基于Fe-safe的K形对接焊缝疲劳分析

基于等效结构应力法和BS7608焊缝疲劳分析方法,分析了不同坡角的K形对接焊缝的疲劳性能.分别采用ANSYS和Fe-safe对其进行静力分析和疲劳分析,得到K形对接焊缝本身的疲劳寿命和焊趾处的疲劳寿命.计算结果表明,焊趾处存在明显名义应力集中且随着坡口角度的增大而增大;焊趾处疲劳强度最低,焊趾的疲劳强度随坡角的增大而降低;焊缝自身的疲劳强度随着坡角的增大而有所提高.增大焊缝坡口角度有利于焊缝自身的抗疲劳性能,却不利于焊趾,这对钢结构加工过程中焊缝坡角的选择具有参考意义.     

用热点应力评定双相不锈钢焊接接头疲劳强度

针对双相不锈钢焊接结构的疲劳性能问题，通过试验对双相不锈钢纵向角接板焊接接头和侧面角接板焊接接头疲劳强度用热点应力进行了评定，做出了热点应力S-N曲线并与名义应力疲劳评定进行了比较．说明符合本试验型式及尺寸的这两种焊接接头用名义应力评定时疲劳数据分散性很大，试验疲劳级别分别为FAT136和FAT102；用热点应力评定时疲劳数据分散性明显减小，其疲劳强度可以用一条S-N曲线表示，试验疲劳级别为FAT162。     

钢箱梁横隔板焊缝疲劳性能的锤击效果研究

针对钢箱梁横隔板与U肋连接焊缝疲劳细节,选取了三个局部试件作为研究对象,采用锤击装置对试件弧形缺口处焊缝的焊趾部位进行锤击处理,并采用疲劳试验机对处理后试件进行疲劳加载,对比分析试件的疲劳裂纹扩展情况、疲劳应力幅和疲劳强度的变化情况。同时,建立了局部锤击有限元模型,分析锤击部位的残余应力、塑性变形等,并结合疲劳试验结果,从疲劳裂纹萌生寿命、疲劳强度、锤击残余应力分布等角度,对锤击效果进行了评价。研究结果表明,锤击处理可有效提高横隔板与U肋连接焊缝的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命及疲劳强度;锤击处理可产生明显的塑性变形及残余应力,且两者均以焊趾为中心近似呈圆弧状分布;锤击深度为0.2mm时,锤击残余压应力沿板厚、垂直焊缝方向的分布范围均为3mm左右,从而改善构件的疲劳性能。     

钢桥面板焊接部位的疲劳应力分析方法

对常用的传统疲劳应力分析方法的控制参量和计算方式进行对比,分析了各方法的适用范围及传统疲劳方法与断裂力学法的差异.根据名义应力试验实测应力值,修正了有限元模型精度,进行了钢桥面板焊接部位疲劳热点应力分析,结果表明热点应力可通过名义应力乘以放大系数获得.钢桥面板与竖向加劲肋角焊缝连接且厚度均为12 mm时,该构造细节的热点应力强度可采用Eurocode 3规范疲劳强度FAT100曲线.     

基于热点应力法的焊接结构疲劳评估

针对传统名义应力整体法在焊接板结构疲劳分析应用中的实际困难,介绍和分析了应用于海洋结构工程领域的基于表面外推的热点应力法.通过对焊接样件在不同应力水平下的疲劳试验,获取了焊接样件在97.7%可靠度下的疲劳寿命.采用热点应力法计算样件焊趾处热点应力值,提出考虑主板厚度效应的修正S-N曲线,并预测了样件的疲劳寿命.结果表明:板厚修正后的热点应力S-N曲线应用于薄板焊接结构疲劳寿命评估具有更高的精度和可靠性.以轨道车辆用焊接天线梁为例,采用该方法分析了焊缝处的热点应力,其最大应力发生位置与线路运用中出现裂纹位置相吻合,其计算寿命为7.1×10~5次,与实际运营结果基本一致.为平板焊接接头的抗疲劳设计提供参考.     

临界距离理论评定焊接接头疲劳寿命的研究

研究局部法应用于焊接接头疲劳评定的有效性和适应性.基于Taylor的临界距离理论,引入开裂部位的当量应力,它由有限元计算得到.针对钢质与铝质十字接头的疲劳数据进行分析,承载型十字接头的疲劳裂纹源于焊趾或焊根,由当量应力的大小所预测的开裂部位与实验结果相符.对疲劳裂纹源于焊趾部位的承载与非承载型十字接头,以焊趾部位的当量应力作为控制应力,此时疲劳数据的离散程度低,可望将焊趾开裂十字接头的疲劳强度以及S-N曲线统一表示.对疲劳裂纹产生于焊根的承载型十字接头,将焊根部位的当量应力作为控制应力,疲劳数据的分散度较大,与名义应力法相当,此时,局部法的有效性值得进一步考察.     

基于有效缺口应力法的正交异性钢桥面板疲劳评价

为验证有效缺口应力法在正交异性钢桥面板疲劳评价中的适用性,开展了横隔板弧形切口2种不同过渡形式的局部应力研究.采用Ansys分别计算U肋与横隔板连接处焊趾和焊根处的有效缺口应力,并加以比较,表明焊趾处更易萌生裂纹.采用S-N曲线评估其疲劳寿命,表明有效缺口应力法可以应用于正交异性桥面板的疲劳评价.有限元分析假定缺口的真实半径为0,这可能导致试验结果的保守性.基于不同U肋厚度的比较,发现U肋厚度的增加将导致U肋与横隔板端焊缝处更易产生疲劳裂纹.相关研究结果可为正交异性钢桥面板的设计和疲劳评价提供参考.     

铸钢节点环形对接焊缝的疲劳计算

给出了采用热点应力法进行铸钢节点环形对接焊缝疲劳寿命估算的全过程.介绍了热点应力幅度的计算方法,即热点应力幅度的计算可根据名义应力和应力集中系数计算,也可采用有限元方法计算.给出了环形对接焊缝热点应力寿命曲线的表示方法和细节分类,列出了各种焊接细节的S-N(应力-寿命)曲线.介绍了线性Miner损伤累积准则.根据热点应力幅度、S-N曲线和线性Miner损伤累积准则,可对铸钢节点环形对接焊缝进行寿命估算.最后,以杭州湾跨海大桥海中平台观光塔铸钢节点为例,说明了波浪载荷下铸钢节点环形对接焊缝的疲劳寿命估算过程.     

风荷载下空间网格结构疲劳性能

依据课题组风洞试验测得的风压时程数据,采用梁单元整体模型与壳单元局部模型相结合的方式,对风致振动响应时程进行了分析;基于热点应力法,运用雨流计数法统计了焊接球节点焊趾处热点应力循环历程;根据挪威船级社规范提供的S-N曲线,结合Miner疲劳线性累积损伤理论,计算出空间网格结构构件的疲劳损伤值.计算结果表明,对于小曲率球壳结构,结构中最先出现疲劳损伤的构件位于平均正风压与脉动风压均最大的球壳迎风面;结构中疲劳构件的疲劳损伤值随平均正风压、脉动风压的增大而增大;相同工况下,采用热点应力法对构件进行的疲劳估计相比于名义应力法更偏于安全.     

正交异性钢桥面板U肋与横隔板构造细节围焊处疲劳性能

为了研究正交异型钢桥面板的U肋与横隔板连接处的疲劳性能,以九江长江公路大桥正交异性钢桥面板的U肋与横隔板处焊缝细部构造为研究对象,通过实桥结构有限元分析及其局部结构子模型法进行的精细分析,得到了该细部结构焊缝处的应力分布及疲劳危险点;以疲劳试样关注点应力状态应与实桥对应位置应力状态相同的设计原则设计了疲劳试样。对疲劳试样进行了有限元分析、应力测试和疲劳试验。研究结果表明:疲劳试样与实桥在U肋与横隔板焊缝处的应力变化规律相一致,最大应力发生在U肋与横隔板焊缝围焊处的焊址部位;疲劳裂纹首先发生在U肋与横隔板焊围焊处,然后沿焊缝向两侧扩展;同时得到了该处的S-N曲线以及容许应力幅值;研究成果为大桥的疲劳寿命评估和养护维修提供依据,也为其他桥梁设计提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.