敷设空腔覆盖层的水下弹性球壳散射特性

研究敷设空腔覆盖层的水下弹性球壳声散射特性对探测和识别水下目标具有重要意义。利用 COMSOL有限元软件对水下弹性球进行仿真,获得目标强度的数值解,通过与理论解对比验证了该方法可用于计算水下球形结构的声散射特性。通过对弹性球壳敷设覆盖层前后的目标强度进行仿真,对比结果指出敷设空腔覆盖层能有效降低球壳的目标强度。进一步讨论覆盖层材料参数和空腔结构变化对弹性球壳声散射特性的影响,结果表明：空腔比、覆盖层厚度和损耗因子值越大,目标强度越小;与圆柱、圆台空腔相比,圆锥空腔的目标强度最低。     

水中弹性球瞬态声散射的时域数值解

选用目标表面势函数为变量,结合弹性边界条件,给出了水中弹性球瞬态声散射的时域积分方程法数值计算公式．研究了时域积分方程法在实际计算中随时间步进解呈发散趋势的问题,并采用时域低通滤波技术,基本克服了实际计算中解发散问题．计算了高斯形脉冲入射下弹性铝球的无量纲反向散射声压,并和由频域的Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ简正级数解与入射波的频谱的乘积作反变换得到的精确解做了比较,两者趋势基本一致     

异质体弹性动力学问题的积分方程法和散射场

本文用积分方程方法分析了无限大弹性体内含多个异质物时弹性动力学的散射问题,采用三维步函数导出了位移场的积分方程.为推广至内含有限多个异质物的情形,特别针对内含两个任意形状异质物的情况,给出了散射位移场、应力场以及散射微分横截面的一般公式.     

三维弹性波场的线性化逆散射问题

在弱散射假设下，建立了三维弹性多参数反演的理论方法，采用两束相互垂直的宽带平面波照射目标体，在包围目标体的封闭测量面上获取散射玻场，通过计算“平面波散射振幅”并选择适当的偏振方向将未知参数在富立叶变换域内解耦，所得结果类似于Ｘ射线ＣＴ成像，具有“滤波反投影“的形式。     

轴向环形界面裂纹的弹性波散射

自从１９７９年Ｎｅｅｒｈｏｆ首次研究了加层半空间中有限宽平面界面裂纹对Ｌｏｖｅ波的散射问题以来，界面裂纹的弹性波散射问题为众人所日益关注．近年来在这方面已有了一系列的研究工作．然而，其中大多数处理的是分层介质中的平面界面裂纹问题．本文考虑了轴向环形界面裂纹与弹性波的相互作用问题．利用Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ积分变换，将问题演化为一组对偶积分方程，并借助于雅可比多项式，给出了问题的级数解，最后得出了散射场在裂纹尖端附近的应力强度因子及远场位移模式的表达式，并对散射场的近场及远场特性进行了分析     

多层介质与半空间的硬币型(Penny-shaped)交界裂纹的弹性波散射

研究多层介质与半空间的硬币型交界裂纹的弹性波散射问题，采用Hankel积分变换，得到每层介质之间的传递矩阵关系，同时引进裂纹张开位移作为基本的未知量，进而得到两个对偶积分方程，应用Abel变换，可得到弹性波散射的积分方程，作为特例，文中给出了单一弹性层与半空间的硬币形交界裂纹的弹性波散射的一个重要的结果，即弹性层中的散射位移场的渐近形式，其理论结构表明，散射位移场主要由沿径向的rayleigh-lice-mode波导组成。     

弹性波散射问题优化PML方法的收敛性

基于频域复坐标拉伸,给出一种解时谐弹性波散射问题的单轴优化完美匹配层(PML)方法.该方法通过在吸收函数中引入一个小参数ε_0,使散射问题优化PML方法的计算不再依赖PML层的厚度.结果表明,当参数ε_0充分小时,优化的PML解指数收敛于原弹性波散射问题的解.     

普遍声逆散射微扰论与形式参数展开法

使用第一作者提出的形式参数展开法给出了在Ｂｏｒｎ 和Ｒｙｔｏｖ 变换下的有限形式声衍射层析成像理论算法．所给出的Ｂｏｒｎ 变换下的有限形式重建公式对散射体的要求比较松,适用于一类中强散射情况,而且计算量也不大．Ｒｙｔｏｖ 变换下的有限形式重建公式,因涉及广义散射,所以Ｓｏｍ ｍ ｅｒｆｅｌｄ 辐射条件不再成立,用它进行重建仍有很大困难．本文还给出了单频任意波阵面入射波情况下更普遍逆散射微扰论,包括Ｒｙｔｏｖ 变换下积分形式声逆散微扰理论．     

正弦型粗糙面上方平板的电磁波散射

建立了海洋粗糙面上目标电磁波散射的简化模型－正弦型剖面粗糙面上矩形平板的电磁波散射，将目标和粗糙面之间的相互作用表示为物理光学的双次反射，讨论了平板与正弦型粗糙面之间双次反射的散射机制；将有限平板的初级散射用三维场表示，提出了双次反射的计算精度。     

柱坐标系下PML—FDTD及总场—散射场区连接条件

在三维柱坐系下推导了完全匹配层(PML)吸收边界条件的时城有限差分(FDTD)表达式(PML—FDTD)，从而把FDTD方法推广到完全三维柱坐标系中。电磁波的远场可以视为平面波(TEM)，在目标电磁散射特性的研究中常常被作为激励源，给出了柱坐标系下完整的总场-散射场区的连接边界条件，从而模拟了平面波在自由空间的传播。最后，模拟了平西波和柱面波在自由空间中的传播过程，在产生了TEM波后，就可以方便地得到TE／TM波，从而满足对其它形式激励源的要求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.