厦门鹭类集群营巢地分布及其生境特性的研究

2003年厦门境内分布有10个鹭类集群营巢地,营巢地鹭类平均数量1 918±567只.其中,白鹭、夜鹭、池鹭和牛背鹭繁殖群的平均数量分别为1 721±518,99±25,87±31和11±9.9只.营巢地的鹭类营巢密度平均为0.98±0.14(巢/m2).鹭类营巢地形成的最早时间为2月,最迟为5月.厦门的鹭类营巢地数量存在着变化,近5年共丧失6个鹭类营巢地,其中,营巢地林区发生火灾和工程建设土地需要各占50%的诱因.关键因子分析结果表明,营巢地受保护程度、营巢地植被、人为干扰程度以及营巢地与湿地的距离是影响鹭类集群营巢地分布的主要环境因素.因此,在鹭类营巢地管理工作中,应当重点保护营巢地的上述环境特征,同时重视防火工作.     

上海青浦地区3种鹭科鸟类活动性和栖息地利用的卫星追踪

为了解上海青浦地区混群繁殖鹭类的活动规律以及夜宿地和觅食地利用的种间差异,本研究选择青浦地区3种鹭类优势种——池鹭(Ardeola bacchus)、白鹭(Egretta garzetta)和夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)作为研究对象,于2018年6月和7月在青浦郊野公园捕捉鹭类并佩戴GPS-GSM追踪设备,截至2019年7月底,共获得了5只追踪时间在86～377天之间的活动信息(1只池鹭、2只白鹭和2只夜鹭).结果显示:这5只鹭鸟没有表现出明显的长距离迁徙,仅扩散到离巢区不远的范围,最远达淀山湖以南的沪浙交界处,活动范围的面积存在较大的种内和种间差异.池鹭与白鹭的活动节律相近,均为白天活动、夜晚休息,但栖息地利用具有明显差异,池鹭夜晚和白天的主要栖息地分别是林地和莲池水塘,白鹭夜晚和白天的主要栖息地分别是林地和农田.夜鹭多在夜间活动,但两只夜鹭个体在夜间的栖息地也存在很大不同.连续追踪一整年的白鹭个体的每日移动距离在冬季明显增加,这可能与冬季食物资源较少有关.本研究表明鹭类主要利用农田和莲池水塘等人工栖息地,适宜强度的农业活动可能并不影响鹭类的种群维持.     

厦门白鹭自然保护区鹭类繁殖的空间分布

采用样方法,根据生态学原理,分析厦门白鹭自然保护区大屿岛鹭类繁殖的空间分布规律,结果表明：鹭类在大屿岛繁殖时,具有明显的水平分布特征,夜鹭（Nycticorax nycticorax）主要分布于核心中部偏南的中央大片区域,白鹭（Egretta garzetta）各处理能分布、池鹭（Aroleola bacchus）仅分布于核心区的南北;牛背鹭（Bubulcus ibis）和黄嘴白鹭（Egretta eulophotes）只分布在核心中区部偏最高,白鹭、牛背鹭和黄嘴白鹭的巢居中,而且三者巢位相近;在白鹭和池鹭营巢在同一树上的情况下,池鹭的巢处于上层,对鹭类群体繁殖时间的空间分布现象的产生原因也进行了探讨。     

重庆石板垭村鹭类种群结构及栖息地初步调查

采用了一种新的数量估测方法,对重庆市巴南区安澜镇石板垭村自然栖息地的鹭类进行了初步调查,结果表明:栖息地内共有各种鹭鸟24 621只.其中白鹭约占71.5%,夜鹭约占13.1%,池鹭和牛背鹭各约占4.4%,黄斑苇鸦约占6.6%.鹭鸟的平均栖息密度约为2.5只/m2.对调查结果的分析表明,鹭鸟群落内适当的种群比例,以及该环境所具有的繁茂的植被、清洁的水源、相对低的平均背景噪声等,是该自然栖息地形成的重要条件.     

重庆石板垭村鹭类种群结构及栖息地初步调查

采用了一种新的数量估测方法，对重庆市巴南区安澜镇石板垭村自然栖息地的鹭类进行了初步调查，结果表明：栖息地内共有各种鹭鸟24621只。其中白鹭约占71.5%，夜鹭约占13.1%，池鹭和牛背鹭各约占4.4%，黄斑苇鸦约占6.6%。鹭鸟的平均栖息密度约为2.5只／m^2。对调查结果的分析表明，鹭鸟群落内适当的种群比例，以及该环境所具有的繁茂的植被、清洁的水源、相对低的平均背景噪声等，是该自然栖息地形成的重要条件。     

鹭类招引及营巢地的恢复

本研究根据鹭类的集群繁殖行为习性,利用养殖鹭类招引野生鹭类重新集群于已经废弃的营巢地.2003年5月29日～2004年3月8日在厦门白鹭自然保护区大屿岛养殖80只白鹭(自15日龄开始),300日龄存活率为91.25%,白鹭成鸟体重为491.3～504.5 g,体长为57.05～58.18 cm.2004年招引到大屿岛繁殖的鹭类亲鸟种群数量为6 300只,主要由白鹭(占79.36%)、夜鹭(14.29%)、池鹭(4.76%)和牛背鹭(1.59%)组成.结果说明,在废弃营巢地植被等环境条件没有被破坏而且在避免其受人为干扰的情况下,利用养殖鹭类能够招引外来的野生鹭类重新回到已经废弃的营巢地进行集群繁殖.本实验也获得基本的鹭类养殖技术、鹭类摄食量及生长发育等数据,可为今后珍稀濒危鹭类的异地养殖保护奠定工作基础.     

山东曲阜鹭的生态学研究

１９９７－１９９８年的３￣８月,对山东曲阜的鹭科鸟类的生态进行了初步研究。研究结果表明：该区的鹭类有夜鹭（Ｎｙｘｔｉｃｏｒａｘ ｎｙｃｔｉｃｏｒａｘ）,白鹭（Ｅｇｒｅｔｔａ ｇａｒｚｅｔｔａ）和池鹭（Ａｒｄｅｏｌａｂａｃｈｕｓ）三种,夜鹭,白鹭,池鹭分别于三月下旬、四月上旬和四月下旬陆续迁至,于八月底全部迁离。迁至的鹭类由９７年的８０４只增至９８年的１０９２只,数量增长较快。该区的鹭类集群繁殖,混     

鹭类招引及营巢地的恢复

本研究根据鹭类的集群繁殖行为习性．利用养殖鹭类招引野生鹭类重新集群于已经废弃的营巢地．2003年5月29日～2004年3月8日在厦门白鹭自然保护区大屿岛养殖80只白鹭(自15日龄开始)．300日龄存活率为91．25％．白鹭成鸟体重为491.3～504．5g．体长为57．05～58．18cm，2004年招引到大屿岛繁殖的鹭类亲鸟种群数量为6300只．主要由白鹭(占79．36％)、夜鹭(14.29％)、池鹭(4．76％)和牛背鹭(1．59％)组成，结果说明．在废弃营巢地植被等环境条件没有被破坏而且在避免其受人为干扰的情况下．利用养殖鹭类能够招引外来的野生鹭类重新回到已经废弃的营巢地进行集群繁殖．本实验也获得基本的鹭类养殖技术、鹭类摄食量及生长发育等数据，可为今后珍稀濒危鹭类的异地养殖保护奠定工作基础．     

宁夏苍鹭和夜鹭的数量及生态研究

作者于１９８５～１９９０年在宁夏银川、卫宁平原等地用５年时间对苍鹭、夜鹭的数量和生态进行了调查研究。结果表明：苍鹭和夜鹭在宁夏为夏侯鸟，由于繁殖地减少、过度猎捕、环境污染而数量锐减，成为稀有鸟．苍鹭三月下旬开始营巢，产卵３～５枚，孵化期约２６天，育雏期６５天。夜鹭四月上旬开始营巢，产卵４～６枚，孵化期约２７天，育雏期６０天，苍鹭和夜鹭混合营巢，营巢、孵化、育雏均由双鸟共同承担．     

苍鹭的繁殖生物学观察研究

1988年3—8月在陕西省勉县铜钱坝乡陈家湾村对苍鹭的繁殖生态进行了观察。结果表明;苍鹭营巢期3～7天,交尾后5～7天产第一枚卵,窝卵数4.27±1.44(n=15)枚,孵化期25～27天,卵的重量损失率为16.6±4.4%(n=23)。雏留巢期约40天,育雏期60天。营巢、孵化、育雏均由双亲共同承担。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.