聚丙烯膜表面光接枝MBA的合成及研究

水性体系中,以二苯甲酮(BP)为引发剂,在商业聚丙烯(PP)微孔滤膜表面紫外光接枝了功能单体N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA).考察了紫外光照时间、单体浓度对接枝率的影响,通过FTIR和对水接触角的测量研究了膜的表面性能.结果表明:光照时间为90 min、单体浓度为0.1 mol.L-1时,接枝率达到最大值;FTIR的结果证明,MBA被成功接枝到了PP膜的表面,对水接触角随着接枝率的增加而减小,接枝改性后膜表面的亲水性有了很大提高.     

聚偏氟乙烯膜表面光接枝改性的研究

以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为接枝单体、苯丙酮(BP)为光引发剂,采用紫外光照射的方法对疏水性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)微孔滤膜进行接枝改性,研究紫外接枝过程中溶剂、氧气、光照时间和单体浓度对PVDF膜光接枝的影响.结果表明:甲醇是溶剂的最佳选择,反应需要在无氧下进行,当单体浓度为0.1 mol.L-1、照射时间为45 m in时膜光接枝效果最佳.采用全反射红外光谱(ATR-IR)、表面水接触角分析膜的表面性质及变化.结果表明,MBA接枝到膜的表面,明显提高了膜的亲水性.     

光接枝聚合制备双极膜的影响因素研究

以丙烯酸(AA)为接枝单体,二苯甲酮(BP)为主引发剂,二乙烯基苯(DVB)、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯(NPGDA)为交联剂,在均相阴离子交换膜表面,通过光接枝聚合得到聚丙烯酸型阳离子交换层,形成单片型双极膜结构.考察了光照时间、交联剂用量、引发剂浓度等对光接枝聚合反应的影响.不加交联剂时,单纯以BP为引发剂,接枝程度随反应时间延长而增加,但接枝程度低;交联剂的加入可明显的提高接枝程度,在反应时间为60s左右,接枝程度最大;NPGDA做交联剂时,接枝程度高于二乙烯基苯;以2,4,6-三甲苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦(TPO)为共引发剂,NPGDA用量为单体量的2.5%时,接枝程度最高,为30.1%.采用均聚型引发剂与接枝型引发剂(BP)复配,可提高接枝程度,但在浓度相同时接枝程度最低.     

等离子体引发接枝聚合丙烯酰胺对聚乙烯表面改性的研究

研究了等离子体引发单体接枝聚合对聚合物的表面改性.选取聚乙烯为聚合物底材接枝丙烯酰胺,研究了接枝反应条件对接枝率的影响规律.反应温度愈高,接枝率愈大,当反应温度达到溶液的沸点时,接枝率急剧增大;随着单体浓度的增大,接枝率几乎呈现出线性增长的趋势;接枝率随反应时间的延长而增大.溶剂对接枝反应有较大的影响.当体积比R(R=V(H2O)/V(CnH2n+1OH))为零(即选用醇作为单一溶剂)时,选用乙醇和异丙醇作为溶剂时,接枝率不为零,而选用甲醇作为溶剂时,接枝率为零.在相同体积比情况下,选用(醇+水)混合溶剂时接枝率的变化规律是:(异丙醇+水)≥(乙醇+水) ＞(甲醇+水).衰减全反射红外光谱分析表明了丙烯酰胺单体接枝到聚合物薄膜样品表面.     

LDPE-VAC体系光接枝及交联反应的研究(Ⅰ)引发剂的影响

采用不同的引发剂(如BP, Irgacure 651, Irgacure 184, XAN, ITX, AQ, BPO, AIBN, 丙酮以及环己酮等)引发醋酸乙烯酯(VAC)在低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)膜上光接枝聚合反应, 并用称重法测定了单体的转化率、接枝效率及膜的交联度;作为比较, 同时考察了不加单体时上述引发剂引发LDPE膜的交联反应. 结果表明, 使用BP作引发剂时, 接枝效率最高(接近80%), 交联程度也最高(超过50%);而AQ, BPO和AIBN等却不能引发VAC的接枝聚合反应;单体不存在时, 所有引发剂均能引发PE膜的交联反应, 但交联程度不同.     

光接枝丙烯酸到聚乙烯表面制备pH敏感膜

通过紫外接枝技术对高分子膜表面进行改性可以得到具有环境响应性能的智能高分子膜.本实验使用液相光接枝法,由V(丁酮)∶V(水)∶V(乙醇)=1∶8∶1混合体系引发丙烯酸(AA)单体接枝到聚乙烯膜上.用红外光谱(FTIR)对改性后的聚乙烯膜进行了表征.重量法和红外分析均表明接枝时间越长聚乙烯膜接枝单体的量越多.测定了接枝膜的吸水性和对pH的敏感性,结果显示接枝膜具有很强的吸水性(平衡溶胀率RES可达100以上)和很快的pH响应(20s左右).     

LDPE-VAC体系光接枝及交联反应的研究 (Ⅰ)引发剂的影响

采用不同的引发剂(如BP,Irgacure651,Irgacure184,XAN,ITX,AQ,BPO,AIBN,丙酮以及环己酮等)引发醋酸乙烯酯(VAC)在低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)膜上光接枝聚合反应,并用称重法测定了单体的转化率、接枝效率及膜的交联度;作为比较,同时考察了不加单体时上述引发剂引发LDPE膜的交联反应。结果表明,使用BP作引发剂时,接枝效率最高(接近80%),交联程度也最高(超过50%);而AQ,BPO和AIBN等却不能引发VAC的接枝聚合反应;单体不存在时,所有引发剂均能引发PE膜的交联反应,但交联程度不同。     

聚乙烯与α—甲基丙烯酸接枝共聚的研究

本文研究在水介质中,α-甲基丙烯酸在高压聚乙烯颗粒表面进行的非均相接枝共聚反应,它的接枝度随反应时间.反应温度、单体浓度及引发剂浓度的增加而提高.并用扫描电镜、红外光谱,差热分析及裂解色谱等方法,分析证实了接枝链结构的存在。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯在流延聚丙烯薄膜表面的紫外光引发接枝改性

通过紫外光引发在流延聚丙烯(CPP)薄膜表面接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA),考察以二苯甲酮(BP)和二氟二苯甲酮(DFBP)分别作为光引发剂时MMA的接枝效果。以傅里叶红外光谱分析薄膜表面物质的结构,润湿角测量仪表征薄膜的表面亲水性。结果表明:以BP作为光敏剂时MMA的接枝率可达0.032 06%;接枝后在1 734 cm-1处薄膜表面产生羰基吸收峰;水在CPP薄膜表面的接触角随着接枝率的增加而降低,表明MMA在CPP表面接枝可以改善薄膜的表面亲水性。     

MTMP光接枝改性聚乙烯薄膜的研究

以二苯甲酮为光引发剂 ,实现了反应型受阻胺哌啶醇衍生物 4- (甲基丙烯酰氧基 ) -2 ,2 ,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯 ( MTMP)作为单体在聚乙烯薄膜 ( L LDPE)表面进行液 -固相光接枝聚合以改善其光稳定化性能 .采用全反射红外光谱 ( ATR- FTIR)对接枝后样品膜进行了表面羰基分析 ,并以黄度指数 ( YI)为表征参数对光接枝前后的 L LDPE薄膜样品进行了光氧化降解试验 .结果表明 :在 MTMP- g- L LDPE光接枝体系中 ,接枝率分别与辐照时间和单体溶液浓度呈线性增长关系 ;接枝后 L LDPE样品膜的羰基特征吸收峰 ( A172 5　cm- 1 )和接枝率随辐照时间呈同步增长规律 ;接枝后 LLDPE样品膜的光稳定性 ( 1 /YI)随接枝率的增加而提高     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-