缸径和压缩比对微型内燃机微燃烧性能的影响

为了考察缸径和压缩比对微型内燃机微燃烧特性的影响规律和机理,采用层流有限速率模型耦合甲醇-硝基甲烷燃烧化学反应机理,对其燃烧过程进行了多维仿真.深入分析了缸径和压缩比对微燃烧特性的影响.仿真结果与实验结果比较一致,缸径对甲醇-硝基甲烷微型内燃机微燃烧特性影响显著.当缸径从9.00mm减小到3.38mm时,在压力上升阶段,缸内压力和温度增大;最高压力值先增大后减小,最终最高压力值下降约6×105 Pa,到达最高压力值所需时间缩短约30℃A;燃气燃烧速率也增大,完全燃烧时刻提前约40℃A.进一步分析揭示了缸径影响燃烧特性的本质机理,缸径对缸内燃烧特性的影响取决于缸内未燃燃气总量、散热损失占燃烧释放总热量比值、燃料完全燃烧时刻这3个因素.在给定参数下,实现完全燃烧临界缸径约为3.38mm.随压缩比提高,缸内压力和温度增大且最高压力值和温度值也增大.     

液环泵作真空泵与压缩机工况下的内流场及外特性分析

采用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法,对2BE型液环泵在真空泵与压缩机工况下的内流场及外特性进行对比分析.结果表明:相同的进出口压比时,压缩机体积流量小于真空泵体积流量,体积流量比和效率比均随着压比的增大而逐渐下降;真空泵和压缩机工况下内部的相态场、速度场和压力场分布规律基本一致;压缩机工况下的排气区和过渡区叶轮内旋涡二次流明显要强于真空泵工况下的,相同压比变化时压缩机工况下排气区内壁压力显著增大;液环泵壳体内壁压力的频域特性沿圆周方向存在明显的分区特征;真空泵工况下的各阶主频特性与压缩机工况下的完全一致;在各压比下,压缩机工况的泵壳体内壁压力脉动幅值整体大于真空泵工况的,随着压比的增大,压缩机工况下的排气区和过渡区壳体内壁压力脉动幅值明显增大.     

基础振动下电磁换向阀压力流量特性研究

针对基础振动对电磁换向阀压力-流量特性的影响,采用控制阀口压差模拟压力损失的方法,同时考虑基础振动引起的阀芯瞬态液动力和电磁力的变化,建立了基础振动下的电磁换向阀的数学模型和仿真模型,实验验证了模型的准确性,分析了基础振动参数和结构参数对阀的压力-流量特性和流量波动的影响。研究表明:小流量、低压降电磁换向阀对基础振动的顺应性较好;基础振动下存在压力-流量特性降低区域和流量波动失效区域,压差为0.7 MPa时的压力-流量特性降低区域是0.4MPa时的45倍;弹簧刚度小于5kN/m时,减小阀芯质量、增大阻尼系数有利于降低流量波动幅值。该研究对基础振动下电磁换向阀的选型和设计提供了一定的理论参考。     

负载敏感系统响应特性仿真研究

在对负载敏感变量泵工作原理进行分析的基础上,基于AMESim平台对系统的响应特性进行了仿真研究.结果表明,在系统压力达到调压阀设定压力之前,系统的流量仅取决于流量阀的开口而与负载无关,负载敏感阀将根据流量阀的开口自动调节变量泵的排量.在系统压力达到调压阀设定压力之后,系统压力仅取决于调压阀的设定值而与负载无关,此时负载敏感阀将自动调节变量泵的排量使之恰好与负载的需要相适应.     

轴向振动对液压胶管出口压力波动影响

为了提升和改进硬岩掘进机工作时液压胶管内流体能量的传递特性,基于复合材料层合板理论和流固耦合理论,建立了缠绕式胶管轴向振动流固耦合模型.仿真和实验研究了振动参数、结构参数和流体参数对胶管出口压力波动影响.研究结果表明:当基础振动频率在40Hz附近时,出口压力波动幅值最大,此时激振频率接近胶管固有频率,出口压力波动幅值在一定范围随振动幅值呈线性增长;胶管长度对出口压力波动影响强于胶管内径;随着流体流速增加,胶管出口压力波动幅值逐渐减小,流体黏度对压力波动影响较小.     

凸轮泵内部瞬态流场的动网格数值解析

根据凸轮泵啮合特性建立了渐开线方程,当型线方程的压力角介于40°~50°时,共轭转子相对运动时不产生干涉效应.为了阐明压力角对转子型线方程和几何参数的影响,基于FLUENT动网格模型和局部网格重构的网格变形技术,应用RNG k-ε湍流模型及PISO算法对凸轮泵内部流场进行数值解析.通过定量监测排出端流量波动和吸入端压力脉动,获得不同压力角和不同工况下,流量波动和压力脉动的瞬态特性.结果表明:凸轮泵排出端流量和吸入端压力呈周期性变化,当转子压力角逐渐增大时,二者有减小的趋势;转速是影响流量波动和压力脉动的主要因素,随着转速升高,排出端流量和吸入端压力提升明显,脉动现象明显;当转速升高到一定程度后,排出端速度与吸入端压力的脉动值增加较少.     

小长径比垂直上流管压力波动特性分析

在垂直管长2.2m、内径0.05m的小型气液两相流实验装置上对小长径比（L/D=44）垂直上流管压力波动特性进行了实验研究.结果表明：分别增加管线中的气量、液量,或者同时增加气液流量,均会造成垂直管入口处均值压力和最大压力的增加.选取适当的回归模型,得到了入口处平均压力和最大压力随折算液速和折算气速变化的关系式;压力信号的概率密度（PDF）符合正态分布,并且大部分呈双峰分布,也存在单峰和多峰分布;压力信号的功率谱密度（PSD）具有频率波动范围小、幅值大的特点.     

一种新型减压阀性能研究

提出了一种先导回路为G型π桥液阻网络的减压阀新结构,对该阀的出口压力流量特性进行了仿真研究,分析了该阀先导回路有关参数的设计方法．该阀的压力流量特性根据先导回路液阻参数的不同设计,可以呈现3种形式：（1）减压阀出口压力随减压阀口流量增加而下降;（2）减压阀出口压力保持恒值,不随减压阀。流量的增减而变化;（3）减压阀出。压力随减压阀。流量增加反而上升．而普通先导式减压阀只具有一种特性,即随着流量的增加,其出口压力下降．图4,表1,参4     

TBM空间管道动态特性分析

针对硬岩掘进机(TBM)工作过程中产生的强振动会改变空间管道动态特性的问题,基于流固耦合理论和有限元方法建立基础振动下空间管道的双向流固耦合仿真模型,并通过实验验证仿真模型的正确性。对有无基础振动下空间管道的动态特性进行对比分析;研究不同振动参数和结构参数对空间管道动态特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着基础振动频率增大,管道最大应力和出口压力波动幅值先增大后减小;随着基础振动幅值增大,管道最大应力和出口压力波动幅值均增大;随着管道曲率半径和中间直管长度增大,管道最大应力逐渐增大;随着管道内径增大,管道最大应力逐渐减小。     

脉冲水射流水力共振设计

在导管首端设置正弦脉冲流发生器,下游某处设置空气室,精心构建系统条件造成水力共振,使喷 嘴处脉冲射流的压力振幅大大提高。系统的数学物理模型用水力瞬变特征线有限差分方程建立,变时步方 法解算。最优水力共振条件用Matlab直接搜索算法搜寻。正弦脉冲流发生器由恒流泵和正弦容积变化活塞 缸构成,电动活塞泵用凸轮传动给出恒定流量,活塞缸活塞用凸轮或曲轴连杆传动使缸容正弦变化。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.