RNAi技术的研究进展及其应用

RNA干扰（RNAi）是指双链RNA引起的mRNA水平互补序列基因表达的关闭,即序列特异性转录后基因沉默,是生物体进化过程中抵御外未基因和病毒感染的进化保守机制。本文对RNA干涉现象的发现,作用机制及各方面应用作了简单的论述。     

小分子RNA干扰技术的原理和应用前景

和传统基因抑制工具(如反义寡核苷酸和核酶技术等)比较,RNA干扰是源自细胞的内在的基因沉默机制,抑制基因表达具有广泛、高效和特异等优点.简要阐述了RNA干扰在基因功能分析中的作用和在疾病治疗中的应用前景.     

秀丽线虫细胞核内小干扰RNA调控基因表达的机制研究

生物体内存在大量的不编码蛋白质序列的非编码RNA(noncoding RNA,ncRNA),这些非编码RNA广泛参与生命活动的各个过程,包括基因表达调控、基因组稳定性维持、抵抗外源核酸侵染、发育的时序调节以及肿瘤发生等.越来越多的证据表明一系列重大疾病的发生、发展与这些非编码RNA的产生和调控失衡相关.小调节性RNA正在成为潜在的疾病标志物、药物靶点和生物分子药物.我们的研究主要集中在高等多细胞生物中细胞核里小干扰RNA调控基因表达的分子机制和生物学功能.我们在模式生物秀丽线虫中通过遗传筛选的方法发现了一条小干扰RNA在细胞核内调控基因表达的通路,以及参与这条通路的几个关键的细胞核RNA干扰缺陷型基因(nuclear RNAi defective,Nrde).这一发现不仅解决了高等多细胞生物中细胞核内是否存在小RNA干扰现象的争论,而且发现小RNA可能通过主动转运的方式进入细胞核并调控RNA聚合酶Ⅱ(RNAPⅡ)介导的转录延伸.这一通路还可能参与了生物体的获得性遗传过程.本文重点阐述这一小干扰RNA调控基因表达的分子机制,并提出未来亟待解决的科学问题和发展方向.     

猪Zfx基因RNAi片段的筛选

为了研究Zfx基因在精子发生过程中的作用,本实验利用RNA干扰技术针对猪Zfx基因m RNA的不同靶位设计构建了4个不同的sh RNA干扰载体:3个RNAi-Ready-p SIREN-Retro Q-Zs Green(p SIREN)质粒重组载体(a、b、c),1个p LL3.7慢病毒骨架质粒重组载体(p LL3.7-sh RNA)。通过对仔猪睾丸体外培养生精细胞中的Zfx基因进行人为干扰后,提取总m RNA,利用q RT-PCR对Zfx基因m RNA表达进行丰度测定。结果表明:p SIREN质粒重组载体干扰组对Zfx基因没有明显地作用,慢病毒骨架质粒重组载体干扰组对Zfx基因表达抑制效果显著,抑制率为51%(P﹤0.05)。结论:筛选获得了慢病毒骨架质粒重组干扰载体,其对仔猪睾丸体外培养生精细胞中的Zfx基因表达具有显著地干扰作用。     

RNAi在胃癌研究中应用的进展

胃癌是严重危害人类健康的恶性肿瘤，其发病率在恶性肿瘤中占第四位，死亡率居第二位，且胃癌发病率在世界不同国家和地区有较大的差异，表现出明显的地域性。RNA干扰技术（RNA interference，RNAi）在哺乳动物细胞中是利用小干扰RNA（small interference RNA，siRNA）诱导特异性基因表达抑制，具有基因抑制效果确切、抑制具有严格的序列特异性、作用迅速等特点，已被广泛用于胃癌相关基因功能、胃癌化疗的多药耐药、胃癌的治疗方面的研究和探索。随着对RNAi机制的深入研究，相信不久的将来RNAi技术能在肿瘤的基因治疗方面发挥越来越重要的作用。     

RNA对基因表达调控作用的研究进展

RNA可以单独或者通过与其它蛋白因子的相互作用参与基因表达的调控。在转录前水平,RNA分子可以通过介导DNA的甲基化或异染色质的形成来调控基因表达;在转录水平,RNA分子通过直接与转录因子或RNA聚合酶相互作用来调控基因表达;在转录后水平,RNA利用由siRNA和microRNA介导的RNA干扰机制,通过降解目标mRNA或阻碍目标基因的翻译来沉默基因的表达。此外,mRNA还可以通过感知环境中代谢物的浓度,通过形成核糖开关（riboswitch）来调控基因的表达;反义RNA可以从复制、转录和翻译3个水平上调控基因的表达。     

RNA干扰及其应用

RNA干扰现象是指外源双链RNA进入细胞后引起与其同源的mRNA特异性降解，从而导致该基因表达的沉默。它是真核生物在长期的进化中形成的一种保守的防御机制，它的出现为生物学家提供了一种快速、简便的反向遗传学技术。RNA干扰已成为一种进行基因功能分析的强有力的工具，并有望在对病毒的防御及基因治疗中发挥重要的作用。     

RNA干涉与基因沉默研究进展

生物体内导入双链RNA(dsRNA)后会引起体内同源基因特异的沉默，这种现象称为RNA干涉(RNAi)．基因沉默是生物体基因表达调控的一种重要机制，具有重要生物学功能．就RNA干涉与基因沉默的研究历史、作用机制和应用作了综述．     

RNA干扰技术的研究进展

RNA干扰是指由外源双链RNA与其细胞内同源mRNA特异结合引起基因沉默现象,广泛存在于动、植物等各种生物体内,是目前分子生物学领域研究的热点之一。我们简要综述了RNA干扰发生的机制、特点以及RNA干扰的应用等。     

RNAi技术及其在基因组学研究中的应用

RNA干扰（RNA interference，RNAi）是一种真核生物体内的基因调控机制．在介绍RNAi的作用机制及作用特点的基础上，综述了其在基因功能研究、基因组免疫系统、人类疾病的基因治疗及水产养殖病害的防治等基因组学研究领域的最新进展与应用．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.