三叠纪鄂尔多斯盆地东南边缘的扩张——来自南召地区沉积及碎屑锆石年代学的证据

为研究鄂尔多斯盆地三叠纪时期东南边缘的延伸范围,对其东南方向的南召地区太山庙剖面三叠系地层进行实测,利用层序地层学及沉积学原理划分沉积旋回、判断沉积环境;同时,运用LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素年代学方法,探讨南召地区三叠系地层物质来源。结果表明,南召地区三叠系地层可划分出5个沉积旋回,其中包括1个Ⅱ级层序与5个Ⅲ级层序,与鄂尔多斯东南部延长组有较好的对应,但几乎全部为深水沉积环境。碎屑锆石的年龄范围为1 654~230 Ma,大致可分为4个年龄段:1 400~1 600 Ma,640~1 100 Ma,400~550 Ma,200~334 Ma,均有明显峰值。与周缘地体年龄数据进行对比发现,碎屑岩主要来源于北秦岭,少量印支期锆石应来自于南秦岭印支期花岗岩,没有来自华北克拉通内部的物源。将沉积特征及锆石年龄谱与鄂尔多斯东南部金锁关地区延长组及北秦岭柳叶河盆地三叠系地层进行对比分析,推测三叠纪鄂尔多斯盆地向南扩张到北秦岭,且华北板块南缘和北秦岭带之间存在一个以宽坪群为主体的隆起带,自南召地区向西至金锁关地区以南逐渐降低,至柳叶河盆地消失。因此,三叠纪鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘可扩展至南召地区,两者的演化同时受到秦岭造山带的控制。     

鄂尔多斯东部上古生界物源及山西组构造背景

依据岩石矿物格架组分特征及岩石化学的环境指示意义,对鄂尔多斯盆地东部地区物源性质及山西组构造背景进行研究。结果表明:长石含量呈现由本溪组向石千峰组逐渐增多的趋势,是沉积环境由滨浅海—湖—内陆盆地过渡造成的;本溪组—石盒子组物源区性质为再旋回造山带,而石千峰组物源区性质过渡为陆块和再旋回造山带。常量元素、微量元素分析均一致表明山西组物源区总体成分主要与被动大陆边缘环境和活动陆缘相关。在盆地北部存在一由于板块间发生碰撞和俯冲作用形成的再旋回造山带,作为山西组沉积的主要供给区域。     

东秦岭-大别造山带南缘印支期以来构造层序耦合特征分析

通过对东秦岭-大别山造山带南缘鄂东地区、荆当盆地、秭归盆地和川东北地区三叠纪-古近纪的构造层序对比研究,划分出三个大的构造层序,并分析了中上扬子地区印支期以来沉积盆地性质转换和迁移过程与构造层序的耦合关系,揭示了东秦岭-大别造山与成盆作用过程.认为早三叠世至中三叠世构造层序Ⅰ记录了扬子地台由克拉通盆地逐渐萎缩的过程,反映了印支期华北板块与扬子板块之间软碰撞未造山的过程;晚三叠世至早白垩世构造层序Ⅱ记录了前陆盆地的三次幕式演化过程,反映了早燕山期华北板块与扬子板块之间呈斜向、剪刀式由东向西陆-陆碰撞关闭以及前展逆冲叠置造山作用过程,与江南逆冲带联合作用形成前陆盆地沉降和沉积中心向西的迁移.晚白垩世至古近纪区域构造背景发生重大变化,构造层序Ⅲ记录了晚燕山期地壳快速均衡隆升,伸展断陷盆地形成演化过程.     

海西构造旋回阴山幕式造山与鄂尔多斯盆地北部旋回充填的耦合关系

探讨鄂尔多斯盆地沉积物充填规律与阴山造山带间的相互关系,为大型克拉通盆地沉积充填规律与造山带耦合关系提供实证。通过鄂尔多斯盆地北部晚古生代9条野外剖面和133口典型钻井详细的沉积充填序列分析,结果清楚地揭示晚古生代太原-山西期、石盒子期、石千峰期存在明显的3个由粗-细-粗的沉积充填旋回。构造沉降史分析准确标定出285Ma B.P.、274Ma B.P.和256Ma B.P.为造山活动加剧、盆地强烈沉降的时间节点,而这3个时间节点正好对应于太原-山西期、石盒子期、石千峰期3个时期内退积-进积的沉积转换,这说明海西期华北板块向西伯利亚板块俯冲-碰撞造山所导致的阴山古陆的幕式造山运动与盆地的旋回充填存在密切的耦合关系。     

论北秦岭加里东期造山作用

提出北秦岭加里东造山带由华北地块南缘，以未变质—浅变质沉积岩系为主体的前陆褶断带和北秦岭以中—深变质岩系及强烈岩浆活动为特征的山根带两个主要部分组成。认为它自成体系，相应的变质、变形、岩浆作用发育。该造山带是早古生代未秦岭古洋盆沿商丹—桐柏一线俯冲、消减，促使秦岭古岛弧系碰撞华北地块，造成弧后边缘海闭合所致，是显生宙秦岭造山带形成演化进程中的重大构造事件之一。     

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起新近系沙湾组重矿物、U-Pb年代学特征及物源分析

综合岩石学特征、砂岩碎屑组分特征、重矿物组合特征和锆石U-Pb年代学特征, 探讨准噶尔盆地车排子凸起新近系沙湾组沙一段的沉积特征和物源演化过程。结果表明, 车排子凸起存在南北双物源体系, 沙一段以粗碎屑沉积为主。在一砂组沉积阶段, 扎依尔山为北部物源区, 发育小规模扇三角洲沉积; 中天山及北天山造山带为南部物源区, 发育辫状河三角洲沉积。在二砂组沉积阶段, 中天山供给减弱, 北天山供给加强, 盆地水体加深, 南部辫状河三角洲前端分布小型滨浅湖滩坝。南部物源变化的主要原因可能是受印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞的远程影响, 天山在新生代中新世中期经历强烈的挤压和抬升过程, 造成北天山隆升, 为车排子凸起提供物源。     

沁水盆地中晚三叠世地层沉积学、年代学研究及其对恢复鄂尔多斯原型盆地的意义

为研究鄂尔多斯盆地中晚三叠世东缘的沉积范围,对其东部的沁水盆地榆社地区中晚三叠世沉积地层进行实测,运用沉积学原理判断沉积环境,划分沉积旋回,同时运用LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素年代学方法,探讨地层物质来源。研究结果表明,沁水盆地榆社地区中晚三叠世地层以长石砂岩和泥岩沉积为主,砂岩粒度较粗,颜色变化较大,泥岩以紫红色为主,地层厚度较薄,上部剥蚀,保存不全,沉积相以三角洲相为主,展现了一个较为完整的水进水退旋回,并与鄂尔多斯盆地本部为连续沉积。碎屑锆石年龄范围为220～2 600 Ma,大致可分为3个年龄段(2 300～2 600,1 600～2 100,220～400 Ma)。与周缘地体年龄数据进行对比认为,其物源主要来自华北板块北缘阴山—大青山—乌拉山一带出露的变质结晶基底、孔兹岩带与海西—印支期花岗岩,也可能有华北克拉通沉积盖层再旋回物源,与现今鄂尔多斯盆地东部三叠系延长组碎屑物源一致,因此推测中晚三叠世沁水盆地与鄂尔多斯盆地可能属于同一沉积盆地。     

四川盆地西部上三叠统须家河组物质来源：碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄研究

对四川盆地西部晚三叠世须三期须家河组碎屑长石石英砂岩和须四期砂岩中碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb定年。分析研究表明:1川西西部都江堰地区沉积物样品具四个主要年龄峰分别为245 Ma、460 Ma、773 Ma和1 836 Ma;川西北部广元地区样品具四个主要年龄峰分别为245 Ma、452 Ma、834 Ma和1 850 Ma;2结合碎屑锆石U-Pb测年特征,表明川西盆地北段广元地区和中段都江堰地区须家河组上部和下部年代学以及地球化学信息一致,主要显示吕梁期(峰值1 836 Ma、1 950 Ma和1 850 Ma),晋宁末期(峰值为865 Ma和834 Ma),加里东期(峰值为460 Ma和452 Ma)和海西-印支期年龄峰(峰值为245Ma),反映两个地区具有相似物源;3结合碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄与周源造山带对比分析,海西-印支期碎屑物质来源于秦岭造山带;加里东期是秦岭造山带的主要造山阶段,秦岭造山带为该阶段提供物源;晋宁末期是扬子克拉通岩浆活动最活跃时期,扬子克拉通为该阶段碎屑物质主要源区;吕梁期碎屑锆石,主要来自其北缘的华北克拉通。     

柴达木东北部晚石炭世盆山格局研究

根据地球化学、碎屑锆石测试资料和大地构造学理论,对石灰沟剖面克鲁克组碎屑岩物源区性质及构造属性进行研究。结果表明:柴达木东北部地区晚石炭世盆地类型为被动大陆边缘盆地,物源区岩石组合以中酸性岩浆岩为主,缺少基性物质的加入,也不存在明显的沉积再旋回;克鲁克组碎屑岩物源区主要由古老基底组成,但包含一定加里东期物质,柴北缘构造带依旧是碎屑物质来源之一;晚石炭世海侵及盆地沉降受北侧宗务隆晚古生代裂陷海槽控制,碎屑物质来源于南侧柴北缘加里东造山带,呈"南山-北海"的盆山格局,盆地内部充填海相沉积建造;柴北缘古生代造山带剥蚀开始于约430 Ma前,存在时间下限不晚于晚石炭世,早期主要发生岛弧岩浆岩的剥蚀,晚期则主要发生古老基底的剥蚀。     

西藏羌塘盆地的构造沉积物征及演化

西藏羌塘盆地是物提斯构造域内晚古生长－中生代海相复合盆地。经历了晚古生代槔块构造演化阶段、中生代板块构造演化阶段和新生代抬升肃蚀阶段,形成了晚古生代大陆边缘盆地、中生代南羌塘被动大陆边缘和北羌塘弧后盆地以及晚侏罗世这后的构造地貌盆地。受多期构造运动作用,盆地从北向南形成了北缘冲褶带、北羌塘变形带、中央碰撞隆起带、南羌塘变形带和南缘冲断带五个构造单元。变形由坳陷边缘到中心逐渐减弱,侏罗山式褶皱样式,     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部晚古生代沉积-构造格局及物源分析

综合研究鄂尔多斯盆地北部晚古生代发育背景、地层展布及岩性特征和沉积-构造格局,认为晚古生代沉积-构造格局主要受控于北缘兴蒙海槽演化,逐渐由东—西向转变为北东—南西向.结合前人对盆地北部晚古生代物源的研究成果,根据现今盆地北部构造特征,利用钻井和野外露头资料,对研究区晚古生代物源分布情况作了进一步探讨,初步建立起物源演化关系模式.研究表明:晚石炭世本溪期—早二叠世太原期,伊盟古隆起作为盆地北部物源而遭受剥蚀且具有一定的阻隔作用,使得阴山古陆可能并未向盆地北部提供物源;早二叠世山西期—晚二叠世石千峰期,伴随着伊盟古隆起地区开始接受沉积,阴山古陆成为盆地北部和北缘大青山地区的共同物源.     

Tectonic affinity of Paleozoic stratigraphic slices along the northern margin in Dabie Orogen, central China: evidence from Pb isotope of rocks

Metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks from the Paleozoic tectono-stratigraphic units along the northern margin in the Dabie orogen show that there are two types of Pb isotopic compositions, which have some affined regularity with tectonic subdivision. Compared with the main tectonic units of the Qinling orogen, the Dingyuan Formation should be the part of the South Qinling orogenic belt or the northern margin of the Yangtze craton, characterized by less radiogenic Pb isotopic composition, and the Guishan Formation, Nanwan Formation-Foziling Group and the Carboniferous should be the part of the North Qinling orogenic belt which is extended to the east, characterized by more radiogenic Pb isotopic composition. These facts combined with the distribution of the geological units suggest that the Paleozoic subduction zone between the Yangtze and North China cratons should be located in the north boundary of the Nanwan Formation-Foziling Group or somewhere that is covered by the Nanwan Formation-Foziling Group now. From the Pb isotopic evidence and suggestion presented here, one aspect of the constraint is provided for determining the position of the Triassic collision suture between the two cratons.     

胶北蓬莱群板岩的伊利石结晶度及其变质等级和地质意义

本文应用鲁东胶北隆起带上蓬莱群板岩中伊利石结晶度值测量,确定了蓬莱群经历过低绿片岩相（浅变带）区域变质．这期变质是胶北隆起带上晚石炭世＂蓬莱运动＂造成的同构造区域变质．处于华北板块南缘上胶北隆起带内的＂蓬莱运动＂,是华北与扬子板块沿胶南隆起带碰撞的结果．     

Timing and setting of Guanjiagou conglomerate in South Qinling and their tectonic implications

TheGuanjiagouFormationisafault-boundterranelocatedintheSouthQinlingMountains,centralChina.Theageandtectonicsettingoftheconglomerateinthisformation(Guanjiagouconglomerate,GC)havebeencontroversialsincethe1940s,withnumerousconflictinginterpretationsandcorrelationsproposedbydifferentworkers.Forexample,itwasinitiallydescribedbyYeetal.(1944)[1],whointerpretedtheGCasSinian(LatestNeo-proterozoic)tillites.However,Huang[2]regardedtheGC,plustheBikouSystem(composedoftheBikouvolcanicandtheHengdant…     

兴蒙造山带南部图古日格地区徐尼乌苏组沉积相、物源分析及其构造意义

研究内蒙古西部图古日格地区徐尼乌苏组复理石建造的沉积相, 揭示其普遍具有不同厚度、不同类型的鲍玛序列, 属于浊流沉积相。参照浊积相模式, 将其归为中扇亚相, 包括辫状水道、辫状水道间和中扇前缘等3种微相。根据区域地层对比和最年轻锆石年龄峰值(437.9±2.7 Ma), 推测徐尼乌苏组的形成时代为早中志留世。物源分析发现, 徐尼乌苏组碎屑物质主要来自变质岩区的石英岩和火成岩区, 推测分别来自其北边的早古生代岛弧带和其南边的华北板块基底。图古日格、达茂旗和白乃庙3个地区的地层建造对比表明, 在南造山带东西方向约400 km范围内, 广泛发育以徐尼乌苏组和塔林宫群为代表的弧后盆地, 表明早古生代古亚洲洋的俯冲曾形成宽阔的沟弧盆体系, 因此推测华北板块北缘属于安第斯型活动大陆边缘。     

Granitic magmatism related to early Paleozoic continental collision in North Qinling

Zircon U-Pb dating of early Paleozoic granitoids in North Qinling yields three age peaks of ~500, -452 and -420 Ma. They can be temporally correlated with high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism at ca. 500 Ma, retrograde granulite-facies meta- morphisms at ca. 450 Ma and amphibolite-facies metamorphism at ca. 420 Ma, respectively. The first episode of granitic magma- tism is considered to have resulted from continental collision, whereas the second and third episodes of magmatism are attributed to crustal uplifting. Combined with the regional geological setting and new results from high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks, the ca. 500 Ma magmatism is interpreted as the result of partial melting of sedimentary rocks in accretionary wedge between the south Qinling microcontinent and the north Qinling belt including the southern margin of the North China Craton. The ca. 450 Ma intensive magmatism is ascribed to dehydration melting of deeply subducted continental crust at thick- ened conditions in response to slab breakoff, and the final magmatism in ca. 420 Ma is interpreted as the product of partial melt- ing during the tectonic transition from contraction to extension.     

Paleozoic sedimentary record of the Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt,Inner Mongolia: Implications for the provenances and tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt is the eastern extension of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, which marks the boundary between the North China and Siberian blocks. Key information on the collision between these two blocks and the evolution of this orogenic belt at the end of the Paleozoic are preserved in the widely distributed Paleozoic sedimentary sequences. Petrographic studies of the clastic sedimentary rocks from the Ordovician to the Permian in this region have shown that the rocks are mainly greywackes and arkosic sandstones characterized by low maturity, poor sorting and a large number of lithic fragments. Provenances of Paleozoic sandstones are mainly newly accreted crustal materials. Nd model ages range from the Neoproterozoic to the Late Mesoproterozoic. These ages are very different from those of the North China Block, but the change of εNd(t) (from the initial εNd value) is similar to that of igneous rocks in the Xing-Meng Orogen. This result indicates that provenances of these Paleozoic sedimentary rocks mainly arise from the Xing-Meng Orogen itself. These clastic sedimentary rocks mainly consist of inputs of juvenile accreted crustal materials and limited recycled old crusts. Their provenance is controlled by the following three end members: a felsic basement, a partially melted mafic, and a mafic end member. From the point view of lithology, these three end members must have mixed in a ratio of 53:41:5 to form the average composition of the clastic sedimentary rocks. The depositional environment began to change from an arc to an orogen during the Permian, and therefore the collision was complete before the Triassic. This interpretation is consistent with the argument that the final collision time was at the end of the Permian or beginning of the Triassic.     

华北板块北缘中段中元古代晚期花岗岩类特征及其构造意义

华北板块北缘出露的中元古代晚期花岗岩主要为黑云母花岗岩和二长花岗岩,化学上富SiO₂和K₂O, 贫FeO、CaO、MgO和TiO₂,A/CNK平均大于1.1,具过铝质花岗岩特征。微量元素Nb、Sr、P、Ti相对亏损,而Rb、K、Ta、Nd相对富集;轻重稀土较强分馏,其(La/Yb)_N=6.61～64.31,负铕异常明显,具有碰撞成因S型花岗岩特征。花岗岩呈东西向带状展布,并与北侧白乃庙（白乃庙群）和阜新旧庙（魏家沟岩群）中元古代古岛弧链及开原蛇绿混杂岩带平行,这表明该区中元古代晚期存在一个强烈的俯冲碰撞造山过程,这一碰撞造山事件为华北板块在Rodinia超大陆的拼合模式提供了最基本的制约条件。