钎焊磨粒测量系统中的显微图像快速融合

为了直观地表征钎焊砂轮表面磨粒的形貌,针对钎焊磨粒测量系统中显微镜头景深小,难于一次性清晰成像的问题,提出基于聚焦评价函数的磨粒显微图像快速融合方法.以聚焦评价函数的最大值为依据判别聚焦像素点,提取聚焦像素点颜色信息进行图像融合.针对特殊照明条件造成的融合误差进行误差补偿,对融合结果呈现的雾化现象,采用暗通道先验法进行去雾处理.实验结果表明:单颗磨粒137幅1 600 px×1 200 px显微图像融合过程用时5.10 s;文中方法可快速、直观地表征钎焊砂轮表面磨粒形貌.     

不同形状磨粒随机分布磨料表面的三维建模仿真

为了更准确地对不同形状磨粒的加工过程进行仿真,基于统计学的原理,利用打靶法模拟多颗不同形状(圆锥形、正四棱锥形、正三棱锥形以及半球形)的磨粒表面的随机分布,实现了通过设定不同的参数(粒度、出露高度、圆角半径、锥角),生成位置随机的三维磨料表面模型,并对结果做了相应的统计学验证,结果基本符合工程上的要求.模拟结果表明,磨粒尺寸的参数误差控制在1‰范围内,磨料地貌图中不存在磨粒重叠现象和空位现象,且磨粒分布相对较均匀.     

基于显微视觉的沥青路面微观纹理三维重构

针对沥青路面微观形貌常用检测方法的不足,融合显微视觉的局部放大特性和数字图像处理技术,提出了基于显微视觉的沥青路面微观纹理三维重构方法。根据激光三角测量原理建立显微视觉三维重构数学模型;利用立体显微镜采集序列图像,对图像进行插值处理和阈值分割,并提取光条中心线;采用Delaunay三角剖分算法实现表面三维重构。与基于聚焦深度的沥青路面微观纹理三维重构方法进行试验对比分析,结果表明,本文方法对光照均匀性无特殊要求,具有精度高、操作简便、三维直观性强等特点。     

采用频域融合方法的砂轮刀具磨损三维重构技术

针对聚焦合成方法在砂轮刀具磨损区域三维重构过程中高度值离散的问题,运用傅里叶变换将聚焦合成方法与明暗形状恢复方法相结合,提出了聚焦合成方法的高度值连续化新方法。运用傅里叶变换,在频域中对聚焦合成方法形成的三维重构图像进行高通滤波,对明暗形状恢复方法形成的三维重构图像进行低通滤波,并将滤波后的图像在频域叠加,经过傅里叶反变换,得到空间域融合后的刀具磨损区域三维重构图像。分析和实验表明,融合后的三维重构图像同时保留了聚焦合成方法中蕴含的离散几何高度信息和明暗形状恢复方法中蕴含的表面细节特征信息,能有效避免由于聚焦合成方法中高度值离散带来的误差。     

零件加工误差与机床几何误差映射关系建模

针对机床几何误差与零件误差映射关系建模方法并未考虑刀具在加工过程中各个点位的位置偏差与姿态偏差的问题,以三轴机床为研究对象,首先利用多体系统运动学理论,建立机床刀尖点误差与刀轴矢量误差模型。然后利用单基站激光跟踪仪多次测量的方法,结合误差分离算法,辨识得到了机床的21项几何误差项,并对18项与位置有关的误差项进行拟合,构建了完整的典型三轴机床工作空间误差场。最后以凸台宽度、平面度、孔轴线位置度等典型特征,结合加工轨迹,建立起机床几何误差与尺寸误差、形状误差和位置误差的映射关系,并进行了相应的实验验证。实验结果表明:凸台宽度误差与机床刀尖点在该处的几何误差有关,11个点位的凸台宽度误差测量值与计算值相差在5μm以内;"之"字型铣削平面度误差分析要先进行刀具轨迹离散化,然后将刀具圆周离散化,计算刀具圆周含有误差的点,通过点位筛选原则,选择真正属于加工表面的点,对这些点利用最小二乘法计算平面度,平面度误差计算值与测量值相差2μm以内;孔轴线位置度误差分析要考虑钻孔过程中不同位置处刀尖点误差与刀轴姿态误差,以二者为基础构建孔轴线方程,通过代入检测平面的高度以获取相应高度处圆心偏差,孔轴线位置度误差计算值与测量值相差5μm以内。     

SLM显微立体视觉中的双重折射校正算法

为解决微流控芯片检测中由于盖片的双重折射效应导致的聚焦误差、色差和视场误差等问题,从折射基本定理出发,结合光学体视显微镜(SLM)的双光路结构,建立了SLM显微立体视觉双重折射变折射率校正算法,实现了对透明封闭容腔的非接触无损三维精确测量.在微沟道测量实验中,深度方向的测量误差由7.1 μm减小到1.5μm,相对误差由18.68%减小到3.95%.SLM显微立体视觉三维测量系统与表面轮廓仪、激光共焦扫描显微镜的横向对比测量实验,证明了SLM显微立体视觉双重折射变折射率校正的必要性和有效性.     

基于三维激光传感器的圆柱度测量新方法

介绍了由三维激光位移传感器、激光线光源、编码器式拉伸位移传感器以及步进电机搭建的三维激光扫描测量系统.该系统可以一次测得圆柱体的三维图形、某一位置的圆跳动以及圆柱度、轴线直线度等参数.阐述了该三维激光测量系统的结构组成和工作原理,给出了圆柱度误差的具体测量评定过程,并基于LabVIEW开发平台设计出了轴类零件表面形状误差测量软件.     

基于岩石铸体薄片图像的数字岩心三维重构

由于岩心三维重构的CT扫描方法成本高昂,提出一个基于光学显微镜下铸体薄片图像的数字岩心三维重构方法。研究对采集的铸体薄片图像进行图像处理获得重构的训练图像模板,再应用多点地质统计学进行图像模板特征提取与数字岩心三维重构。实验采用鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格地区的若干岩心样本进行效果测试,结果表现为三维重构后的数字岩心孔径尺寸分布与真实值趋势相同,孔隙度的相对误差均在8%以内。上述研究内容表明基于岩石铸体薄片图像进行数字岩心的三维重构是有效的。     

基于变尺度法的机床平面度误差轮廓重构算法

为了解决国内机床导轨安装表面平面度检测无法实现数字化描述这一问题,基于变尺度原理,提出了全新的机床导轨安装面平面度误差检测方法,通过将多段具有重合区域的短安装面拼接起来实现安装表面全长测量.同时设计出了检测仪,给出了测量原理,利用基准板、测量仪和机床导轨安装表面间的几何关系,建立了算法的理论模型,开发出机床导轨安装表面平面度误差轮廓重构算法,并对算法进行了仿真.结果表明,算法可以精确重构出机床导轨安装面平面度误差轮廓.     

基于图像语义分割的药用玻璃瓶外轮廓尺寸检测方法研究

为解决药用玻璃瓶外轮廓在线检测的两大难题,即瓶体透明度高造成光电传感器测量失真,以及高速生产节拍下测量精度稳定性差的问题,本文提出了一种基于图像语义分割的药用玻璃瓶外轮廓尺寸检测方法。首先通过结合PP-Lite Seg图像语义分割算法与Canny边缘检测算法,实现透明玻璃瓶轮廓边缘区域的精准分割,来精确采集玻璃瓶各截面轮廓点云;再利用ICP算法配准点云数据、Kd树算法计算瓶体尺寸超差区域,来实现高透药用玻璃瓶高精度在线测量。使用采集数据与标准瓶尺寸进行对比实验,实验结果表明重构轮廓尺寸误差在0.054mm以内、扫描速度在1s以内,能够满足当前生产节拍对检测精度和速度的要求,为高透玻璃瓶在线检测系统提供技术支撑。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to