超顺磁性Fe3O4@SiO2空心亚微球的制备及其在质粒DNA分离纯化中的应用

采用溶剂热法合成超顺磁性空心亚微球,然后通过正硅酸乙酯水解-聚合反应,在亚微球表面包覆SiO₂,形成核壳结构Fe₃O₄@SiO₂空心亚微球。以该Fe₃O₄@SiO₂亚微球为分离介质,实现了大肠杆菌（E. coli）质粒DNA的高效、快速分离。     

二氧化硅@裸银纳米颗粒微球制备及其对大肠杆菌活性的影响

以SiO₂微球为载体, 利用其表面可自动吸附与还原银离子的能力, 制备新型二氧化硅@银纳米颗粒微球复合材料（SiO₂@Ag NPs）, 并用透射电镜、 Raman光谱、 X射线光电子能谱等对其进行表征, 测试其对大肠杆菌的抑菌性能. 结果表明: 当SiO₂@Ag NPs质量浓度为2.0 mg/mL时, 复合材料的抑菌率为99.8%； 当银纳米颗粒表面含有稳定剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮时, 其抑菌率降低. 表明稳定剂可保护银纳米颗粒的单分散性, 但不利于其抑菌性的发挥.     

二氧化硅@裸银纳米颗粒微球制备及其对大肠杆菌活性的影响

以SiO₂微球为载体, 利用其表面可自动吸附与还原银离子的能力, 制备新型二氧化硅@银纳米颗粒微球复合材料（SiO₂@Ag NPs）, 并用透射电镜、 Raman光谱、 X射线光电子能谱等对其进行表征, 测试其对大肠杆菌的抑菌性能. 结果表明: 当SiO₂@Ag NPs质量浓度为2.0 mg/mL时, 复合材料的抑菌率为99.8%; 当银纳米颗粒表面含有稳定剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮时, 其抑菌率降低. 表明稳定剂可保护银纳米颗粒的单分散性, 但不利于其抑菌性的发挥.     

CdTe@SiO2@GdF3荧光/磁共振成像双功能微球的制备和表征

利用改良的Stber法合成CdTe@SiO₂微球, 直接沉淀法制备CdTe@SiO₂@GdF₃核壳结构的荧光/磁共振成像双功能微球, 并 用透射电镜(TEM)、 能量散射X射线光谱(EDXA)、 磁共振成像(MRI)、 Fourier变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和荧光光谱等方法对其结构、 磁共振成像和发光性能进行表征. 实验结果表明: 合成的微球具有明显的球形核壳结构, 大量的GdF₃以小颗粒形态均匀分散于SiO₂表层, 颗粒尺寸为5~8 nm; 在CdTe@SiO₂@GdF₃微球表面可检测到Si,O和Gd元素, 即Gd已掺杂到CdTe@SiO₂材料中; 相对于CdTe量子点, CdTe@SiO₂@GdF₃微球荧光发射光谱发生红移, 但仍具有良好的荧光性能; CdTe@SiO₂@GdF₃微球的弛豫参数     

SiO2-TiO2复合膜在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

文章通过St?ber法合成粒径为300 nm的SiO₂纳米球，将该纳米球以乙醇为溶剂配置成一定浓度的悬浮液，通过旋涂法使其在染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells, DSSCs)的光阳极P25上形成一层薄膜，再将形成的P25-SiO₂复合膜放入TiO₂溶胶中浸泡一定时间，使得光阳极上的SiO₂纳米球被TiO₂纳米粒子包裹，形成SiO₂-TiO₂核壳结构薄膜。与没有散射层的DSSCs相比，以该核壳结构薄膜作为DSSCs的光散射层电池的光电转换效率提高了18%。     

纳米SiO2稳泡效应及其对泡沫混凝土性能的影响

泡沫的稳定性是影响泡沫混凝土性能的重要因素,文章利用硅烷偶联剂(烷氧基硅烷聚合物)对纳米SiO₂(简称NS)进行表面润湿性改性,研究改性纳米SiO₂稳泡剂对泡沫稳定性的影响,以及不同掺量改性纳米SiO₂稳泡剂对泡沫混凝土流动性、强度、干燥收缩的影响。研究结果表明：硅烷偶联剂能够有效地改变纳米SiO₂表面润湿性,只有适当润湿性和掺量的纳米SiO₂才能起到提高泡沫稳定性的作用;随着改性纳米SiO₂稳泡剂掺量的增加,泡沫混凝土的流动度会略有下降,抗压强度得到明显提升,而抗折强度受到的影响不大,干燥收缩率也受到一定程度的抑制。     

木材表面SiO2/环氧树脂/氟硅烷复合超疏水膜的构建

【目的】为获得具有良好机械耐磨性的超疏水木材,构建了木材表面SiO₂/环氧树脂/氟硅烷复合超疏水膜。【方法】采用两步法在木材表面构建有机/无机复合超疏水涂层,在木材基底预置透明环氧树脂底层以覆盖木材表面天然微沟槽结构,然后构建SiO₂/环氧树脂/氟硅烷(FAS)复合超疏水薄膜。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜以及傅里叶红外光谱仪对超疏水涂层的微观形貌和化学组成进行表征,并测试其疏水、疏油和机械耐磨性能。【结果】木材表面复合超疏水涂层具有精细的微/纳米二元粗糙结构,该结构协同低表面能物质FAS,使木材表面不仅具有良好的超疏水性能(水静态接触角为153°,滚动角低于4°),而且疏油(乙二醇接触角为146°,滚动角低于11°); 经砂纸多次磨擦后木材表面水接触角和滚动角基本不变,超疏水性能保持稳定,超疏水涂层的微纳米结构及疏水物质依然保留,表现出良好的机械耐磨性。【结论】有机/无机复合超疏水涂层体系中,环氧树脂由于黏结作用使得SiO₂纳米粒子与木材基底形成牢固的结合,从而赋予涂层良好的机械稳定性。     

聚苯乙烯磁性微球的制备与表征

以表面被油酸包覆的纳米级Fe₃O₄为磁性载体, 苯乙烯和丙烯酸为单体, 二乙烯基苯为交联剂, 用分散聚合的方法合成了粒径分布更均匀而且具有良好超顺磁性的聚苯乙烯磁性微球, 并对这种磁性微球进行形貌、 结构和超顺磁性的表征. 结果表明, 该方法制备的磁性微球粒径分布均匀、 表面光滑, 室温下, 其比饱和磁化强度达到11.61 Am2/kg.     

锐钛矿型TiO2/SiO2复合氧化物的制备

以硅灰石为硅源、 硫酸钛为钛源, 在未添加任何表面活性剂的制备条件下得到较高比表面积的多孔锐钛矿型TiO₂/SiO₂复合氧化物.反应过程中生成微溶于水的CaSO₄, 在复合物孔隙的形成中起重要作用. 利用XRD,TEM,N₂吸附和脱附对复合物的微观结构和化学组成进行了表征.     

利用聚苯乙烯纳米球刻蚀法制备周期有序δ-MnO2纳米阵列

利用聚苯乙烯(polystyrene, PS)纳米球刻蚀结合水热生长的方法，制备周期有序δ-MnO₂纳米阵列。利用磁控溅射MnO₂靶材获得种子层，将PS纳米球通过自组装方法在MnO₂种子层上形成单层密堆积结构来制备图案化模板，再通过反应离子刻蚀(reactive ion etching,RIE)减小PS纳米球的尺寸，并利用磁控溅射SiO₂靶材来覆盖PS纳米球间的间隙，去除衬底上的PS纳米球以得到周期有序的MnO₂种子位点，用于后续水热生长。通过选取不同尺寸的PS纳米球，制备周期分别为800和500 nm的有序纳米阵列，利用透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscopy, TEM)对其进行表征，并确认阵列中MnO₂材料为δ相。研究结果为寻找低成本制备半导体材料有序纳米阵列提供了方法。     

Influence of deposition time on the morphology and optical properties of SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-ZnO composite photonic crystals

SiO2 photonic crystal were successfully prepared by vertical deposition and then used as a template to fabricate SiO2-ZnO composite photonic crystals on ITO substrates by electrodeposition and subsequent calcination. A number of different deposition times were used. The morphologies of the silica opals and SiO2-ZnO composite photonic crystals were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that ZnO particles grew randomly on the surfaces of the silica spheres when the deposition time was short. As the deposition time was increased, the ZnO particles grew evenly on the surfaces of the silica spheres so that the interstitial space of the silica template was filled with ZnO particles. Reflectance spectra of the SiO2-ZnO composite crystals revealed that all of the fabricated photonic crystals exhibit a photonic band gap in the normal direction.     

LF精炼过程中SAE8620钢所含MgO复合夹杂物分析

采用非水溶液电解的方法,萃取分离出SAE8620齿轮钢中含MgO复合夹杂物,利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪对夹杂物的组成、类型和形貌特征进行分析。结果表明,SAE8620齿轮钢在LF精炼过程中,含MgO复合夹杂物中MgO、CaO含量逐渐增加,SiO2含量逐渐减少,Al2O3含量呈先上升后下降的趋势;夹杂物的形貌多不规则,呈块状且棱角分明;夹杂物类型主要为SiO2-Al2O3-MgO、SiO2-MgO、SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO等,此类夹杂物的尺寸较大、熔点较高,直接影响钢材的质量和使用性能。     

Preparation of InSb nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 thin films

InSb nanocrystals embedded in SiO₂ thin films were prepared by rf magnetron cosputtering technique. THe observation by transmission electron microscope showed that InSb nanocrystals dispersed uniformly in SiO₂ matrices. InSb nanocrystals with different sizes can be obtained by changing the annealing condition. The average size of InSb nanocrystals depended on annealing temperature and time, but not on the t_1/3 rules. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were also applied to the analyses of the composite thin films.     

Preparation and anti atomic oxygen erosion properties of OPPOSS/PI composites

Atomic oxygen (AO) found in low earth orbit can cause serious erosion to polyimide (PI) materials, which greatly limits their lifetime. 8-phenyl silsesquioxane (OPPOSS) was synthesized, and OPPOSS/PI composites were prepared by physical blending, followed by thermal imidization to enhance the AO erosion resistance of PI materials. The morphology, composition, and structure of the composites were analyzed before and after AO exposure in a ground simulated facility of atomic oxygen. After 16 h AO exposure, the OPPOSS/PI composite with 5wt% OPPOSS addition shows an erosion rate of about 1.4×10?24 cm3/atom with only 48% mass loss of that of PI without OPPOSS addition. The mixture of OPPOSS nano molecules is assembled into a kind of regular square structure and distributed evenly in OPPOSS/PI composites. Some SiO₂ particles are formed in the composites during AO exposure, which can act as “inert points” to reduce the AO erosion rate of OPPOSS/PI composites.     

Composite polymer electrolyte membranes supported by non-woven fabrics for lithium-ion polymer batteries

Since marketing in 1999, lithium-ion polymer batteryhas attracted great attention with its various merits such aslight weight, high energy density and good safety. Poly-mer electrolyte membrane, the key material for lith-ium-ion polymer battery, greatly influences the electro-chemical performances, and it is always among the fo-cuses of the lithium-ion polymer battery research field toprepare polymer gel electrolyte membranes of high ionicconductivity and good electrochemical stability[1]. …     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of Cu-doped TiO2/SiO2

Cu²⁺-doped nanostructured TiO₂-coated SiO₂ (TiO₂/SiO₂) particles were prepared by the layer-by-layer assembly technique and their photocatalytic property was studied. TiO₂ colloids were synthesized by the sol-gel method using TiOSO₄ as a precursor. The experimental results showed that TiO₂ nanopowders on the surface of SiO₂ particles were well distributed and compact. The amount of TiO₂ increased with the increase in coating layers. The shell structure appeared to be composed of anatase titania nanocrystals at 550°C. The 2-layer coated TiO₂ particles on the surface showed a higher degradation rate compared with all the different-layer samples. The photocatalytic activity of Cu²⁺-doped TiO₂/SiO₂ was higher than that of undoped TiO₂/SiO₂. The optimum dopant content was about 0.10wt%.     

Preparation and optical properties of composite thin films with embedded InP nanoparticles

InP nanoparticles embedded in SiO₂ thin films were prepared by radio-frequency magnetron co-sputtering. We analyzed the structure and growth behavior of the composite films under different preparation conditions. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that InP nanoparticles have a polycrystalline structure. The average size of InP nanoparticles is in the range of 3–10 nm. The broadening and red shift of the Raman peaks were observed, which can be interpreted by the phonon confinement model. Optical transmission spectra indicate that the optical absorption edges of the films can be modulated in the visible light range. The marked blue shift of the absorption edge with respect to that of bulk InP is explained by the quantum confinement effect. The theoretical values of the blue shift predicted by the effective mass approximation model are different from the experimental results for the InP-SiO₂ system. Analyses indicate that the exciton effective mass of the InP nanoparticles is not constant and is inverse relative to the particles radius, which may be the main reason that results in the discrepancy between the theoretical and the experimental result. We discussed the possible transition of the direct band gap to the indirect band gap for InP nanoparticles embedded in SiO₂ thin films.     

Synthesis of γ-Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Au magnetic composites for immobilization of bovine serum albumin

A method for the two-step synthesis of magnetic composites with a γ-Fe₂O₃ core, silica inner layer and numerous gold nanoparticles supported on the surface of the silica (γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂/Au) is described. First, thiol-functionalized γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ composites and gold colloids are prepared by modifying γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ composites with mercaptosilane and reduction of Au³⁺ to Au⁰ with citrate, respectively. Gold nanoparticles are then assembled on the surface of the thiol-functionalized γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ composites to form γFe₂O₃/SiO₂/Au composites. The structure of the composite particles is confirmed by transmission electronic microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Immobilization studies with bovine serum albumin (BSA) demonstrate that the γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂/Au composites can be used to immobilize BSA, making them useful for biomedical and biological applications.     

CoFe2O4/SiO2纳米复合材料的制备及其磁性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备（CoFe₂O₄）_x/（SiO₂）_1-x纳米复合材料. 利用X射线衍射（XRD）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）研究样品结构、 晶粒尺寸及磁性. 结果表明, 随SiO₂含量增加, 样品的晶粒尺寸减小, 比饱和磁化强度和矫顽力降低.      

TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂制备工艺参数优化及其表征

先以无机钛盐、硅酸盐为原料制取聚合硅酸硫酸钛,再通过液相水解法制得TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂,并用SEM、XRD、BET和甲基橙脱色率对复合光催化剂进行表征。结果表明,TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂制备优化工艺参数为:Ti(SO4)2作钛源、Ti/Si摩尔比为12∶1、水解反应pH值为6、煅烧温度为650℃,以此条件制备的复合光催化剂对甲基橙脱色率可达98.6%以上;TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂为一种分散均匀的纳米级球形颗粒,其成分为以锐钛矿为主的TiO2,SiO2的复合有效抑制了TiO2晶粒的生长,同时提高了TiO2的热稳定性。