高值空间聚类的精确检测

提出了一个数据调整的方法来弥补通常空间聚类检测的不足，从而能够对高值聚类进行精确检测。利用Matlab软件将该方法在模拟的空间类型中应用于Moran’I检测。结果表明，当有高值聚类趋势时，经该方法调整数据后利用Moran’I可以显著地检测出高值聚类的存在。     

两阶段密度意识子空间聚类模型

针对网格聚类方法在高维子空间聚类中网格规模随着维度急剧升高的问题,以及差别阈值方法引入干扰小聚簇的问题,提出一种具有两个网格划分阶段的密度意识子空间聚类模型。该模型第一阶段采用粗网格找出可能存在聚类的子空间区域,第二阶段在这些区域中进行等效精度更高的网格划分并找出所有致密单元。该模型在两个阶段处理的网格规模均远低于密度意识子空间聚类模型在相同划分精度下的网格规模,同时利用第一阶段对网格空间的筛选作用降低小聚簇干扰,提高聚类质量。合成数据集实验表明:该模型聚类精准率和查全率性能明显优于原模型;基于真实数据集实验,相比一次划分模型,该模型以损失0.4%数据点的代价提高输出聚类密度19.4%,聚类质量大幅提升。     

基于MapReduce的并行子空间聚类算法

随着现有数据体量的迅速增长,超大规模中高维数据集的聚类问题变得越来越重要;而现有的子空间聚类算法大多是单机串行执行,处理此类问题效率极低。讨论了利用MapReduce对这类数据集进行并行聚类的方法,提出了基于MapReduce的抽样-忽略子空间聚类算法(sample-ignore subspace clustering using MapReduce,SISCMR)。该算法将串行聚类算法用作插件,具有很好的通用性。在人造和真实数据集上进行了大量实验,其中最大为0.2 TB的数据集在128个核心的集群中仅用不到10 min就完成了聚类,验证了该算法良好的聚类质量、近线性的可扩展性和高效的聚类性能,证明了基于MapReduce的并行聚类的可行性。     

基于属性最大间隔的子空间聚类

子空间聚类能有效的发现各簇与所属于的子空间的联系,同时减少高维数据中因为数据冗余和不相关属性对聚类过程产生的干扰.已有的子空间聚类方法强调各子空间中簇的发现,往往忽略子空间的划分.提出了基于属性最大间隔的子空间聚类,该方法主要思想是对子空间的划分时信息的丢失达到最小,从而子空间聚类的结果的效果比较好.主要工作包括:第一,建立了子空间划分的目标函数,也就是使各划分的子空间相互依赖达到最小,第二,设计了基于属性最大间隔的子空间聚类算法Maximum Margin Subspace Clustering(MMSC)进行子空间聚类集成.最后,采用UCI和NIPS2013比赛等数据来做实验,结果表明,在大多数数据上MMSC算法比其他子空间算法能得到更好的聚类结果.     

一种处理空间实体约束的空间聚类算法

分析了现有处理空间实体约束的空间聚类算法,提出一种处理空间实体约束的空间聚类算法SPOC.该算法对具有空间实体约束的空间对象进行聚类时,利用空间关系中的方向关系来选取新的中心对象,同时利用回溯的、非几何的方法求解障碍空间中两个空间对象间的障碍距离,实验表明算法SPOC是一种有效的处理空间实体约束的空间聚类算法.     

一种基于核映射空间距离的入侵检测算法

通过研究基于距离的孤立点发现算法(Cell-Based),指出其存在的问题,提出了一种基于核映射空间距离的入侵检测算法.该算法通过检测孤立点的方法进行入侵检测,首先将样本通过核函数映射到高维特征空间,重新定义特征空间中的数据点之间的距离.然后经过初始聚类算法确定聚类数目和初始类中心,再通过迭代优化目标函数来实现数据点的再聚类,最终得到聚类中心,超出聚类中心点半径r外的点即为孤立点.试验结果表明,该算法能有效突出样本之间的差异,克服传统基于距离的孤立点发现算法易随参数变化而需调整单元结构的缺点,且具有更准确的检测率和较快的收敛速度.     

不完整数据的聚类研究

数据采集过程中存在大量缺失数据,即不完整数据.传统方法在聚类不完整数据时采用填充或丢弃缺失数据方式实现数据的聚类.依据不完整信息系统理论提出一种基于K-means的不完整数据聚类算法,算法首先将数据集划分成完整数据集和非完整数据集两部分,对完整数据集采用K-means算法进行聚类,然后将不完整数据依据设计的相似度度量方法划分到对应的簇中,实现数据集的聚类.实验结果表明,提出的方法能够高效、精确地实现不完整数据聚类.     

基于密度聚类的工业数据去噪声预处理研究

针对工业数据去除噪声预处理问题,提出了基于密度聚类的数据筛选方法.该方法通过计算各样本数据间的空间距离而获得数据空间的分布密度情况,根据密度聚类法按密度分布聚类,聚类的中心点即为筛选获得的研究数据.实验表明,基于密度聚类的数据筛选法选取数据可以克服环境噪声干扰,筛选数据准确可靠,适用于工业数据的预处理.     

基于近邻子空间划分的高光谱影像波段选择方法

在降低高光谱遥感影像数据的冗余度方面,波段选择一直是一种有效的方法.近年来,提出了许多用于高光谱波段选择的聚类算法,但大多数算法只有在选择足够多的聚类中心时才能够表现出良好的性能.在选择少量波段时,往往效果很不理想,不能满足实际使用的目的.而且,随着聚类中心数量的增加,大多数波段选择算法的精度存在不同程度的下降趋势.针对当前基于聚类的波段选择方法存在对聚类中心数的强敏感性和选择的特征波段子集高相关性的问题,提出了一种基于近邻子空间划分的波段选择方法(SEASP).该方法主要包括近邻子空间划分和特征波段选取两个步骤.考虑到高光谱波段之间的有序性,SEASP首先计算出相邻波段之间的相关系数,得到相关系数向量.若两个波段之间的相关性在某个区间内最小,即相关系数的变化率在该区间内最大,说明这两个波段在很大概率上不属于同一组,为两个相邻分组之间的分割点.因此,在相关系数向量的基础上,计算出其对应的若干个极小值,通过极小值的选取来确定最终划分的子空间.最后以信息熵为度量标准从划分的子空间中选出特征波段子集.在3个公开数据集的实验结果表明,提出的SEASP算法与其他算法相比,不仅原理简单,而且在精度...     

一种改进的k-means聚类算法在入侵检测中的应用

讨论了经典的k-平均聚类算法,说明了它存在不能很好地处理符号数据和对噪声与孤立点数据敏感等不足,提出了一种改进的k-平均聚类算法,克服了k-平均聚类算法的缺点,并从理论上分析了该算法的复杂度。实验证明,用该方法实现的数据聚类与传统的基于平均值的方法相比较,能有效提高数据聚类效果以及入侵检测的准确度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.