干燥预处理对EVA可再分散乳胶粉性能的影响

通过试验用NaOH稀溶液、硅溶胶和聚乙烯醇(PVA)对乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)乳液进行干燥预处理,采用喷雾干燥法制备EVA可再分散乳胶粉,并讨论pH值、硅溶胶、PVA对EVA可再分散乳胶粉含水率、残渣率、再分散性及再分散液胶膜等性能的影响.试验结果表明,将EVA乳液pH值调节至9,用乳液质量25%的硅溶胶和5%的PVA对乳液进行干燥预处理,在雾化机旋转盘转速为21000r/min,进出口温度分别为170℃和90℃,进料速度为80g/min条件下进行喷雾干燥,制得的EVA可再分散乳胶粉含水率(ω=2.35%)和残渣率(ω=3.70%)低、再分散性及再分散液成膜良好.     

可再分散性乳胶粉性能影响因素探讨

采用单因素实验方法,研究了喷雾干燥时喷雾液的粘度、进料量、雾化轮转速、干燥器进出口温度等因素对可再分散性乳胶粉性能指标的影响。结果表明:喷雾液的粘度为0.30~0.15Pa.s,进料泵频率27~30 Hz,雾化轮转速(2~3)×104r/min,干燥塔进风温度150~200℃,出口温度90~100℃时,所得可再分散性乳胶粉外观均匀、固含量高、堆积密度大、平均粒径小、无结块现象,性能指标达到工业生产使用要求。该研究为可再分散性乳胶粉的生产及在建筑砂浆中的应用,提供了可靠的参考依据。     

羟基单体对丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液及其乳胶粉性能的影响

通过添加功能单体甲基丙烯酸－β－羟丙酯（HPMA）和甲基丙烯酸（MAA）制备软核硬壳的丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液及其可再分散乳胶粉。重点讨论羟基单体HPMA用量对软核硬壳丙烯酸酯乳液和乳胶粉再分散液的成膜性、再分散稳定性和耐水性等性能的影响。实验结果表明,HPMA添加量为1.2%左右时,在保证再分散稳定性的同时,制备得到的丙烯酸酯原乳液和可再分散乳胶粉的成膜性好,耐水性达到最优;吸光度测试显示HPMA添加量小于等于1.2%时,乳胶粉再分散稳定性好,分散度高达90%,吸光度平均变化小于10%;差示扫描量热（DSC）测试显示丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液胶膜有6 ℃和30 ℃两个玻璃化转变温度（Tg）,乳胶粒子具有软核硬壳结构;扫描光学显微镜（SEM）测试显示原乳液和乳胶粉再分散液成膜性能优异,合成的原乳液在成膜的过程中发生了微相分离,进一步说明合成的乳液具有软核硬壳结构;傅立叶转换红外线光谱（FTIR）显示丙烯酸酯聚合物乳胶粉与原乳液红外谱图基本吻合,说明在一定的干燥条件下,喷雾干燥前后乳胶粒的化学结构不发生明显的变化。     

HPMA对丙烯酸酯乳液及其可再分散乳胶粉性能的影响

通过添加甲基丙烯酸-β-羟丙酯(HPMA)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA),制备了软核硬壳的丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液及其可再分散乳胶粉,讨论了HPMA用量对乳液和乳胶粉的成膜性、再分散稳定性和耐水性等性能的影响.实验结果表明,HPMA添加量(质量分数,下同)为1.2%时,在保证再分散稳定性的同时得到的丙烯酸酯原乳液及可再分散乳胶粉的成膜性好,耐水性最优;吸光度测试显示HPMA添加量小于等于1.2%时,乳胶粉再分散稳定性好,分散度达90%,吸光度平均变化小于10%;差示扫描量热(DSC)测试显示丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液胶膜有6.98和30.11℃两个玻璃化转变温度,乳胶粒子具有两相结构;透射电镜测试表明合成的乳液粒子有核壳结构;扫描电镜测试显示原乳液和乳胶粉成膜性能优异,合成的原乳液在成膜过程中发生了微相分离,进一步说明了合成的乳液具有核壳结构.     

可再分散核壳结构乳胶粉的制备

采用种子乳液聚合法制备了核壳结构聚合物乳液,研究了乳化剂用量、核壳比例对乳胶粒形态及聚合物成膜性能的影响;将上述乳液经过喷雾干燥制得可再分散胶粉,对乳胶粉微观形貌进行了表征。实验结果发现,当乳化剂占单体质量分数大于0.5%,核/壳单体质量比在7:3以上,制得的乳液稳定性较好,TEM照片显示存在清晰的核壳结构,测得乳液成膜温度在30℃以下,制得可再分散胶粉直径小于40μm。     

硫铝酸盐水泥基修补砂浆的力学性能

采用可再分散乳胶粉改性硫铝酸盐水泥制备修补砂浆,分别测试其抗折强度、抗压强度、折压比和黏结强度,并结合电子扫描显微镜(SEM)分析水泥砂浆微观结构以及可再分散乳胶粉对硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆的影响机理,研究不同掺量的可再分散乳胶粉对硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:当可再分散乳胶粉质量分数掺量为3%时,水泥砂浆28 d抗折、抗压强度可分别达到8.1 MPa和45.5 MPa,14 d黏结强度可达4.78 MPa;掺入可再分散乳胶粉后,砂浆力学性能改性效果明显。随着可再分散乳胶粉掺量的增加,砂浆的抗折强度大幅度提高,抗压强度降低,折压比增大,黏结强度增大。     

轻质聚合物干粉抹面砂浆抗压强度与抗冻性

外墙抹面砂浆作为建筑物外表层常年受到冻害侵扰,为有效缓解冻害破坏及厘清劣化机理。以空心漂珠作细集料,掺入聚合物干粉与重钙制备不同水灰比的轻质抹面砂浆,通过正交试验,揭示水灰比、可再分散乳胶粉掺量及重钙掺量对抗压强度和抗冻性能的影响规律,并探讨砂浆性能变化的微观机理。结果表明：水灰比对抗压强度影响显著,可再分散乳胶粉掺量次之,重钙掺量影响最小。对于抗冻性能可再分散乳胶粉掺量影响显著,重钙掺量影响最小;在不同养护龄期下,水灰比对抗压强度影响较大,可再分散乳胶粉掺量对抗冻性能影响较大。若将水灰比控制在0.35附近,可再分散乳胶粉掺量与重钙掺量保持在3%以内,虽然抗压强度小幅降低,但抗冻性能优异。综合考虑抗压强度和抗冻性能的实际需求,外墙抹面砂浆的抗冻性能重要程度远大于抗压强度,基于此,可确定干粉抹灰的最优配比为水灰比0.37、可再分散乳胶粉掺量2.8%、重钙掺量3.9%。此外,也可结合实际工作环境与工程要求,设计不同配比的干粉抹灰。     

可再分散乳胶粉对粘结砂浆的影响

通过对不同掺量的可再分散乳胶粉对粘结砂浆拉伸粘结强度影响的试验,研究了可再分散乳胶粉对粘结砂浆拉伸粘结强的作用规律,进而确定可再分散乳胶粉在粘结砂浆中的合理掺量区间,为科学合理地使用可再分散乳胶粉提供依据.     

马来松香造纸施胶剂的性质和粉状施胶剂的研制

<正>膏状马来松香施胶剂物理化学性质测定表明:膏状胶的密度和表面张力随温度的变化不显著;粘度随温度的升高和含水量的增加而降低;比热随温度的增加而降低。在甩盘线速度85M/S,空气温度150～180℃的情况下,膏状胶喷雾干燥良好,粉粒度适当。粉胶与膏状胶抄纸的施胶度相同。     

VAE乳胶粉掺量对苯丙乳液水泥基路面填缝料拉伸性能的影响

采用控制变量法研究了VAE可再分散乳胶粉掺量对聚合物水泥填缝料(Polymer-Modified Cement Based Composed Joint Sealant,PCJS)拉伸性能的影响规律。将苯丙乳液水泥基路面填缝料中的部分填料替换为VAE乳胶粉制成新型的PCJS,测量了不同VAE乳胶粉掺量下PCJS的拉伸强度、拉伸断裂伸长率、拉伸峰值应变、拉伸模量,观察记录了拉伸破坏形态,分析了温差对PCJS早期拉伸强度性能的影响,研究了苯丙乳液(SAE)和VAE乳胶粉对PCJS的复合改性作用。试验结果表明:30℃温差处理对PCJS早期拉伸强度发展无显著影响。且在28d标准条件下养护完成后,随着VAE乳胶粉掺量增加,PCJS拉伸强度和拉伸模量显著上升,拉伸破坏形态由"内聚破坏"向"粘结破坏"转变,拉伸断裂伸长率和拉伸峰值应变随乳胶粉掺量增加呈先上升后下降趋势,当乳胶粉掺量为2%~3%时,PCJS拉伸变形性能最佳。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-