松树脂溃疡病菌生物学特性研究

松树脂溃疡病菌(Fusarium circinatum)在6种供试培养基上均能生长,以PDA培养基上生长最好,选择性培养基上生长最差。菌丝适宜生长温度范围为18～27℃,最适温度为24℃。在全黑暗环境下生长最好,光暗交替下次之,全光照下较差。适宜菌丝生长pH范围为 5～9,最适宜pH为80。在基本培养基上,以半乳糖为其最佳碳源,硝酸钠为最佳氮源,维生素对菌丝生长影响不明显。病菌分生孢子在包括无菌水在内的各种机质中均可萌发,营养以 5%葡萄糖为最好。分生孢子在15～35℃、相对湿度85%～100%以及pH 3～12内均可萌发。分生孢子萌发最适温度为25℃、最适pH为70,最适相对湿度为100%。黑暗、氧气充足环境有利于孢子萌发。菌丝、分生孢子致死温度分别为55 ℃和52℃.     

黑木耳菌糠基质下毛木耳细胞工程菌株的生殖生长

以毛木耳［Auricularia polytricha(Mont.)Sacc］细胞工程菌株新河大SL205为供试菌株,以黑木耳菌糠为主要生殖生长基料,以菌丝长速、生殖生长生物学效率为指标,设计不同培养基配方进行实验.结果表明:供试菌株新河大SL205的适宜培养基配方为黑木耳菌糠50%(质量分数,下同)、木屑30%、玉米芯10%、麸皮8%、石灰2%;该培养基下,新河大SL205平均长速为7.26 mm/d,生物学效率为126.29%,对黑木耳菌糠生物降解能力最强,有效降低了黑木耳菌糠带来的面源污染.     

不同培养基对灵芝菌丝生长的影响

通过３个品种灵芝在不同培养基上的生长实验，筛选出适合灵芝菌丝体生长的最佳培养基。试验结果表明，在母种扩制过程中，综合培养基Ⅱ中力比例生长最好，在原种制作过程中，玉米粒培养基中菌丝的生长较麦粒、木屑培养基好，在栽培制作过程中，培养基Ⅲ中的菌丝生长速度最快，３个品种中南韩灵芝菌丝的长势最好。     

平菇原种培养中木屑替代玉米芯的可行性研究

为寻找平菇原种制作中可用于替代玉米芯的材料,以减轻因玉米芯供应稀缺而造成的生产压力,进行了木屑替代玉米芯的试验。结果:平菇菌丝在木屑含量不同的培养基中长速和长势存在差异,与对照相比,木屑有促进平菇菌丝生长的作用,在木屑含量在25～30%时效果最好,木屑量达40～45%时,菌丝生长情况下降,但与对照持平,木屑量再增加,达到50～60%,即几乎全部替代原种培养基中的玉米芯时,菌丝早期长势差,后期长势向好,但满瓶时间稍长。结论:一定比例的木屑代替玉米芯是可行的,亦可通过培养基中不同比例的木屑来调整原种生理成熟时间,以方便实际应用。     

不同培养基对玉米小斑病菌生长繁殖及致病力的影响

采用燕麦、玉米、彼查、PDA及PDA＋宿主叶片、PDA＋VB1 7种固体培养基培养玉米小斑病菌C小种。结果表明，PDA＋VB1和PDA培养基表面加宿主叶片2种培养基培养的菌株，无论是菌丝生长速度、产孢量还是致病力均显著高于其他培养基，可用这2种培养基复壮、保存玉米小斑病菌C小种。     

不同培养基对早熟禾镰刀菌生长类型的影响

在１６种培养基中含有机氮源和ＰＯ＾３－４的培养基上,早熟禾镰刀菌３．３６４２菌株菌丝生长很好,产生红色色素,其它培养基上不产生红色色素;在不同的培养基上,菌丝生长速度和密度不同;在１６种培养基上,当连续光照（Ｌ）或连续黑暗时,３．３６４２菌丝生长类型基本上是均匀生长和绒毛状生长,只有在交替光照１２ｈ－黑暗１２ｈ（Ｌ１２－Ｄ１２）的条件下,菌丝才产生环带状或轮纹状（Ｚ）生长。     

羊肚菌菌丝生物学特性的研究

从固体培养基、液体培养基、碳源、氪源、酸碱度、温度、光照等方面探讨羊肚菌菌丝的生物学特性．结果表明，羊肚茵菌丝适宜在PDA固体培养基以及黄豆芽——玉米粉液体培养基中生长；单肚菌菌丝生长的最适碳源为葡萄糖，最适氮源为硫酸铵；羊肚菌菌丝生长的最适pH范围为6～7，最适温度为25～33℃之间，并且在光照条件为弱光时羊肚菌菌丝生长状况较好．     

九寨猪苓与蜜环菌共培养条件研究

[目的]筛选与九寨猪苓共生的高亲和性的蜜环菌提供理论依据。[方法]通过平皿培养法,研究在不同培养基、温度、pH条件下,九寨猪苓与蜜环菌共培养菌丝生长情况,综合评价筛选出两者共生的最适宜培养条件。[结果]在pH 6.5的改良PDA培养基上,25℃暗培养条件下,猪苓菌丝、蜜环菌菌索生长良好,综合得分高,是九寨猪苓与蜜环菌共培养的最佳培养条件。[结论]此为九寨猪苓和蜜环菌共培养体系的建立以及筛选出猪苓高亲和性蜜环菌指标提供了理论依据。     

杨木彩绒革盖菌生态条件试验初报

在室内用PDA平板培养法研究了不同温度和pH值对杨木彩绒革益菌(Coriolus versicolor)菌丝生长的影响。结果表明,在PDA上彩绒革盖菌生长的最适温度为27～30℃,最高为40℃,最低为5℃,致死温度为55℃。生长最适pH值为6,最高为pH13,最低为pH4,pH3以下不生长。随着培养时间的延长,培养基的酸性逐渐增加。     

β-寡聚酸对4种食用菌菌丝生长的影响

以杏鲍菇、鸡腿菇、灵芝、猴头4种食用菌为实验材料,分别在PDA和栽培料培养基中加入不同浓度的β-寡聚酸,研究不同浓度的β-寡聚酸对4种食用菌菌丝生长的影响,结果表明：在PDA培养基中,β-寡聚酸浓度为1.0 mL/L时,菌丝生长速度最快,与对照组有显著性差异;在栽培料培养基中,β-寡聚酸质量浓度为2.0 mL/kg时,菌丝生长速度最快,与对照组有显著性差异.可选择β-寡聚酸为1.0 mL/L和2.0 mL/kg分别作为4种食用菌PDA母种培养基和生产中固体栽培料中添加的最适浓度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.