Hashish VI1: Conversion of (-)-Δ 1(6)-Tetrahydrocannabinol to (-)-Δ 1(7)-Tetrahydrocannabinol. Stability of (-)-Δ 1 and (-)-Δ 1(6)-Tetrahydrocannabinols

Zusammenfassung Die Synthese von (—)-¹⁽⁷⁾-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) auf (—)-¹⁽⁶⁾ wird beschrieben. Das Hauptprodukt der oxidativen Zerstörung von (—)-¹-THC ist Cannabinol. Beschleunigte Versuche der Luftoxidation von (—)-¹-THC und (—)-¹⁽⁶⁾-THC haben gezeigt, dass das letztere beständiger ist. Dieser Unterschied kann mit der Reaktivität des C₃-benzylisch-allylischen Wasserstoffes in (—)-¹-THC erklärt werden.     

The absolute configuration of valeroidine

Zusammenfassung Auf Grund der Laktonregel vonHudson konnte dem (—) 3·6-Dihydroxy-tropan und (—) Valeroidin eine absolute Konfiguration zugeschrieben werden.     

Sul meccanismo della eptoformazione non ossidativa nel muscolo scheletrico

Summary F-1,6-P has been shown to increase the rate of non-oxydative heptoformation from glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate in enzymatic preparations of rat skeletal muscle. The mechanism of this increase — probably due to triose-phosphate, formed by aldolase action on F-1,6-P — is discussed.     

Paramyosin-Struktur und Sperrtonus,Untersuchungen am Byssusretraktor vonMytilus edulis mit dem Interferenz-Kontrast-Mikroskop

Summary Surviving muscle fibres of a molluscan smooth muscle (ABRM) in catch exhibit a characteristic pattern of longitudinal stripes when examined with theNomarski technique (Differential interference contrast). The pattern appears to be due to aggregated paramyosin-filaments; it disappears after abolishing the catch with 5-hydroxytryptamine or — in freeze-dried preparation — after raising the pH of the ATP-salt solution.     

Fibrinolytic proteases in snake venoms

Zusammenfassung Fibrinolysine zweier Schlangengifte haben — im Gegensatz zu Plasmin und Trypsin — keinen Plasminogen-aktivierenden Effekt, noch sind sie durch Proteasen-Inhibitoren gehemmt. Sowohl in vivo wie auch in vitro sind sie durch Plasmaproteine inaktiviert, was jedoch nicht auf ₁ und ₂-Antiplasmine zurückzuführen ist. Die Spaltprodukte der Toxin-Fibrinogenolyse besitzen einen hohen Gehalt an Antithrombin VI.     

The effect of prolonged sympathetic stimulation on conduit vessel diameter

Zusammenfassung Wird die Reizfrequenz 8 imp/sec nicht überschritten, vermögen mittelgrosse Arterien — ungleich den Resistenzgefässen — während 10 min andauernder Sympathicusreizung ohne Erschlaffung in anhaltender Kontraktion zu verharren. Bei Anwendung höherer Reizfrequenzen ist eine Tendenz zur Erschlaffung der Gefässmuskeln trotz andauernder Stimulation bemerkbar.-Rezeptoren-Erregung scheint zur Erschlaffung quantitativ beizutragen.     

Immunocytochemical localization of hyperglycemic hormone (HGH) in the neurosecretory system of the eyestalk of the crayfishAstacu leptodactylus

Summary Hyperglycemic hormone (HGH) fromAstacus leptodactylus can be visualized by an immunocytochemical procedure using a specific antiserum against HGH and the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) method. HGH containing cells are localized in the most distal portion of the x-organ in the medulla terminalis. Their cell diameter is about 47±7 m; the nucleus measures about 22±2 m. They form a subgroup of neurosecretory cell type 1, already described for the crayfish. A large amount of this HGH material is homogeneously stored in the sinus gland. A group of fibres in the x-organ — sinus gland — tractus can be followed, due to their positive reaction with the PAP-reagent.     

Captopril (SQ 14,225): In vitro and in vivo influence on the proliferative response of rat lymphocytes

Summary Captopril in vitro (50–500 g/ml) increased³H-TdR incorporation in unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated cultures of rat lymphocytes. Unseparated spleen and lymph node cells of rats orally treated with captopril (50 mg/kg/day×4) showed decreased basal and mitogen stimulated³H-TdR incorporation. The removal of macrophages abrogated this inhibitory effect. Leucine aminopeptidase activity of macrophages was reduced — in vivo and in vitro — by captopril.Acknowledgments. The authors thank the Squibb Institute for Medical Research for the gift of Captopril. The excellent technical assistance of Ms B. Hasselriis, Ms B. Rumler and Ms E. Greve Petersen is gratefully acknowledged.     

A stereological evaluation of synaptic diversity on spinal motoneurons in the rat

Summary We compare 2 methods (planar and stereological) for quantifying different types of synapse on the surface of spinal motoneurons. Stereological results suggest that the planar approach — wholly confined to counting synapses visible on electron micrographs — can produce valid data. Stereological results are also compared with estimates obtained by other techniques (light microscopy and serial microreconstruction).Christopher Kunaye Momoh died in Nigeria, March 1979. Part of this work was undertaken to fulfil requirements for his Ph. D. from the University of Sheffield. It was assisted by The Association of Commonwealth Universities and by the University of Ife, Nigeria.     

In vitro characterization of adrenergic receptors mediating extrusion of preformed sebum from preputial gland of rat

Summary Extrusion of preformed sebum from the preputial glands of rat after phenylephrine and adrenaline treatment, and its inhibition by -receptor blocking agents under in vitro conditions, shows that secretory response of the glands is influenced by -adrenergic receptors, and isoproterenol — a -agonist — is not effective in elicitation of exudation of secretion from the preputial gland.Acknowledgements. We are thankful to Prof. R.V. Shah, for providing the facilities to conduct this work. D.M. V. is grateful to the Indian Council of Medical Research for the award of a Senior Research Fellowship during the tenure of which this work was conducted.     

Properties of an auxin-oxidising system fromLactobacillus bulgaricus

Résumé Un traitement à l'acide-indolylacétique (IAA) a pour effet d'induire — chezLactobacillus bulgaricus — un système inactivant l'IAA. Le pH optimum de ce complexe enzymatique est de 6.0 et sa température optimale de réaction de 32 °C. Cette induction est inhibée par des analogues de l'IAA (acides-indolyl carboxylique et-indolyl propionique;dl-tryptophane). L'apparition de cette « IAA-oxydase » permet de rendre compte, dans une large mesure, des effets de l'IAA sur la croissance des microorganismes testés.     

Heterogeneity of erythrocyte catalase: Variability of the isoelectric point

Zusammenfassung Mittels isoelektrischer Fokussierung wurde der IEP von nativer Erythrocytenkatalase bestimmt (Mensch pH 6,5; Pferd pH 7,3). Die im Verlauf der Reinigung auftretende Konformationsänderung ist von einer Verschiebung des IEP nach der sauren Seite begleitet (Mensch pH —1,3; Pferd lpH –1,6).     

Versuche zur Isolierung der γ-Globuline aus Kaninchenserum durch Acetonfällung

Summary It is possible — under constant conditions, such as pH, ionic strength and ionic milieu — to purify -globulins from rabbit-serum, using the fractionated acetone precipitation.

---

---

Ausgeführt mit Mitteln der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.

---

Mit technischer Assistenz von FräuleinChristel Borna.     

A new pattern of hermaphroditism (inducible hermaphroditism) in populations ofOphryotrocha labronica (Annelida Polychaeta)

Summary A new kind of hermaphroditism, which is called inducible hermaphroditism, has been discovered in the otherwise gonochoristic populations ofOphryotrocha labronica of the Gulf of Naples and of the Lagune of Venice. Inducible hermaphrodites, which are fertile in both the male and female phases, represent 25.8% and 31.8% of the Naples and Venice strains respectively. Inducible hermaphrodites are obtained when pairs between adult females — or female phase hermaphrodites — and juveniles are formed. Crosses between inducible hermaphrodites, in different sex phases, pure male and female individuals give progenies whose sex ratios are clearly correlated with the sex genotypes of the parents.     

Effect of α-methyl-DOPA on myocardial catecholamines

Résumé L'-méthyl-DOPA, même à doses élevées et/ou répétées, ne modifie pas significativement l'activité vasopressive totale — estimée sur la pression arérielle du rat décérébré et démédullé — des amines catéchiques cardiaques. La quantité de noradrénaline libérée du coeur de cobaye 1 h à 6 jours après administration d'-méthyl-DOPA y est remplacée par une quantité équipressive d'-méthyl-noradrénaline.     

Lack of pressor effect of dopamine in the pentobarbital-anesthetized rat

Summary The blood pressure and heart rate responses to intravenous dopamine infusion at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 g·min^–1·100 g^–1 were studied in conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized Sprague — Dawley rats. In the conscious rats, dopamine caused a significant dose-related increase in the mean arterial blood pressure which was abolished in the anesthetized rats. The heart rate increased significantly only at the highest dose infused. The responses to equipressor doses of noradrenaline (40 ng·min^–1·100 g^–1) and phenylephrine (1.0 g·min^–1·100 g^–1) were also suppressed in the anesthetized rats. The results suggest that pentobarbital anesthesia depresses the blood pressure response to dopamine infusion in the rat through a depression of activation of alpha-adrenoceptors.16 June 1986     

The role of histones and their modifications in the informative content of chromatin

It is traditionally accepted that the DNA sequence cannot by itself explain all the mechanisms necessary for the development of living beings, especially in eukaryotes. Indeed part of the information used in these processes is stored in other ways, generally called epigenetic, whose molecular mechanisms are mostly unknown. The ultimate explanation for them might reside in the non-DNA moiety of chromatin which may play an active role in heredity (chromatin information). Histones are the universal structural component of chromatin. However, recent studies strongly suggest that histones, and their modifications — especially the reversible acetylation of lysines — may act as a recognition signal for regulatory proteins and they may participate, for this reason, in gene regulation. This type of information could be maintained through its replication and, ultimately, it could form the molecular basis of certain processes related to the development of the eukaryotic organisms.     

Reduction of high affinity glutamate uptake in rat hippocampus by two polyamine-like toxins isolated from the venom of the predatory waspphilanthus triangulum F

Summary Two components of the venom of the predatory waspPhilanthus triangulum F. significantly reduce — to a greater or less extent — the high affinity uptake of glutamate in rat hippocampus. A concentration of 10 M -PTX caused a reduction of 74%, while the other component, -PTX, at the same concentration, caused a reduction of 18%. Hence the effect of -PTX on high affinity glutamate uptake in the hippocampus is comparable with its effect on high affinity glutamate uptake in insect neuromuscular junctions. Contrary to our previous findings that -PTX has no effect on high affinity glutamate uptake in insect glutamatergic terminal axons, however, -PTX significantly reduces high affinity glutamate uptake in the hippocampus, albeit less effectively than -PTX.     

Chelate aus Diarylborinsäuren undβ-Ketosäureestern

Summary Diarylborinic acids form stable chelates with-keto acid esters. Borinic acids, when being synthetized, can be stabilized in compounds resulting from the combination with-keto acid esters. The chelates so formed are suitable—like the free borinic acids or their anhydrides—for further transformation. These chelates have several advantages in comparison with those formed with-amino ethanol.     

Effects of 2-Br-α-ergokryptine on plasma prolactin level during parturition and onset of lactation in cows

Zusammenfassung An drei Kühen wurde um den Zeitpunkt der Geburt der Effekt eines spezifischen Prolaktininhibitors (2-Br--Ergokryptin-Methan-Sulfonat=CB-154, Sandoz, Basel) auf den Plasmaprolaktinspiegel und das Einsetzen der Laktation untersucht. In allen drei Fällen konnte eine starke Hemmung der Prolaktinbasiswerte als auch eine Unterdrückung des normalerweise vor der Geburt auftretenden Prolaktingipfels erreicht werden. Ebenfalls wurde die Laktation (vergleichsweise zum Vorjahr) eindeutig gehemmt. Maximal zeigte sich die relative Unterdrückung der Milchleistung bei der Kuh, welche kurz vor und auch noch nach der Geburt mit CB-154 behandelt wurde. Prolaktin wird somit für das Rind als das massgebliche Hormon der Laktogenese — im Gegensatz zur Galaktopoese — angesehen.

---

---

This wirk was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.