溶胶凝胶法制备TiO_2纳米晶及其光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备含有未掺杂及掺杂Al、B的TiO2纳米晶光催化剂,考察了它们对甲基橙溶液的光降解作用.研究结果表明:焙烧温度从400-800℃的范围内,获得的TiO2晶型几乎都是锐钛矿单相.随着焙烧温度的升高,纳米晶粒的粒径逐渐增大,结晶度逐渐增大.同一种TiO2样品,焙烧的温度愈高(400～800℃),其光催化剂的活性愈好.同一温度下焙烧的掺杂Al、掺杂B、无掺杂的TiO2光催化剂颗粒的平均粒经依次增大,光催化活性的大小顺序则依次减小.     

微波辅助法制备纳米TiO_2及其光催化性能

在微波条件下采用Sol-Gel法制备了纳米TiO2光催化剂，通过XRD，TEM，BET，荧光吸收等考察了焙烧温度对TiO2结构的影响。以光催化降解苯酚反应为探针，考察了微波对于TiO2活性的影响。结果表明，微波用于凝胶合成能够显著提高TiO2的光催化活性，降低由锐钛矿型向金红石型的转化温度。这主要归因于微波加热可以提高反应物的分散度，在低温焙烧就可得到高结晶度的锐钛矿型TiO2，且晶粒均匀。     

纳米多晶TiO2的光催化性能

以纯锐钛矿型和纯金红石型TiO2为原料,通过超声分散制备复合晶态的TiO2,研究纳米TiO2的晶相组成对光催化性能的影响.通过X射线衍射分析表征晶相组成与晶粒尺寸;以甲苯为目标降解物,采用气相色谱检测复合晶态的TiO2对甲苯的降解效果.结果表明:锐钛矿型TiO2的光催化性能明显地优于金红石型TiO2,但由于协同作用,一定比例的金红石能提高纳米多晶TiO2的光催化性能;当晶相中锐钛矿型与金红石型TiO2的质量比为83∶17时,纳米多晶TiO2具有最佳光催化活性.     

复合SnO_2/TiO_2纳米颗粒的制备与性质研究

本文采用均匀沉淀法制备了复合SnO2/TiO2纳米颗粒,重点考察了水解温度、水解时间、焙烧温度等制备条件对复合纳米颗粒性质的影响;在优化条件下制得的复合SnO2/TiO2纳米颗粒,利用XRD等对其结构、粒子粒径、晶型等进行了表征;并以对-二甲苯为目标污染物考察了其光催化性能。实验结果表明,控制水解温度维持在80℃时,水解时间为4h,得到SnO2/TiO2纳米颗粒,并且复合SnO2/TiO2纳米颗粒随焙烧温度的增加,其粒子粒径长大,晶型由锐钛矿向金红石型转变;同时复合SnO2/TiO2纳米颗粒的光催化性能随着焙烧温度的升高而降低。     

复合SnO2/TiO2纳米颗粒的制备与性质研究

本文采用均匀沉淀法制备了复合SnO2／TiO2纳米颗粒,重点考察了水解温度、水解时间、焙烧温度等制备条件对复合纳米颗粒性质的影响;在优化条件下制得的复合SnO2／TiO2纳米颗粒,利用XRD等对其结构、粒子粒径、晶型等进行了表征;并以对-二甲苯为目标污染物考察了其光催化性能。实验结果表明,控制水解温度维持在80℃时,水解时间为4h,得到SnO2／TiO2纳米颗粒,并且复合SnO2／TiO2纳米颗粒随焙烧温度的增加,其粒子粒径长大,晶型由锐钛矿向金红石型转变;同时复合SnO2／TiO2纳米颗粒的光催化性能随着焙烧温度的升高而降低。     

混晶纳米TiO2光催化性能及混晶相间的机理研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备混晶纳米TiO2和珍珠岩负载纳米TiO2混晶催化剂,以XRD、SEM、UV-vis DRS和电化学方法对样品进行表征.结果表明,晶型调节剂的含量对混晶中金红石和锐钛矿相TiO2的比率有较大的影响;对于负载型纳米TiO2催化剂,混晶比影响催化剂的光催化降解效率.并讨论了混晶的光催化机理.     

介孔TiO_2的合成及光催化性能研究

采用P123为模板剂,TiCl4和钛酸异丙酯为混合钛源,合成了介孔TiO2材料,并用焙烧和乙醇回流的方法进行脱模.用BET、TEM、XRD、TG-DTA等手段对TiO2材料进行了表征,考察了它们对水溶性偶氮染料甲基橙的光催化降解性能.结果表明,高温焙烧脱模的样品能形成介孔结构,且380℃焙烧6 h的样品能晶化为锐钛矿相.而乙醇回流48 h脱模的样品,模板剂脱除不彻底,且没有锐钛矿相和介孔结构形成.在对甲基橙的光催化降解中,起关键作用的不是催化剂的孔结构特征,而是其晶态.具有锐钛矿相的介孔TiO2有很高的光催化活性,可与市售的P25光催化剂相媲美.     

TiO2-ZrO2复合催化剂上乙烯的光催化降解

采用溶胶 -凝胶技术制备了系列TiO2 -ZrO2 复合催化剂 ,运用X -射线粉末衍射和低温N2 吸附测定表征了其结构性质 .考察了制备方法、ZrO2 添加量及焙烧温度等对反应活性的影响 .结果表明 ,以锆的无机盐为前驱体采用混胶法制备的TiO2 -ZrO2 复合催化剂的光催化活性最佳 ,TiO2 催化剂中ZrO2 粒子的引入能增大光催化剂的比表面积、抑制TiO2 晶相转变和促使UiO2 晶粒细化 ,从而提高了催化剂光催化降解乙烯的活性和抗失活稳定性 ,但ZrO2 含量增加时其光催化反应的矿化率降低 .     

TiO_2/ITO负载型催化剂的制备与表征

采用溶胶凝胶法制备出ITO导电玻璃负载的TiO2薄膜光催化剂.利用XRD、Raman和SEM等手段对催化剂进行表征,结果表明:经500℃焙烧1h的TiO2/ITO薄膜光催化剂,以锐钛矿晶型存在;镀膜4次的TiO2薄膜表面均匀,对紫外光吸收强烈.乙酸的降解实验表明:TiO2/ITO薄膜与等负载量的TiO2粉末相比具有较高的光催化活性.     

掺镧纳米TiO2的制备及其对光催化性能的研究

采用特殊液相沉淀法制备了掺杂纳米TiO2粉体,用XRD和TEM对其进行表征.用它做催化剂在日光作用下对亚甲基蓝进行了光催化实验,研究了掺杂量、焙烧温度及焙烧时间对光催化性能的影响,结果表明,掺镧纳米TiO2比纯TiO2光催化效果好.在同等条件下,掺镧纳米TiO2对亚甲苯蓝的降解率最多要比纯TiO2提高30%左右.其中掺镧2%的纳米TiO2在焙烧温度600 ℃,焙烧时间30 min时,效果最佳.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.