塑性球壳在局部冲击载荷作用下的破坏分析

通过能量守恒,建立了弹体初速度与变形之间的关系,得到壳体受冲击后的残余窝陷半径和中心位移与弹体初速度之间关系的闭合近似解.采用数值模拟的方法研究了塑性球壳在圆柱形弹体撞击下变形的问题.对塑性球壳在冲击载荷作用下的变形进行了较详细的仿真研究.给出:①不同冲击速度下,球壳受撞击的最终变形模态结果;②窝陷半径、顶点位移、棱区宽度随弹体初始速度变化的关系.理论解、模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好.     

对典型弹体的电磁仿真数值分析

为了研究某型弹药的电磁耦合规律,利用电磁仿真软件FEKO建立了弹体模型和所需的电磁环境。研究得到:弹体与引信壳体的屏蔽效能随频率变化的规律;在弹体内部腔体存在谐振频点,存在电磁耦合场的增强区域;引信内部存在谐振频点,存在电磁耦合场的增强区域。     

基于接触理论的弹体偏航机理

为了从本质上揭示弹体偏航作用机理,在已有弹塑性接触模型的基础上,运用接触理论和撞击理论,推导了接触刚度和恢复系数,建立了弹体与异形体弹塑性碰撞的宏观本构关系。进一步导出了弹体与异形体碰撞的攻角和角速度表达式,计算分析了弹头与异形体曲率半径比、弹体命中速度及入射角等因素对弹体攻角和角速度的影响规律。结果表明,异形体曲率半径越大,弹体攻角和角速度越大;弹体攻角随速度增大而减小,而角速度随速度增大而增大。     

弹体侵彻混凝土过程中炸药动态响应数值模拟

采用动力学计算程序AUTODYN对弹体侵彻混凝土过程进行了数值模拟,重点分析了弹体内部炸药所受压力的变化规律及装药与壳体之间的相互作用。数值模拟结果表明：弹体在侵彻过程中,装药前端主要受压缩作用,导致弹体前端的炸药产生明显的塑性应变;弹体尾部装药受到拉伸和压缩作用,并且装药和壳体尾部之间发生强烈碰撞,装药遭受明显的冲击作用。根据计算结果,侵彻型弹药设计应重点防护装药前端和尾部。     

弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶侵彻效率影响因素分析

为研究弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶体时,最大侵彻深度随弹体撞击速度的变化规律,定义侵彻效率为侵彻深度与速度的比值。针对一定的弹靶系统,通过实验数据和数值仿真研究了最大侵彻效率对应的弹体特征撞击速度。弹体撞击速度对侵彻效率的影响呈抛物线分布。随着速度的提高侵彻效率先增大后减少。侵彻效率达到极值前,随着速度的增大侵彻深度增加幅度很大。当最大侵彻效率对应的特征撞击速度增加约5%时,侵彻深度和侵彻能力最高。混凝土单轴抗压强度、弹头部形状系数、弹体长径比、弹体材料的强度及机械性能对侵彻效率的影响较大。     

弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶侵彻效率影响因素分析

为研究弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶体时,最大侵彻深度随弹体撞击速度的变化规律,定义侵彻效率为侵彻深度与速度的比值。针对一定的弹靶系统,通过实验数据和数值仿真研究了最大侵彻效率对应的弹体特征撞击速度。弹体撞击速度对侵彻效率的影响呈抛物线分布。随着速度的提高侵彻效率先增大后减少。侵彻效率达到极值前,随着速度的增大侵彻深度增加幅度很大。当最大侵彻效率对应的特征撞击速度增加约5%时,侵彻深度和侵彻能力最高。混凝土单轴抗压强度、弹头部形状系数、弹体长径比、弹体材料的强度及机械性能对侵彻效率的影响较大。     

分段式弹体经低速撞击后侵彻纸靶实验

将传统的霍普金森压杆装置与低速侵彻实验结合在一起,将长杆弹体做成三段式内有空腔的分段弹体,通过硬回收法得到分段弹体过载信息。选取牛皮纸作为低速侵彻时的靶体。通过对分段弹体加速度信号的一次积分与二次积分所得速度和位移与外部测量手段所测得的速度和侵彻深度数据进行对比研究,可确定影响过载测量准确性的因素。该装置能保证分段弹体低速侵彻实验的顺利完成,并能保证实验的可行性及重复性。已取得的实验结果表明,在弹体被低速撞击与自由飞行过程中应力波对加速度信号采集存在一定的影响,该影响会造成通过一阶积分运算所得到的速度值存在明显的二次升高。     

硅橡胶基磁敏弹性体制备及其压缩力学性能实验研究

为了探究影响磁敏弹性体压缩力学性能的因素,制备了4种不同磁敏颗粒含量以及磁敏颗粒随机分布、磁敏颗粒成链分布的磁弹体,在材料试验机的基础上附加磁学模块开发了一套力磁耦合测试系统,对磁弹体进行准静态压缩实验研究.实验结果表明:在磁场强度一定的情况下,磁敏颗粒含量越高的磁弹体压缩模量越大;磁敏颗粒含量相同的磁弹体的压缩模量随着实验磁场强度的增加而增加;磁敏颗粒成链分布的磁弹体的压缩模量随磁场强度增长的幅度大于磁敏颗粒随机分布的磁弹体的增长幅度.     

压力管道受平头弹体侧向冲击破坏的实验研究

研究充液薄壁圆管在平头弹体侧向冲击下局部凹陷、穿透及整体弯曲变形的耦合问题及发生穿透的弹道极限速度。借助DHR-9401落锤装置完成了足尺模型的三跨连续圆管的撞击实验。实验观察到临界破坏速度随内充质压力的增加而减小;平头弹体侧向冲击下,薄壁圆管产生冲塞型破坏。     

三角形截面长杆弹垂直侵彻半无限靶的成坑分析

为研究三角形截面弹体在垂直侵彻半无限靶时的成坑特性，通过分析三角形截面弹体头部接触面上的横向力，得到弹体头部碎渣颗粒的运动状态。根据侵彻速度关系式推断弹体瞬时速度对弹坑截面形状及大小的影响规律。采用ANSYS-DYNA有限元软件对不同速度的三角形截面弹体垂直侵彻半无限靶全过程进行数值模拟，并进行实验验证。仿真结果与实验结果一致。结果显示，三角形截面弹体在撞击平面上的质点横向应力分布不均匀，3个角方向上的力最大，边长中点位置处最小，总体呈U形分布。弹体瞬时速度逐渐减小，弹坑形状由近似规则圆形逐渐变为近似三角形的3瓣圆弧，且其截面积不断减小。在1 400～1 800 m/s的速度范围内进行了长杆弹撞击实验。速度为1 790 m/s时，弹坑在靶板表面的直径和深度分别为40 mm和7 mm,弹坑形状近似圆形。速度为1 510 m/s时，弹坑在靶板表面的直径和深度分别为38 mm和5 mm,弹坑截面表现为圆弧三角形。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.