雷达PPI产品上:超级单体风暴组合反射率CR达65 d BZ，回波顶高ET达17 km，垂直积分液态水含量VIL为55～60 kg/m²，能够识别出中气旋M和龙卷涡旋结构TVS; 4)在反射率因子垂直剖面RCS上:30日孤立超级单体存在明显的有界弱回波区（BWER）、回波悬垂和中气旋特征; 31日回波带上超级单体存在明显的悬挂结构回波和虚假旁瓣回波顶; 5)在径向速度垂直剖面VCS上:超级单体存有中气旋结构和上正下负速度层。研究结果为江西宜春北部冰雹天气的预警预报提供了理论依据。     

信阳713C天气雷达产品多点实时共享解决方案

在省-市-县气象信息宽带网络通信的基础上,雷达站配置一台以Windows 2000Server为操作系统的服务器,并安装ILS服务;天气雷达终端、异地远程显示终端利用NetMeeting在ILS目录服务器的统一管理下,实现天气雷达回波图像异地多点实时共享;采用TeamSound语音通讯系统,实现各点之间实时语音会商。     

多普勒天气雷达数据质量控制方法探讨

多普勒天气雷达是中小尺度灾害性天气的颓型监测工具,其数据质量直接影响定量气象业务应用的精度。从广州多普勒雷达历史数据的反演分析中发现雷达回波存在明显的数据短缺、异常点、晴空回波等数据质量问题,对此提出了数据短缺插补延长方法、异常点回波处理方法和格网点基础回波处理法。应用GIS实现了流域格网化,通过软件开发实现了流溪河流域雷暴过程的监视。     

天气雷达I/Q信号仿真建模及统计验证

基于天气雷达发射脉冲的时间自相关特性,采用大气分层模型,建立天气雷达发射端到接收端的I/Q信号仿真算法;并通过统计分析,对算法可靠性进行验证。研究结果表明仿真得到的I/Q信号均符合高斯随机分布,回波功率符合指数分布,与天气雷达真实回波信号统计特性一致;同时以南京大学的C波段双偏振天气雷达的真实弱降水回波数据为基础,进行仿真回波数据与真实数据对比分析。统计结果表明相似的参数设定下,仿真回波信号的反射率因子和速度的标准差与真实信号的统计特性基本一致;且与理论公式结果基本吻合。     

基于GIS的内蒙古中部地区多源雷达回波拼图

 为了做到内蒙古中部地区天气的实时监测,研究了该地区新一代天气雷达基本反射率产品和713雷达平显回波等多源雷达回波数据的拼合方法。首先阐述了两类回波数据的存储结构和格式,然后设计了两类径向数据向二维矩阵数据转换的算法,研究了该类数据转为栅格类型存储的直角坐标绘制模式,并采用ArcGIS Engine二次开发组件进行了实现。最后基于GIS技术研究了两种回波图像进行区域拼图的方法,并设计了回波图像拼合平台,其能够根据用户的选择条件实时对该地区4部雷达的回波图像进行拼合。在包头市气象局的测试应用表明,该平台可实现内蒙古中部地区天气的实时监测,同时为气象预报员制作气象预警预报提供辅助决策。     

基于IBP的天气雷达超分辨率重建算法

雷达基数据分辨率不够会导致灾害性天气系统预报、跟踪的准确率低.为了提高基数据的分辨率,将迭代反投影算法应用于雷达回波超分辨率重建中,并对算法进行了改进.该方法基于对天气雷达回波使用滑动窗的重建模型,并引入时间相关性约束,由低分辨率回波重建出高分辨率回波.基于天气雷达提供的实例反射率回波,给出其超分辨率重建后的结果,并对其重建效果进行估计和比较.实验表明该方法在定量估计和视觉评价上都具有良好的高分辨率重建效果.     

X波段天气雷达回波强度信号标定方法

为了抵消X波段天气雷达的接收机参数变化引起的雷达回波强度误差,根据雷达回波强度定标原理,利用CINRADSA天气雷达回波强度资料对NuistRD-X常规天气雷达进行强度标定,用标定后的NuistRD-X天气雷达回波与南京和常州CINRAD-SA的雷达回波作对比分析,测得的回波强度与南京和常州CINRAD-SA资料基本一致,结果表明这种定标方法适用于X波段常规天气雷达,这种定标方法是可行的。     

X波段天气雷达强度回波信号定标方法

为了抵消X波段天气雷达的接收机参数变化引起的雷达回波强度误差,根据雷达回波强度定标原理,利用CINRAD-SA天气雷达回波强度资料对NuistRD-X常规天气雷达进行强度标定,用标定后的NuistRD-X天气雷达回波与南京和常州CINRAD-SA的雷达回波作对比分析,测得的回波强度与南京和常州CINRAD-SA资料基本一致,结果表明这种定标方法适用于X波段常规天气雷达,这种定标方法是可行的.     

X波段移动雷达与S波段新一代天气雷达产品比对分析

为探究、验证X波段移动雷达系统及其回波数据实用性,利用X移动雷达在台风外围云系降水天气过程(2016.7.9)进行探测作业并收集观测数据,对移动雷达观测范围100 km内的回波信息进行研究分析,同时将其与S波段天气雷达同一时间段内探测到的速度场、强度场及对应测站雨量数据等资料进行数据分析,比对两部雷达观测结果的差异及原因。结果表明:X波段移动雷达与S波段新一代天气雷达相比,X波段雷达对气象目标物有灵敏的探测能力,X波段雷达比S波段雷达能探测到较好的空间分辨率和较低的地杂波。但是X波段雷达因探测降水时衰减严重,因此在60 km的探测范围内,X波段雷达回波强度略强,之后随之减弱。在探测降水的移动过程及强度变化趋势,与S波段雷达的探测结果基本一致。X波段移动雷达在S波段雷达故障或探测不到的地方,具有替代S波段雷达的应急作用,能够作为填补S波段雷达探测盲区的一种方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.