基于差分自回归移动平均模型、长短期记忆网络模型及相关模型的无人机俯仰角预测

为了提高无人机俯仰角故障数据处理和预测的精确性和可靠性,避免增加无人机试飞成本,利用长短期记忆网络（Long Short Term Memory,LSTM）、注意力机制+LSTM模型和差分自回归移动平均模型（Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model,ARIMA）模型预测无人机试飞俯仰角故障数据。结果表明,ARIMA预测结果：MAE（Mean Absolute Error）=0.35,RMSE（Root Mean Square Error）=0.73,MAPE(Mean Absolute Percentage Error)=23.80%;LSTM模型预测结果：MAE=0.49,RMSE=0.74,MAPE=45.20%;注意力机制+LSTM模型预测结果：MAE=0.17,RMSE=0.53,MAPE=18.93%。可见注意力机制+LSTM模型比其余两种模型更适合于试飞俯仰角的数据预测,以上三种方法对无人机故障数据预测都具有实际意义,有效的预测可以推进自动飞行器和移动机器人的异常检测或外国直接投资研究的最新进展,以进一步提高自动和远程飞行操作的安全性。     

基于XGBoost-神经网络的建筑负荷预测模型构建

针对建筑负荷预测模型特征选择工作量大、泛化能力提升难的问题,提出一种基于XGBoost-神经网络的建筑负荷特征筛选及预测方法,利用XGBoost算法训练滤波处理后的数据,基于平均绝对误差百分比MAPE确定最优特征子集,以改善模型精度和泛化能力;采用贝叶斯正则化算法训练前馈神经网络,以便能够在训练优化过程中降低网络结构复杂性,从而避免网络过拟合,进一步提升其泛化能力。针对某商业建筑的负荷预测实验结果表明,特征筛选后较筛选前模型MSE降低43.29%,有效提高了模型预测精度;分别以贝叶斯正则化和L-M算法对神经网络进行训练,前者5次试验RMSE和MAPE平均值较后者分别降低87.08%、85.33%,预测模型泛化能力得到有效提升。     

超短期风电功率预测的混合深度学习模型

针对风电功率预测(WPF)问题,提出一种基于离散小波变换(DWT)、时间卷积网络(TCN)和长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络的混合深度学习模型(DWT-TCN-LSTM),对超短期风电功率进行预测.将DWT-TCN-LSTM模型分别与差分整合移动平均自回归(ARIMA)模型,支持向量回归(SVR)模型,长短期记忆神经网络模型和卷积长短期记忆(TCN-LSTM)混合模型进行对比实验,通过对称平均绝对百分比误差(SMAPE),均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)3种评价指标值对各个模型进行评价.实验结果表明:DWT-TCN-LSTM模型具有较好的预测性能.     

毫米波雷达数据驱动的桥梁挠度预测

为监测公路桥梁健康状况从而保证车辆行驶桥面的安全性,基于毫米波雷达监测的桥梁挠度数据,结合深度学习理论,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络（convolutional neural network, CNN）与门控制循环单元（gate recurrent unit, GRU）组合的桥梁挠度预测模型。首先,获取高速公路大桥高精度挠度数据,通过数据预处理,在保留原始数据特征的基础上,修复部分噪声数据;其次,将处理后的样本数据、时间步长和特征数的三维数据,以桥梁挠度数据序列构造的输入矩阵作为输入层,经过CNN-GRU组合模型的密集连接层后,输出预测桥梁挠度值。最后,选取具有代表性的监测点数据,利用均方根误差 (root mean square error, RMSE)、平均绝对误差 (mean absolute error, MAE)、平均百分比误差 (mean absolute percentage error, MAPE)进行预测效果验证。结果表明,CNN-GRU模型的精度更高：较于传统LSTM（long short-term memory）模型在RMSE上提升了59.65%,MAE提升了61.30%;较于CNN-LSTM模型在RMSE上提升了2.48%,MAE提升了4.87%。其对于桥梁挠度极值及趋势的判断基本准确,可以作为桥梁健康状况预测的科学依据。     

基于LSTM神经网络深度序列机械钻速实时预测

机械钻速是钻井优化、缩短钻井周期的关键因素,传统的机械钻速预测大多是在钻井后进行钻井分析,预测效率和精度低、地层适用性不广。为了以更高效的方法预测得到高精度机械钻速,提出基于长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络的深度序列机械钻速预测方法。采集实时钻井数据集,使用皮尔逊相关系数衡量各特征之间的相关性,筛选出井深、伽玛射线、地层密度、孔隙压力、井径、钻时、排量、钻井液密度等8个参数。构建LSTM神经网络模型,训练LSTM模型并预测ROP,对预测结果进行分析,并用决定系数(R²)、均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)等指标对LSTM模型、BP模型和SVM模型性能进行对比分析。结果表明：LSTM模型其R²、RMSE和MAPE的值分别为0.948、1.151和17.075,相较于BP模型和SVM模型,其R²更大,RMSE和MAPE较小,说明LSTM模型预测性能更好。该方法有助于钻井工程师和决策者提前获得钻井信息,从而更好地规划钻井作业,缩短钻井周期,同时为钻井参数预测提供新的途径,能改善以往预测方法在处理复杂地层问题时...     

基于EMD-LSTM人工神经网络的云冈石窟环境参数预测

环境参数会直接影响石窟的风化过程,因此,预测环境参数是进行云冈石窟有效保护的重要内容.以云冈石窟第十窟为例,将壁温、环境湿度、环境温度的实测时序数据作为环境参数,使用经验模态分解(empirical model decomposition, EMD)对实测时序数据进行分解,研究了固有模态函数(intrinsic mode function, IMF)分量与实测时序数据的相关性,建立了基于EMD-长短期记忆(long short-term memory, LSTM)的人工神经网络(artificial neural network, ANN)组合模型.使用平均绝对误差(mean absolute error, MAE)、均方根误差(root mean square error, RMSE)、平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)、决定系数(R²)作为评价指标,对比分析了使用组合模型与使用单一LSTM的ANN模型进行环境参数预测的效果.结果表明:IMF分量的变化速率越大,与实测时序数据的相关性就越强;对于组合模型中...     

基于LSTM与XGBoost组合模型电价预测

为准确预测电力市场中的短期电价,提出了基于LSTM和XGBoost的组合预测模型。为了验证LSTM-XGBoost模型的有效性,该文先选用法国电力市场2019年1月1日至2020年12月31日的电价数据为训练集训练模型,对2021年1月1日不同模型预测的结果与实际电价值进行对比,得到LSTM-XGBoost以RMSE为0.74的误差率低于BP、LSTM、XGBoost的3.80、1.25、0.88,然后将算法应用到美国PJM电力市场,结果表明本文提出的LSTM-XGBoost组合预测模型MAPE平均值为1.83%,明显低于单一预测模型,也显著低于GRU-XGBoost组合模型,表明并非所有模型单一组合都能有效提高预测精度,该文提出的LSTM-XGBoost组合模型有效提升了短期电价的预测精度,且具有很强的普适性,可应用于电力市场短期电价预测,为市场参与者和监管机构提供有力决策依据。     

利用ARIMA-SSA-LSTM组合模型的碳排放交易价格预测

单一的预测方法在不同方面各有优劣,为了提高碳排放交易价格预测的精确度,从智能算法出发提出ARIMA-SSA-LSTM组合碳排放交易价格预测模型。该模型通过结合非线性规划局部搜索的优势和遗传算法全局搜索的优势使用非线性规划遗传算法分配差分整合移动平均自回归(ARIMA)模型和麻雀搜索算法优化后的长短时记忆(LSTM)模型(SSA-LSTM)的权重,通过加权得到最终的碳排放交易价格预测结果。运用ARIMA-SSA-LSTM组合模型,ARIMA模型,LSTM模型和SSA-LSTM模型分别对湖北省与广东省碳排放交易价格进行短期和长期预测。实证结果表明,相比单一的ARIMA模型、LSTM模型、SSA-LSTM模型,ARIMA-SSA-LSTM组合模型三个预测精度评价指标均为最小,碳排放交易价格预测精度最优。相比于传统ARIMA模型,机器学习LSTM模型具有更精确的预测结果,并且趋势预测更优。引入智能算法后,权重分配结果更加准确,LSTM模型的预测性能得到提升,印证了智能算法在碳排放交易价格预测领域的有效性。     

沥青生产过程中软化点的SVR预测

根据30组不同电阻和温度下的沥青软化点的实测数据集,应用基于粒子群算法(PSO)寻优的支持向量回归(SVR)方法,并结合留一交叉验证(LOOCV)法对沥青软化点进行了建模和预测研究,将其预测结果与多元线性回归(MLR)模型的计算结果进行了比较。SVR-LOOCV预测的最大误差为2.1 ℃, 远比MLR模型计算的最大误差7.9 ℃要小得多。统计结果表明：基于SVR-LOOCV预测结果的均方根误差(RMSE=0.75 ℃)、平均绝对误差(MAE=0.32 ℃)和平均绝对百分误差(MAPE=0.28%)相应也比MLR回归模型的预测结果(RMSE=3.3 ℃,MAE=2.6 ℃和MAPE=2.34%)要小。因此,应用SVR实时预测沥青产品的软化点,可为生产优质沥青提供准确的科学指导。     

基于长短时记忆与多影响因子的滑坡位移动态预测

针对传统滑坡位移预测模型存在对历史数据遗忘的问题,提出了一种基于长短时记忆（LSTM）网络的滑坡位移动态预测模型。首先,将滑坡累计位移分解为趋势项位移与波动项位移,利用多项式拟合预测趋势项位移;然后,通过灰色关联度筛选外界诱发因子并运用LSTM模型预测波动项位移;最后,叠加周期项位移与波动项位移,得到累计位移。以新滩滑坡为例,并与RNN模型以及传统静态神经网络模型BP、ELM进行对比分析,采用平均百分比误差（MAPE）,均方根误差（RMSE）,拟合优度（R2）分别对其进行评价。应用结果表明：相比于传统静态模型,LSTM与RNN均适用于滑坡位移动态预测;对比结果显示,LSTM模型具有较好的预测精度,MAPE与RMSE值分别为1.026%、0.327 mm,拟合优度R2为0.978。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.