既有节段预制混凝土桥梁状态评估方法研究

基于国内外学者关于既有桥梁状态评估方法的研究,建立既有节段预制桥梁结构损伤状态评估指标体系.提出基于层次分析法的既有节段预制桥梁状态评估方法,并在该方法的基础上,引入权重赋分法考虑各影响因素的重要程度对既有节段梁各结构进行权重赋分,给出了相应的桥梁状态评估公式,制定了节段预制桥梁状态评估标准.最后,结合一个既有节段预制桥梁损伤状态评估实例来演示本文所提出方法进行节段梁状态评估的实现过程.     

微挠度桥梁及其试验研究

由于混凝土收缩、徐变和活载的作用,利用常规的方法很难满足机车对桥梁结构变形的要求,作者提出了一种新颖的结构体系———微挠度桥梁来实现这种要求。常规预应力体系用来消除恒载效应,新型的预应力体系用来消除活载效应及结构时变性效应,此种结构具有自适应性。其机理是通过感知元件监控结构的状态,诊断系统判断结构所处的状态,控制系统控制作动系统通过调整体外束的力调整结构的状态。为了验证微挠度桥梁实现的可能性,作者设计微挠度简支梁模型并实现了上述的控制思路。     

基于响应面法的桥梁抗洪裕度计算理论与应用

为评估既有桥梁水毁风险,以可靠性指标定量衡量桥梁抗洪裕度,建立一种基于响应面法与耦合数值模型的桥梁抗洪裕度计算方法.首先从水文要素源头出发,考虑洪水水流冲击和局部冲刷,提出建立桥梁结构-水流-河床泥沙耦合数值模型的实用算法获取结构响应.然后结合梁桥和拱桥的水毁模式分析,得出以具体结构响应为指标的洪水效应下桥梁极限状态功能函数表达式,并采用响应面法建立桥梁抗洪可靠性指标的计算流程.最后,以2019-06-14发生水毁的河源东江大桥为例,验证了所提出抗洪裕度评估方法的合理性与可行性.结果 表明,该方法可实现桥梁抗洪可靠性指标的定量计算,不仅可用于既有桥梁抗水评估,更为未来桥梁规范中洪水效应分项系数的更新修订提供了理论基础与技术支撑.     

某斜腿刚架拱桥静动载试验评估

针对斜腿刚架拱桥结构构造特点,对拱肋重要节点采用刚性连接方式建立了有限元模型,计算分析了设计活载及试验荷载作用下结构的静动载响应．同时,基于理论分析及现场静动载试验结果,分析和评估了该桥的承载能力及使用性能．有限元模型建立方法及静动载试验过程对该类桥梁性能评估具有工程借鉴意义．     

结构仿真在斜拉桥检测分析中的应用

建立了某座预应力混凝土斜拉桥的有限元仿真模型,并把基于仿真模型的理论分析结果和实际检测结果进行对比,相互验证,为准确做出桥梁结构状态评估提供参考依据。     

面向结构安全评估的大跨斜拉桥基准有限元模型

探讨了以结构安全评估为目标的大跨斜拉桥基准有限元模型建立与修正的策略与方法.采用基于灵敏度分析的模型参数修正方法建立并修正了润扬大桥斜拉桥的整体动力分析模型.在此基础上建立了扁平钢箱梁的局部应力分析模型,并采用子模型方法进行钢箱梁整体尺度与局部尺度之间的跨尺度衔接.分析结果表明,润扬大桥斜拉桥多尺度有限元模型的计算结果与实桥测试结果吻合良好,说明该多尺度模型能够较好地满足桥梁结构损伤诊断与状态评估的技术要求,可以作为该桥结构安全评估的基准有限元模型.     

基于静动力测试的多跨预应力连续梁桥承载力评估

建立了基于静动力测试的既有预应力混凝土梁桥的承载力评估方法.该方法主要包括实桥环境振动实验和汽车荷载静载试验、桥梁有限元建模、有限元模型参数修正、模拟汽车荷载的数值加载分析等步骤.利用该方法评估了107国道深圳松岗高架桥九跨预应力连续箱梁桥的承载力,结果表明:该桥边跨满足设计荷载的使用要求,但中跨的承载力严重不足,需要对桥梁结构进行加固.     

考虑正应力空间效应斜拉桥后期荷载状态评估

以宁波招宝山大桥为例,介绍了一种新的斜拉桥后期荷载受力状态评估方法.该方法考虑正应力空间效应,在将斜拉桥受力状态评估分为恒载受力状态评估和后期荷载受力状态评估的基础上,建立空间实体模型,得到测点响应理论包络,将其与测点实测响应进行比较来判断结构后期荷载作用下的状态.这种方法基于设计资料、施工资料,应用范围广,并能进行实时监控.     

混凝土斜拉桥结构健康状态评估模型

基于青岛丹山水库混凝土斜拉桥，建立了斜拉桥有限元数值分析模型，确定桥梁受损后各子结构权重，选择典型斜拉索，对桥梁结构健康状态进行分析。首先运用通用结构分析软件对实桥建模，得到桥梁数值模拟试验模型及试验数据；再用正交试验选择典型斜拉索，大大减少了对桥梁分析计算的工作量；将桥梁分为3个子结构，用层次分析法确定各子结构权重，并建立了混凝土斜拉桥结构健康状态评估模型。结果表明，该模型能有效地对桥梁进行损伤评估和状态评估。     

基于长期动力特性监测数据的大跨度桥梁安全性能评估

为了满足快速、准确地进行大跨度桥梁安全性能评估的需要,提出了一种利用健康监测系统的动力监测数据评价预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的长期安全性能的方法.介绍了一座大跨度连续刚构桥健康监测系统动力测试的基本情况,并比较了环境振动测试和健康监测系统动力测试的结果.利用连续刚构桥的自振频率温度修正模型,采用考虑温度效应的实测动力特性对连续刚构桥有限元模型进行修正,得到反映实际状态的基准有限元模型,通过汽车荷载试验的结果验证该计算结果的准确性.最后,根据基准有限元模型的计算结果与设计计算结果的比较评估桥梁当前的安全性能.结果表明:根据长期动力特性监测结果修正的基准有限元模型能够反应桥梁实际工作状态,评估结果具有很好的精度,可以有效地应用于大跨度桥梁长期安全性能评估.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.