果蝠与人类,能否和平共处?

众所周知,在哺乳动物中,有一个目被称作“翼手目”,是仅次于啮齿目的第二大类群,包括大约1000个物种,就是我们俗称的蝙蝠。翼手目包括小蝙蝠亚目和大蝙蝠亚目,小蝙蝠亚目的成员使用回声定位,主要捕食昆虫;大蝙蝠亚目只有一个科——狐蝠科,包括42属173种,都不使用回声定位,主要吃水果,故又被称作“果蝠”。狐蝠科的42个属中,包含物种最多的是狐蝠属,有59个种。果蝠广泛分布于东南亚和非洲的热带、亚热带地区。据记载,在我     

广西那坡县种子植物区系科属地理成分的分析

那坡县位于广西西南部 ,东经 10 5°31′～ 10 6°5′ ,北纬 2 2°5 5′～ 2 3°32′之间 ,处于滇、越、桂三地交接带 ,属古热带植物区北部湾地区的一部分 ,其地理位置特殊 ,植物种类极其丰富 ,有种子植物 174科 889属 2 2 0 1种。科、属的分布区类型分析表明 ,科的分布区类型以热带 -亚热带分布科所占比例最大 ,一些主产热带的科 ,如兰科、桑科、茜草科 ,荨麻科、番荔枝科等在本区系中有着丰富的属种 ;属的分析显示热带亚热带分布占70 9% ,其中又以热带亚洲分布最多 ,占 2 7 6 % ,其次是泛热带分布 18 8% ,热带分布远多于温带分布 (5 5 4∶2 15 ) ,显示出明显的热带北缘性质 ,具有热带向亚热带的过渡性。     

澜沧江中游云县景东地区哺乳动物的初步研究

澜沦江中游云县、景东地区,经考察共有哺乳动物58种,隶属8目26科50属,该地区哺乳动物区系组成特点是:东洋界种类占绝对优势,有42种,占种数的72.4％,占北界仅2种,占3.4％,广布于两界的14种,占24.1％;华南区的种类明显多于西南区的种类,有11种;食肉目及啮齿目动物种类多,共35种,占60.4％,其中食肉目19种,占32.8％,啮齿日16种,占27.6％;灵长目种类也较多,有黑长臂猿等6种;树栖种类繁多,有26种,近于总种数之半.该地区哺乳动物垂直分布较明显,可分为三个带:河谷低山带,海拔800～1500米,主要有棕果蝠、帚尾豪猪等兽类;中山带,海拔1500～2400米,常见有白尾鼹和猕猴等种类;高山带、海拔2400米以上,生活有黑长臂猿、水鹿等种类。对鼠类作了数量统计,发现黄胸鼠和小家鼠是该地区鼠类的优势种。兽类资源丰富,共有52种。     

濒危植物狭果秤锤树所在群落的区系特征

调查重新发现了濒危植物狭果秤锤树(Sinojackia rehderiana)在赣北的分布,采用植被调查样方法研究了狭果秤锤树所在群落维管植物的区系特征.结果表明,该区系组成复杂,物种密度相对较高.在1 600 m2样方中,有维管束植物57科74属79种,其中蕨类植物6科10属10种,双子叶植物43科53属58种,单子叶植物8科11属11种.物种密度约达5种.(100 m2)-1.分布区类型多样,热带区系成分占优势.科、属、种地理成分以热带分布成分为主,温带成分占有一定比例;反映了该群落的热带-亚热带区系性质.热带成分与温带成分在本区交汇,体现出中亚热带向北亚热带植物区系过渡的特征.该群落分布面积小且邻近村落,具有明显的生态脆弱性,禁伐是维持该森林群落稳定性的关键措施.     

早花金花茶地理分布及生态生物学特性研究

对一种最近在大新县发现的,目前已知最早开花的,暂定其中文名为早花金花茶的金花茶组植物,进行地理分布和生态生物学特性研究。结果发现,该种金花茶分布在广西西南部大新的榄圩乡和崇左市的左州、太平镇的20个村屯范围内,位于东经107°16′～107°22′,北纬22°30′～22°39′的岩溶区域,垂直分布海拔高220～450m,为岩溶山地季节性雨林灌木层组成种类,具有一定耐旱能力。现状群落为次生幼中龄林,区系组成是热带分布型科属占主导地位,与温带分布型科属分别呈9.0∶1.0和8.9∶1.1的组成格局;群落结构简单,乔木层和灌木层发育稍好,草本层发育很差。居群个体多以复茎形式存在,以萌生和实生苗更新方式实现其种群的延续。     

中国典型的亚热带常绿阔叶林(英文)

亚热带常绿阔叶林是指壳斗科、樟科、茶科、木兰科的常绿阔叶树种为主组成的森林.而中亚热带常绿阔叶林是我国亚热带地区最典型的地带性植被类型.由于我国所处的海陆位置和大气环流影响,以及青藏高原的存在,所以我国亚热带温暖湿润气候区域广阔,占全国总面积的四分之一以上.因此,亚热带常绿阔叶林分布的地位也就非常显著,从而成为世界上所罕见的植被类型.中国的常绿阔叶林种类组成中,以壳斗科的青冈属、栲属和石栎属为群落上层的优势种;但在生境比较偏湿地区,樟科中的润楠属、楠属的种类显著增多;而在生境比较偏干的地区,则茶科的木荷属常成为群落上层的共建种.整个区域,高等植物种类特别丰富,全国198个特有属中,本区就有148个属之多.举世闻名的子遗植物,如银杏、水杉、银杉、鹅掌楸、喜树等均分布于此地.群落外貌是群落最明显的特征,反映群落外貌最主要的标志是生活型和叶的性质.从生活型谱分析可知,中亚热带常绿阔叶林是介于热带雨林和温带落叶阔叶林之间的过渡类型,并接近于热带雨林.叶的性质也是如此.中亚热带常绿阔叶林的成层现象明显,上层是由壳斗科、茶科、樟科中的中高位芽植物层片组成,其发育状况反映了群落的成熟状态.层中有落叶阔叶中高位芽植物层片,但不占主要地位,存在于林窗之间,是季风特     

湖北省九宫山自然保护区蝶类调查初报

九宫山自然保护区位于湖北省东南部,地处幕阜山脉中段北坡,11430′～11443′E?2922′～2928′N.最低海拔200 m,最高海拔16567 m,面积72987 hm2,相对湿度80%～90%,年降雨量1800 mm以上,以季雨林成分和中亚热带原始常绿阔叶林为主.由于九宫山气候湿润,植物种类丰富,昆虫分布相当复杂,特别是蝶类资源极为丰富.1999年7月中旬,我们对湖北省九宫山自然保护区(通山县)的蝶类资源进行了初步的调查,采集的标本经鉴定共有40种[1],分别隶属于9科30属,其中有5种为湖北省分布新记录[2～5],它们是蒙链荫眼蝶?黄翅翠蛱蝶?银灰蝶?摩来彩灰蝶和浓紫彩灰…     

北碚地区的蝶类

近年来，作者对北碚地区的蝶类进行了调查，经初步鉴定北碚的蝶类有９２种，隶属１０科５３属。其中，凤蝶科４属１２种，粉蝶科５属１２种，斑蝶科１属１种，眼蝶科９属２０种，环蝶科２属２种，蛱蝶科１７属２８种，喙蝶科１属１种，蚬蝶科２属２种，灰蝶科６属８种，弄蝶科５属６种，并记述了种类的食性和分布。北碚的蝶类区系成份以东洋种为主，     

紫溪山风景区被子植物区系成分分析

据统计在紫溪山风景区自然分布(少数几种为栽培)的被子植物669种，隶属129科390属，对其区系成分进行了统计分析，结果表明被子植物科的分布类型主要是以热带—亚热带分布型(34科，占27．13％)和热带—温带分布型(30科，占23．26％)为主。属的分布类型主要以泛热带分布型(107属，占27．43％)和北温带分布型(75属，占19．23％)为主。紫溪山风景区被子植物区系的显著特征有以下特点：①丰富的植物种类；②复杂、起源广泛的区系成分；③突出的热带、亚热带成分。     

福建近岸海域夏季浮游动物的数量和分布

根据2012年福建近岸海域(23°32′～27°11′N,117°31′～120°34′E)夏季8月份航次的浮游动物调查资料,分析研究了调查区暖水季节的浮游动物种类组成、生态类群、数量分布和生态指数.调查结果表明,8月份福建近岸海域出现的浮游动物种类数为150种,种类组成上以桡足类占优势,其中又以普通波水蚤、锥形宽水蚤、亚强真哲水蚤、太平洋纺锤水蚤、强额孔雀哲水蚤等种类占明显优势;生态类型以近岸暖水类群和外海高盐类群为主;浮游动物密度平均值达到1016.72个/立方米,整个调查区呈现南高北低的趋势;总湿重生物量平均值达1160.17毫克/立方米,整个调查区生物量北部较多;生物多样性指数和均匀度指数平均值均较高,分别为3.55和0.75.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.