滴流床反应器催化湿式氧化处理苯酚研究

在自行研制的滴流床反应器中,以苯酚配水溶液作为模拟废水,采用负载型CuO/γ-Al2O3作为催化剂,在不同的空时(0~0.4 h)下,考察了反应温度(100~180℃)、氧分压(0.6~1.5 MPa)、进水pH值(5.9~9.0)、进水初始质量浓度(2~10 g.L-1)、氧气流量(5~15 L.h-1)对处理效果的影响.结果表明:反应温度对于苯酚催化湿式氧化反应影响最为显著,随着反应温度的增加,CODCr及挥发酚的去除率呈指数增大;随着氧分压的增大,CODCr及挥发酚的去除率增加,但影响明显弱于反应温度;进水pH值在偏酸性条件下,苯酚催化湿式氧化效果相对较好;较高的进水苯酚浓度对反应速率有一定的抑制作用;实验选定的氧气流量只对小空时反应(≤0.15 h)有微小影响.     

Cu-Mn-Zn复合物的制备及其处理含酚废水的研究

文章通过共沉淀法制备了Cu-Mn-Zn复合金属氧化物,并通过X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其进行了表征。以合成的Cu-Mn-Zn复合金属氧化物作为催化剂,采用湿式催化过氧化氢氧化法(CWPO)催化氧化模拟苯酚废水。进行了单因素条件实验和正交实验,结果表明当模拟苯酚废水初始质量浓度为1 000mg/L时,较适宜的催化氧化工艺条件为:催化剂投加量为0.5g/L、20%H2O2投加量为35mL/L、反应时间为2h、反应温度为50℃。此条件下的4次重复实验结果显示,废水中挥发酚的平均去除率高达98.48%,CODCr的平均去除率高达93.77%。     

Cu/人造沸石催化剂催化臭氧氧化煤化工废水的性能研究

采用浸渍法制备Cu/人造沸石催化剂并研究其在煤化工废水的催化臭氧氧化降解性能.研究煅烧温度和Cu(NO3)2浸渍浓度以及废水催化反应工况条件(pH、O3发生量、催化剂投加量)对废水处理效果的影响,并得出催化剂的最佳制备条件.通过投加叔丁醇研究催化臭氧氧化对煤化工废水的降解机制,并对最佳工况条件下处理的水样进行紫外光谱分...     

非均相UV/Fe-Cu-Y/H_2O_2体系处理含酚废水的试验

目的研究非均相UV/Fe-Cu-Y/H_2O_2体系对废水中酚的去除效果,确定该体系处理含酚废水的工艺条件.方法蒸馏水加入分析纯的苯酚晶体配制成水样,通过单因素试验分析各反应条件对废水中COD和苯酚去除率的影响,以确定最佳反应条件.结果非均相UV/Fe-Cu-Y/H_2O_2体系处理苯酚废水,H_2O_2(3%)的投加量为1.0 mL/L,催化剂的投加量为0.8g/L,调节pH值为5,最终苯酚的去除率为95%,COD的去除率为90.25%.结论非均相UV/Fe-Cu-Y/H_2O_2体系的氧化效果很大程度上受H_2O_2和催化剂投加量的影响,加入铜离子可以提高去除率.     

催化湿式氧化法对模拟印染废水的色度去除

为了研究催化湿式氧化(CWAO)技术对模拟印染废水色度去除的影响,以色度值为300 000的亚甲蓝水溶液作模拟印染废水,以m(Cu2+)/m(Fe2+)为1∶1的Cu1Fe1作均相催化剂,考察了催化剂用量、氧分压、反应温度、进水pH值及反应时间对水样脱色的影响.结果表明:水样脱色率随催化剂用量、氧分压、反应温度的提高以及反应时间的延长而提高;进水pH值存在极值点,水样脱色率在酸性条件下随进水pH值的降低而提高,而碱性条件下随进水pH值的升高而提高;在优化的工艺条件下,反应60 min时水样脱色率达到99.99%.     

催化氧化氨基C酸染料中间体废水的研究

研究了Cu/r-Al2O3单组分催化剂和Ni-Zn/r-Al2O3双组分催化剂两种催化氧化体系.通过对废水pH、反应时间、ClO2投加量、催化剂投加量、初始浓度等工艺条件的考察,确定Ni-Zn/r-Al2O3催化氧化处理氨基C酸染料中间体模拟废水的最佳工艺条件:初始pH,ClO2投加量10 mL,催化剂投加量3.0 g,反应20 min.在该条件下,COD和浓度去除率分别为65.2%和86.5%,为该工艺处理氨基C酸工业废水提供了实验依据.     

双氧水催化氧化酸性大红染料废水处理条件实验研究

本文以酸性大红3R模拟废水为处理对象,以双氧水为氧化剂,与制备的催化剂进行了湿式催化氧化技术处理条件实验研究,实验表明:最佳的处理条件为:废水PH值为6,催化剂的投加量为0.5g,氧化剂的投加量为1.5ml,随后将废水置于恒温水浴锅中70℃下反应45 min。在最佳处理条件下进行催化氧化实验,经处理,废水的脱色率达到了97.62%,COD去除率达到了85.22%。     

非均相UV/Fenton法降解活性艳红染料废水的试验

目的研究非均相UV/Fenton法对活性艳红X-3B染料废水的氧化降解效果,确定非均相UV/Fenton法处理染料废水的工艺条件.方法在自制光反应器中,采用非均相UV/Fenton氧化法对活性艳红X-3B模拟染料废水进行处理,通过试验研究分析H2O2投加量、催化剂投加量、p H值、反应时间等影响因素对非均相UV/Fenton氧化法降解活性艳红X-3B染料废水效果的影响.结果当H2O2投加量为理论投加量,催化剂投加量为1g/L,初始p H=4,常温下反应60 min时,活性艳红X-3B的脱色率和COD的去除率分别达到92.8%和72.3%.结论非均相UV/Fenton氧化法处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水的效果较好,其中H2O2投加量和催化剂投加量对处理效果影响较大.非均相UV/Fenton氧化法拓宽了p H值适用范围.     

包覆型绿色合成纳米铁异相Fenton法处理柴油废水

以海藻酸钙包覆的绿色合成纳米铁(CA-ELE-Fe NPs)作为异相Fenton氧化催化剂去除废水中的柴油,考察了CA-ELE-Fe NPs投加量、H_2O_2浓度、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度、溶液初始pH、柴油初始浓度、反应温度等对反应过程的影响.研究结果表明,当柴油废水质量浓度为0.050g·L~(-1),CA-ELE-Fe NPs(以Fe计)投加量为0.440 g·L~(-1),H_2O_2浓度为0.010 mol·L~(-1),SDS投加量为0.005 g·L~(-1),pH值为3.0,振荡速度为250 r·min~(-1),反应温度为30℃时,柴油的去除率可达到80.24%.     

TiO_2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的研究

以高压汞灯为光源,研究了TiO2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的动力学规律,并考察了苯酚初 始质量浓度、催化剂投加量、溶液pH值、光强等对苯酚光解速率的影响.研究结果表明:该反应过 程可以用Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)动力学方程描述;在一定条件下,催化剂的投加量、溶液 pH值均存在一最佳值;各因素对光催化降解苯酚反应影响的重要性排列顺序是,光照时间>pH 值>光照强度>TiO2投加量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-