Pr对Mg-4Si中初生Mg_2Si相变质作用

利用稀土元素Pr对过共晶Mg-4Si合金中的初生Mg2Si相进行变质处理,并讨论其变质机理.结果表明:Pr对Mg-4Si中的初生Mg2Si相可以起到有效的变质作用,在Pr质量分数为3%时,变质效果最佳;随着Pr的加入,初生Mg2Si相形态上从花瓣状的树枝晶转变为颗粒状的多边形,尺寸由200μm降到60μm;随着Pr的加入,有白亮的纤维状新相生成,经EDS分析该相为Pr2Si3相;Pr通过表面溶质富集抑制初生Mg2Si相择优生长,Pr2Si3相起到异质形核作用,从而对初生Mg2Si相变质.     

稀土Ce对Al-5Ti-0.5Mg-0.15Gd合金微观组织和细化行为的影响

研究了稀土Ce添加量对Al-5Ti-0.5Mg-0.15Gd中间合金微观组织和细化行为的影响,结果表明:Al-5Ti-0.5Mg-0.15Gd中间合金基体上分布着条状的TiAl_3相,径向尺寸为10-200μm,轴向尺寸为30-40μm;当Ce加入量为0.5%时,Al-5Ti-0.5Mg-0.15Gd中的TiAl_3相尺寸明显降低,并随着Ce含量增加,TiAl_3相尺寸进一步降低,当Ce加入量增至1.5%时,细化剂中的TiAl_3颗粒相变得更加细小,并在轴向上发生离断;与Al-5Ti相比,Al-5Ti-0.5Mg-0.15Gd-1.5Ce对Al-7Si合金的α-Al细化更显著,并对合金中的共晶硅也有细化作用.     

新型细化剂AlTiBRE中间合金的纯净化处理效果研究

采用铝熔体熔剂净化技术对Al5Ti1B0.5RE中间合金细化剂熔体进行净化处理试验,优化出合适的排杂熔剂及其处理工艺,并采用OM、SEM、EDAX等进行夹杂物及细化相粒子的存在形态和成分分析.结果表明,XHJ1熔剂的净化效果好,与未净化的相比,除杂率达82.4%.当XHJ1熔剂加入量2%,处理温度750℃时细化剂中含杂量少,夹杂物数量也少、尺寸细小且弥散分布.有效的净化对改善细化剂中细化相粒子的分布形态起重要作用,即经净化后细化相粒子TiAl3分布更为均匀且多呈细小块状、平均尺寸11.16μm,TiB2相粒子呈疏松状均匀分布、平均尺寸3.28μm,此外还揭示了其改善的原因.     

基于CALPHAD的耐磨堆焊合金成分优化设计

通过CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagrams)方法,对高碳高铬耐磨堆焊合金成分进行优化设计,研究合金元素C、Ti、V、Nb对堆焊金属微观组织与相变规律的影响,并通过试验对CALPHAD设计结果进行验证。结果表明,不加入微合金元素时,耐磨堆焊合金的显微组织由初生(Cr,Fe)7C3型碳化物及共晶(Cr,Fe)7C3/γ(Cr,Fe)组成;随碳含量升高,初生(Cr,Fe)7C3型碳化物含量随之升高。加入微合金元素Ti、V、Nb后,在堆焊金属中析出M(M=Ti,V,Nb)C型碳化物,从而细化初生(Cr,Fe)7C3型碳化物,提高铁基耐磨合金的性能,延长再制造堆焊零部件表面的服役时间。     

超声振动工艺下微量Sc对A380合金组织性能的影响

在超声振动工艺下加入质量分数为0~0.5%的稀土Sc对A380合金进行变质处理,以研究稀土Sc对A380合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:在超声振动工艺下,加入微量Sc可以使A380合金微观组织中的初生α相显著细化,由粗大的树枝晶变为细小、无定向的枝晶,并且形态变得圆整,出现大量蔷薇状和颗粒状的α相;当Sc加入量为0.3%时,对α相的细化效果最理想;同时,超声振动工艺下微量Sc还使A380合金微观组织中的共晶Si和Al3Fe Si2相尺寸显著减小,由粗大的针状变为蠕虫状和点状;加入0.3%Sc的A380合金,其铸态下抗拉强度为314 MPa,屈服强度为223 MPa,伸长率为3.7%,勃氏硬度为109,此时,晶粒粒度最小,约为31μm,形状因子最大,为0.75。     

钇对2519铝合金铸态组织的影响

采用X射线、光学显微镜及扫描电镜等研究质量分数为0～0.3%的钇对2519铝合金铸态组织的影响.研究结果表明:添加0.1%的钇后2519铝合金的铸态组织明显细化,铸态晶粒尺寸由100μm减少到70μm;但当钇含量超过0.1%时,合金的铸态组织随着钇含量的增加又逐渐粗化;当钇含量为0.3%时,合金铸态晶粒尺寸达200μm左右;钇加入2519铝合金中主要形成Al6Cu6Y稀土化合物并沿晶界分布;钇改变了合金铸态中第二相的形貌及大小,加入适量的钇(0.1%)对2519铝合金铸态中的第二相具有球化和细化作用.     

微量Fe、Ni和Ti复合对Al-20Si合金微观组织及其性能的影响

Fe、Ni和Ti元素以AlFeNiTi中间合金的形式添加,AlFeNiTi中间合金（原子比1∶1∶1∶1）通过真空电弧熔炼炉进行熔配,研究中间合金添加量（0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%,质量分数）对Al-20Si合金中Si相、α-Al和力学性能的影响．结果表明：当Al-20Si合金中添加2.0%AlFeNiTi中间合金时,初生Si的形貌由粗大不规则块状和五瓣星状变质为细小规则的块状,其平均尺寸从未变质时的91μm减小到40μm,减小56.1%;共晶Si形貌从粗大的针片状变质为边缘钝化的细小粒状,而且α-Al的二次枝晶显著减小,形貌由粗大树枝晶细化为蔷薇状组织．合金的抗拉强度由129 MPa（未变质合金）增加到182 MPa(2.0%AlFeNiTi变质),增加了41.1%,延伸率由0.8%提高到1.43%,提高了78.7%.     

Nb对快淬Nd10Fe84B6合金微观组织和磁性能的影响

研究了添加Nb对快淬Nd10Fe84B6合金磁性能、微观组织和晶化温度的影响.结果表明:添加Nb可以提高快淬态合金中非晶相的热稳定性,减小最佳退火温度和晶化起始温度之间的温度差,抑制热处理时α-Fe和Nd2Fe14B晶粒的预先析出和长大,有效细化了晶粒,提高磁性能.快淬Nd10Fe83Nb1B6合金经过715℃热处理10 min,磁性能达到Br=0.90 T,iHc=750 kA/m,(BH)max=120 kJ/m3,较之Nd10Fe84B6合金,内禀矫顽力提高了25%,最大磁能积提高了14%.     

超声制备Al-5Ti-1B中间合金中TiB2粒子尺寸分布及其晶粒细化性能

在连续高能超声作用下,制备出一种新型的Al-5Ti-1B中间合金,研究了该中间合金的微观组织、形核相TiB2粒子尺寸分布以及它对工业纯铝的晶粒细化效果.结果表明,与常规制备方法相比,在4 min连续高能超声振动作用下,可使Al熔体对混合氟盐的吸收率达到100%,大大缩短了制备反应时间.Al-5Ti-1B中间合金中,TiAl3相呈现10~20μm小团块状;TiB2粒子为规则多边状,并有清晰的外形轮廓,呈松散聚集团状分布;TiB2粒子的平均尺寸以及尺寸跨度大大降低,分别为646.9 nm、1.2μm.该中间合金的优良组织特性显著提高了其晶粒细化性能,用此中间合金可将工业纯铝的铸态晶粒尺寸细化至45μm.     

硅对Fe-Mn-C-Si系自润滑合金组织与耐磨性的影响

在高锰耐磨钢成分基础上引入石墨,通过熔炼法制备出新型高耐磨Fe-Mn-C-Si固体自润滑合金.研究了Si含量对凝固组织的影响;通过金相显微镜、SEM、XRD、EDS、以及干摩擦磨损试验主要分析了合金的组织形态、物相、干摩擦磨损特性.结果表明,合金由奥氏体、Fe2.7Mn0.3C及带分枝的片状石墨组成.随Si含量的增加,Fe2.7Mn0.3C不断减少并细化,而石墨不断增加.当Si含量达4%时,合金具有明显的石墨化效果.与QT500-7球墨铸铁相比,合金的摩擦系数μ和磨损率W均大大降低,当成分为79.5%Fe、13%Mn、3.5%C、4%Si时,合金的摩擦系数μ为球墨铸铁的1/2以下,而磨损率W仅约为球墨铸铁的1/19.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-