基于斜坡单元的滑坡崩塌灾害易发性区划研究——以泸水县为例

基于栅格评价单元在滑坡崩塌地质灾害易发性评价中的弊端,采用斜坡评价单元对泸水县滑坡崩塌地质灾害的易发性进行评价.基于ARCGIS平台,建立了利用水文分析方法划分斜坡单元的方法体系.建立了信息量法-层次分析法的易发性评价模型,并对各评价因子的权重和信息量进行了计算提取.在此基础上,运用ARCGIS的空间分析功能,对泸水县滑坡崩塌地质灾害的易发性进行了区划,并对区划结果在宏观和微观上进行了验证.结果表明此种易发性划分方法准确、实用,对指导地质灾害的防治工作有重要意义.     

信息量支持下的随机森林模型的崩塌易发性评价

地质灾害易发性评价作为预测地质灾害发生概率的重要手段被中外学者广泛应用.以陕西省神木市为研究区,在分析了研究区地质环境、人类活动与崩塌形成条件的基础上选取了高程、坡度、坡向、降雨量、距水系距离、距道路距离、岩性、地貌、曲率、归一化植被指数(normalized vegetation index,NDVI)10个影响因子.采用皮尔森相关系数对各因子进行独立性检验.结果表明:各因子间相关系数较低,认为各因子独立;为确保所选非崩塌点为高概率的非崩塌点,利用从信息量模型(in-formation value model,IV)形成的较低及低易发区选取非崩塌点,结合随机森林模型(random forests,RF)进行研究区崩塌易发性分析,并将得到的易发性分析结果与随机选取非崩塌点的RF模型进行对比.最后利用受试者特征曲线(receiver operate curve,ROC)曲线进行两种模型的精度对比,得到RF的成功率和预测率分别为94.5％、89.9％,IV支持下的RF的成功率和预测率分别为96.9％、96.5％.综上IV支持下的RF模型比单一模型具有更好的预测精度.     

一种适用于牧区的新型太阳能系统

我国是世界上地质灾害最严重的国家之一,对人民群众的生命财产安全构成了极大的威胁.湖南省又是我国地质灾害较严重的省份之一,且水系发育,河湖地地质灾害较多.本文以澧县为例,介绍了河湖地区管涌、岸崩的发育特征、分布规律及形成因素等,并提出了相应的防治措施,最后对河湖地质灾害进行了易发性分区,取得了较好的实际效果.结果表明:文中提出的方法对河湖地区的地质灾害防治具有一定的实际指导意义.     

基于GIS的瓮安县地质灾害易发性和危险性分区评价

为了研究贵州省瓮安县各类地质灾害在空间上的发育分布规律,根据瓮安县地质环境和地质灾害野外调查资料,运用综合指数法,对区域内地质灾害易发性的影响因素进行量化。通过地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析软件,对其进行计算与叠加,并依据分区的标准,利用ArcGIS软件内置的自然间断点对地质灾害易发性指数图层进行插值处理,得到瓮安县地质灾害易发性分区图。将区域地质灾害的易发性和区域受威胁对象的易损性进行叠加计算,得到瓮安县地质灾害危险性分区图。根据分区结果可知:地质灾害高易发区占全县面积41.52%,地质灾害中易发区占全县面积38.62%,地质灾害低易发区占全县面积19.86%;地质灾害危险性划分为高危险区、中危险区和低危险区3个区,所占面积比例分别为41.00%、42.54%、16.46%。研究结果为该区地质灾害的预防和预警提供了依据,具有一定的工程实践意义。     

基于信息量-随机森林模型的地震带地质灾害易发性评价：以松潘-较场地震带为例

地震会引起地表振动及破坏,同时加大滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等次生灾害的发生概率,对位于地震带区域城市进行地质灾害易发性预测,是地质灾害防治的有效措施。为了探究地震带区域地质发育程度对地质灾害的影响,以松潘-较场典型地震带的平武县为例,从地形地貌特征、地层地质条件、气象水文、地震带发育特征、土壤植被、人类工程活动影响六个方面选取地质灾害的诱发因子,采用信息量模型、信息量-AHP和信息量-随机森林(RF)三种评价模型对平武县地质灾害进行易发性评价,结果表明信息量-RF模型的对比分析结果优于其他两种模型,ROC曲线精度评估信息量-RF模型的AUC值(0.991)高于信息量模型(0.931)和信息量-AHP模型(0.920),说明基于信息量耦合随机森林的综合易发性评价模型更适用于地震带地区的地质灾害易发性评价,具有良好的预测精度。     

建筑物基础沉降径向基神经网络预测

为解决建筑物基础沉降量的安全监测问题,对其进行有效的预测、校核与分析,运用MATLAB软件建立径向基神经网络模型对某市建筑物的基础沉降量进行预测.结果表明:径向基神经网络的结构形式简易,适应能力更强,预测误差比BP网络小,平均约为66.83%,达到预测精准度所需的耗时短、收敛速度更快.径向基神经网络的预测结果与实测结果较为吻合,表明径向基神经网络预测模型适用于建筑工程沉降预测领域之中.     

大比例尺评价尺度强震条件下崩滑灾害易发性评价方法

通过收集并分析大量国内外有关地震诱发地质灾害的文献资料,通过实地野外调查,结合汶川地震这一极端事件,展开对地震诱发地质灾害发育规律、分布特征及成因机理的研究,选取了2类共10个评价因子,包括:坡度、剖面形态、平面形态、高程、水系、岩组、岩体结构、断层性质、断层距离和斜坡方向,建立了一套针对地震条件下地质灾害易发性评价指标体系及方法.结合汶川县城研究区,进行了大比例尺评价尺度强震条件下崩滑灾害易发性评价,评价结果可为城镇建设及规划提供科学的依据,从而有效地规避风险和减灾防灾.     

基于RBF神经网络的城市快速路短时交通流预测研究

为检验灰色模型及径向神经网络模型用于短时交通流预测的可行性及适用性,本文分析和比较了灰色模型GM（1,1）和RBF径向神经网络模型对短时交通流的预测效果。仿真实例表明,灰色模型不适合用于短时交通流预测,而径向神经网络能够准确预测短期交通流的未来变化趋势,当径向基函数的分布密度值在0.8~1.0之间时能够取得较高的预测精度。     

评价单元对地质灾害易发性评价的影响

为了探究不同评价单元对地质灾害易发性评价结果准确性的影响,以宁夏西吉县地质灾害为研究对象,分别以网格单元和斜坡单元作为评价单元,选取灾害点密度、坡度、坡高、坡型、降雨、岩土体类型、人类工程活动和地震等8个评价指标,基于ArcGIS软件,运用综合评判模型对各分级量化的评价指标进行叠加计算,其中采用层次分析法确定各指标的权重值,并应用突变点法将研究区划分为非易发区、低易发区、中易发区和高易发区四个等级,最后通过Sridevi Jadi经验概率法和相对滑坡密度指数法对易发性评价结果进行精度检验。结果表明：基于斜坡单元的高、中易发区灾害点占比比基于网格单元的高5.2%,采用Sridevi Jadi经验概率法得到的基于斜坡单元和网格单元的地质灾害易发性预测结果精度分别为94.74%和90.08%,基于斜坡单元和网格单元的高、中易发区滑坡密度指数值分别为99.30%和98.79%。斜坡单元的预测精度更高,表明采用斜坡单元划分的地质灾害易发性评价结果更为合理准确。     

用QCEA优化的RBF神经网络及其在股市预测的应用

采用量子克隆进化算法(QCEA)对径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的参数进行优化学习,并通过对不同样本容量和量子旋转角的实验,将量子克隆进化算法优化的径向基函数神经网络应用于上证指数的预测分析中.仿真实验表明:经量子克隆进化算法优化的径向基函数神经网络将全局搜索和局部寻优有机地结合起来,收敛速度快、种群多样性好,并可有效抑...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.