Ag对Sn-57Bi无铅钎料组织和性能的影响

研究了在Sn-57Bi近共晶合金的基础上加入少量的Ag后对Sn-57Bi钎焊料铸态组织、抗拉强度和Sn-57Bi／Cu焊接性能的影响。试验结果表明，ωAg=0．1％～1．0％可使合金的共晶组织变细，β-Sn枝晶相的尺寸变小，提高其抗拉强度；使Sn-57Bi／Cu接头的剪切强度有所提高。     

二元铝合金在碱性介质中的腐蚀与电化学行为

研究Al-Me(Me:Mg,Zn,Bi,Sn,Pb,In,Ga)二元合金在25℃ 4 mol/L NaOH碱性介质中的析氢腐蚀速率、自腐蚀电位、恒电流极化电极电位.结果表明:在25℃ 4 mol/L NaOH碱性介质中,纯铝中加入Zn或In的Al-Me二元合金析氢腐蚀速率增大,自腐蚀电位负移;加入Bi或Ga的Al-Me二元合金析氢速率影响不大,自腐蚀电位负移;添加Mg,Sn或Pb的Al-Me二元合金析氢速率降低,自腐蚀电位正移.当以100 mA/cm2的电流密度进行恒电流极化时,Mg,Zn,Bi,In能使Al-Me二元合金电极电位稍有负移,Sn,Pb,Ga能使Al-Me二元合金电极电位大幅度负移.     

铸态Zn-Al-Sn-Bi合金在模拟酸雨溶液中的腐蚀性能

分别制备了Zn-15Al-1Sn-0.1Bi,Zn-15Al-3Sn-0.1Bi,Zn-15Al-5Sn-0.1Bi,Zn-15Al-7Sn-0.1Bi合金试样,研究在锌中加入Al、Sn和Bi元素提高合金综合性能和酸雨环境下的耐腐蚀能力,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、EDS能谱分析,观察合金的微观组织特征及成分,并研究其在模拟酸雨溶液中的浸态腐蚀性能及电化学腐蚀性能,结果表明:Zn-15Al-5Sn-0.1Bi合金具有平均腐蚀速率低,自腐蚀电流密度小,硬度和强度高,耐酸雨腐蚀能力强等特点.     

时效处理对Sn—Ag—Cu—Bi无铅钎料显微组织和力学性能的影响

主要研究了时效处理对Sn-3Ag-0．5Cu、Sn-3Ag-0．5Cu-1Bi、Sn-3Ag-0．5Cu-3Bi无铅钎料显微组织和力学性能的影响，并根据试验结果讨论了Bi元素的作用。试验结果表明：Bi的加入提高了钎料的抗拉强度，但降低了其延伸率。通过在不同温度下时效处理，在含Bi的钎料中，Bi在Sn基体中析出，而含Bi的钎料表现出相对稳定的力学性能。这可归因于Bi的固溶强化与弥散强化作用的转化。     

含银铅锑多元合金真空蒸馏的元素挥发行为

以富集银为目的,采用真空蒸馏法研究含银铅锑多元合金在中真空(5~25 Pa)的条件下蒸馏过程中各元素的挥发行为,考察蒸馏温度、蒸馏时间对各元素脱除率的影响。实验结果表明:在系统压力为5~25 Pa,蒸馏温度为950℃,蒸馏时间≥45 min的条件下,Pb和Bi脱除率接近100%;As和Sb的挥发较为彻底,其脱除率分别达到96.3%和92.5%以上,而Ag和Cu基本不挥发。残留物的XRD分析结果表明,残留物中Cu与Sb形成化合物Cu2Sb及Cu10Sb3,Ag与Sb生成Ag3Sb,As与Cu生成Cu5As2,使得Sb和As的挥发不够彻底。真空蒸馏法提供一种含银铅锑多元合金中Ag与贱金属分离的方法,使Ag能得到有效富集。     

Sn-8Zn-3Bi无铅钎料的抗氧化性

为了提高Sn-8Zn-3Bi合金钎料的抗氧化性,在Sn-8Zn-3Bi合金基础上,通过加入少量的其他合金元素(A1,P)以提高钎料的抗氧化性.少量A1的加入降低了Sn-8Zn-3Bi钎料的氧化量,而加入P的Sn-8Zn-3Bi钎料在加热过程中不仅没有质量增加,反而出现减重现象.通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射等分析手段研究样品的表面微观结构和显微组织,探讨了A1,P的抗氧化机理.分析结果表明:A1通过在合金表面形成一层致密的氧化膜,阻止钎料直接接触周围空气,从而达到了降低氧化速率的目的;P通过自身不断被氧化而消耗钎料表面的O原子,从而保护元素Sn和Zn不被氧化.     

Sn-Zn基低温无铅钎料合金的表面性质研究

基于Butler方程和STCBE(surface tension calculation based on butler's equation)程序计算了与Sn-Zn-M三元无铅钎料合金相关的二元及三元合金表面张力,计算值与文献中的实验值在误差范围内有好的一致性.有关三元合金体系表面张力的可靠预测值将为Sn-Zn基低温无铅钎料的设计提供依据.用XPS实验方法测定了Sn-9Zn,Sn-9Zn-1Bi,Sn-9Zn-1La及Sn-7Zn-8Bi-1La合金表面的组分,研究表明Bi和La在相关合金中是表面富集元素.     

Sn-60%Bi合金熔体粘滞性研究

通过对Sn-60％Bi合金熔体的粘度的系统测量和分析．研究了Sn-60％Bi合金熔体的粘度随温度变化的规律和熔体结构的变化。结果表明,Sn-60％Bi合金熔体的粘度随温度的变化呈明显的不连续性,根据粘度的变化可以将熔体状态分为高温区、中温区和低温区,各温区间存在粘度突变温度点。在低温区和高温区之间可能存在着熔体结构的变化。     

化探样品测试方法探讨

本文主要进行了化探测试项目中Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、W、Mo、Sn、As、Sb、Bi、Hg的测试方法研究及各测试项目所用仪器的工作条件选择，并要求Au、Ag最低检出限为0．1ppb，Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Mo、Sn、As、Sb、Bi、Hg最低检出限为0．05ppm。为此，对仪器测量条件、样品分析过程及准确性进行了分析，确定了测量仪器的最佳工作条件下获得了最佳结果。     

Si和Sb对AZ31合金铸态显微组织和力学性能的影响

运用光学金相（0M）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结合电子拉伸实验研究了0～1．5wt％Si和0—1．5wt％Sb对AZ31合金的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：Si能够细化AZ31合金组织,但生成的Mg2Si相极易呈现汉字状形貌,降低合金的力学性能11而Sb的加入,可以改善Mg2Si的形貌,同时细化合金显微组织,有助于合金室温力学性能的提高。当AZ31合金加入0．5wt％Si和1．0wt％Sb后,力学性能达到最佳,在保证合金延伸率不变的情况下,抗拉强度达到185MPa,比AZ31合金提高了23．5％．     

超细氧化物颗粒对Sn\|58Bi钎料组织及性能影响

研究了分别添加1%Al2 O3 、Fe2 O3 、SiO2 、TiO2 超细粉末对Sn-58Bi共晶钎料的润湿性、钎焊接头微观组织及力学性能影响.结果表明,氧化物粉末的添加对钎料熔点影响不大,但钎料润湿性及钎焊接头剪切强度明显提高;明显细化钎焊接头基体组织及界面金属间化合物颗粒大小,并且界面金属间化合物层厚度也有一定减薄;另外,可抑制钎焊时焊点表面Bi的氧化,因此焊点表面光亮度也有明显提高.     

Effects of nano-sized Ag reinforcing particulates on the microstructure of Sn-0.7Cu solder joints

Composite solders were prepared by mechanically dispersing different volumes of nano-sized Ag particles into the Sn-0.7Cu eutectic solder. The effects of Ag particle addition on the microstructure of Sn-0.7Cu solder joints were investigated. Besides, the effects of isothermal aging on the microstructural evolution in the interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) layer of the Sn-0.7Cu solder and the composite solder reinforced with 1vol% Ag particles were analyzed, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the growth rate of the interfacial IMC layer in the Ag particles reinforced composite solder joint is much lower than that in the Sn-0.7Cu solder joint during isothermal aging. The Ag particles reinforced composite solder joint exhibits much lower layer-growth coefficient for the growth of the IMC layer than the corresponding solder joint.     

Effect of indium addition on the microstructural formation and soldered interfaces of Sn-2.5Bi-1Zn-0.3Ag lead-free solder

The microstructural formation and properties of Sn-2.5Bi-xIn-1Zn-0.3Ag (in wt%) alloys and the evolution of soldered interfaces on a Cu substrate were investigated. Apart from the relatively low melting point (about 195℃), which is close to that of conventional eutectic Sn-Pb solder, the investigated solder presents superior wettability, solderability, and ductility. The refined equiaxial grains enhance the mechanical properties, and the embedded bulk intermetallic compounds (IMCs) (Cu₆Sn₅ and Cu₅Zn₈) and granular Bi particles improve the joint reliability. The addition of In reduces the solubility of Zn in the β-Sn matrix and strongly influences the separation and growth behaviors of the IMCs. The soldered interface of Sn-2.5Bi-xIn-1Zn-0.3Ag/Cu consists of Cu-Zn and Cu-Sn IMC layers.     

Optimization of mechanical properties of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu alloys by the additions of Bi,In and Ti

Bi, In and Ti were added to Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu (SAC387) solder alloy to optimize the mechanical performance. The alloying effects of Bi, In and Ti on the microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of SAC387 based solder alloys were investigated. The results demonstrate that adding 3.5 ?wt % of Bi could refine the microstructure, optimize the thermal properties, and improve the tensile strength. Meanwhile, the ductility of the solder alloys reduced evidently. Adding 2.8 ?wt % of In into SAC387–3.5 ?wt %Bi alloy could increase both the strength and ductility, which is attributed to the beneficial effect of In addition, as adding In could improve the solubility of Bi in the β-Sn matrix. Meanwhile, the melting point was reduced, and the wettability improved with the addition of In. Introducing amounts of Ti into SAC387–3.5 ?wt % Bi-2.8 ?wt % In alloy could further increase the strength. However, the ductility was significantly reduced when 0.8 ?wt % of Ti was added due to the formation of the coarse Ti₂Sn₃ phase. The undercooling was remarkably reduced with the addition of Ti. The nanoindentation tests demonstrate that the hardness increased mainly due to the hardening effect of the Bi addition. Among all the samples prepared, alloy SAC387–3.5 ?wt % Bi exhibited the highest creep resistance at the ambient temperature. Further adding In and Ti into SAC387–3.5 ?wt % Bi alloys reduced the creep resistance of the solder alloys. The mechanism associated with the different mechanical responses is also discussed in this study.     

微量Nd对Sn-9Zn钎料特性及焊点组织与性能的影响

研究Sn-9Zn中添加微量稀土元素Nd对合金显微组织和铺展性能的影响,对比分析Sn-9Zn-xNd(x=0,0.1,0.5)钎料/Cu焊点界面微观特征及力学性能。结果表明:微量Nd元素在Sn-9Zn合金中能够显著细化组织,但添加量为0.5%时合金中形成了"十字状"NdSn3金属间化合物(IMC)。钎焊温度较低或时间较短时,微量Nd添加能够改善Sn-9Zn合金在Cu基板上的铺展性能;但是在温度较高或时间较长的钎焊工艺条件下,由于Nd元素的严重氧化导致钎料铺展性能明显下降。在Sn-9Zn中添加0.1%Nd,在界面处形成了均匀细密分布的"毛绒状"共晶组织,能够提高焊点结合性能;Nd添加量为0.5%时,成分偏聚引起的组织不均匀导致焊点力学性能下降。     

Electrochemical migration behaviors of lead-free 64Sn-35Bi-1Ag solder on FR-4 PCB board plated with Cu

Electrochemical migration (ECM) characteristic is a new reliability failure. A parallel surfacial electrode system coupling with scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technologies is designed to research ECM behavior of 64Sn-35Bi-1Ag (SBA) solder in 3.5 g/L NaCl solution and compare to that of Sn37Pb and Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC) solders. Results show that SBA solder is more susceptible to ECM failure than Sn37Pb solder, which is more difficult than SAC solder. The affected factors of ECM are given as follows: the solder compositions, the loaded electric field, ECM time, etc. The electrochemical reaction mechanism of ECM process is achieved. EDAX and XRD analyses show that the main contents on dendrites of SBA solder after ECM test are Sn, hardly any Bi, a little Ag, which illustrates that the order of ion migration capacity is shown as follows: Sn Ag Bi.     

BGA封装中含Bi,Ni的无铅焊球剪切强度研究

对Sn/3.5Ag/0.7Cu,Sn/3Ag/3Bi/0.5Cu和Sn/3Ag/3Bi/0.5Cu/0.1Ni三种BGA无铅焊球(0.76 mm)经不同热循环后,在FR-4基板上的剪切强度进行了测量.采用SEM和EDX对样品截面进行观察和元素分析.数据表明,Bi的掺入提高了焊料的润湿性及焊接强度,并减缓了IMC的生长速度;焊料中加入微量Ni可有效减小焊点下金属上Ni镀层的耗穿速度,抑制了焊球经热循环后焊接强度的下降.     

温度与镀层对Sn0.7Cu焊料合金润湿性的影响

主要研究了真空状态下,焊接温度为530,560和590 K时,Sn-0.7Cu焊料合金在镀Cu、镀Ni、镀Ni/Ag和镀Ni/Au基板上的润湿性.结果表明:提高钎焊时的焊接温度,有助于降低液态Sn-0.7Cu焊料合金的表面张力,从而增大Sn-0.7Cu焊料合金在焊接基板上的润湿性.在相同的焊接条件下,Sn-0.7Cu焊料合金在镀Ni/Ag和镀Ni/Au基板上的润湿性比其在Cu和镀Ni基板上的润湿性好.     

掺杂Sb对Sn-Ag-Cu焊料性能的影响

在Sn-3．0Ag-0．5Cu系焊料中分别掺杂不同比例的Sb（锑），制备了无铅焊料合金．用DSC差示扫描量热仪测试熔点，用扫描电子显微镜对其显微组织进行分析，并对其导电性，润湿性等进行测试．实验结果表明，一定比例掺杂的Sn-Ag-Cu-Sb焊料，比未掺杂时，熔点下降不明显，但其显微组织结构更细化，导电性、润湿性有明显提高．